On the design of low modulus Ti-Nb-Au alloys for biomedical applications.

Developing new low modulus structures is important for reducing the risk of aseptic loosening during loading of implant materials. However, an alloy that may also confer some advantage at preventing septic loosening could dramatically improve the outcomes for patients. Nevertheless, the predictive power of current models remains limited to common alloying additions. As such, this study considers the mechanical properties of a range of Ti-Nb-Au superelastic alloys to elucidate the composition range for which low modulus structures can be achieved. These modulus values are compared to other critical design parameters such as strain recovery and strength. It was found that Au additions are effective at suppressing the formation of the ω phase and allow alloys with lower moduli to be achieved. It was also shown that low ß phase stability is critical for achieving the lowest modulus, and that this susceptibility to transform to a martensite may enable higher strengths to be achieved. However, this low ß phase stability also limits the strain recovery that may be achieved meaning these two properties are not necessarily independently tuneable. These data provide important context for the design of new systems containing unusual alloying additions such as Au.

Comparing the Efficacy of Different Archwire Materials in Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

Background: Orthodontic treatment is commonly used to correct misaligned teeth and improve dental aesthetics and function. Archwires play a crucial role in this treatment by exerting forces on teeth, prompting them to shift into desired positions. Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, 60 participants requiring orthodontic treatment were selected and divided into three groups: Group A, treated with stainless steel archwires; Group B, treated with nickel-titanium archwires; and Group C, treated with beta-titanium archwires. Standardized orthodontic procedures were followed for all participants. The rate of tooth movement was measured over a period of 6 months using digital models and a calibrated measurement technique. Results: The study revealed notable differences in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement among the three groups. Group B (nickel-titanium archwires) demonstrated the highest mean rate of tooth movement, with an average of 1.5 mm per month. Group A (stainless steel archwires) exhibited a mean rate of 1.2 mm per month, while Group C (beta-titanium archwires) showed the lowest mean rate at 0.9 mm per month. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the varying efficacy of different archwire materials in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Nickel-titanium archwires exhibited the highest rate of tooth movement compared to stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires.

Multifunctional Hybrid Material for Endoprosthetic Implants Based on Alumina-Toughened Zirconia Ceramics and Additively Manufactured TiNbTa Alloys.

Aseptic implant loosening after a total joint replacement is partially influenced by material-specific factors when cobalt-chromium alloys are used, including osteolysis induced by wear and corrosion products and stress shielding. Here, we aim to characterize a hybrid material consisting of alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) ceramics and additively manufactured Ti-35Nb-6Ta (TiNbTa) alloys, which are joined by a glass solder. The structure of the joint, the static and fatigue shear strength, the influence of accelerated aging, and the cytotoxicity with human osteoblasts are characterized. Furthermore, the biomechanical properties of the functional demonstrators of a femoral component for total knee replacements are evaluated. The TiNbTa-ATZ specimens showed a homogenous joint with statistically distributed micro-pores and a slight accumulation of Al-rich compounds at the glass solder-TiNbTa interface. Shear strengths of 26.4 ± 4.2 MPa and 38.2 ± 14.4 MPa were achieved for the TiNbTa-ATZ and Ti-ATZ specimens, respectively, and they were not significantly affected by the titanium material used, nor by accelerated aging (p = 0.07). All of the specimens survived 107 cycles of shear loading to 10 MPa. Furthermore, the TiNbTa-ATZ did not impair the proliferation and metabolic activity of the human osteoblasts. Functional demonstrators made of TiNbTa-ATZ provided a maximum bearable extension-flexion moment of 40.7 ± 2.2 Nm. The biomechanical and biological properties of TiNbTa-ATZ demonstrate potential applications for endoprosthetic implants.

Experimental Investigation on Machinability of α/ß Titanium Alloys with Different Microstructures.

In the current study, Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) and Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67) alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The produced samples were then subjected to different heat treatment regimes. The evolved microstructures and their corresponding hardness were investigated. Computerized drilling tests using TiAlN-coated high-speed steel bits were performed to assess the machinability of the prepared specimen regarding cutting force, tool wear, and thickness of the deformed layer. It was observed that Ti64 specimens that were water quenched from either α/ß or ß range contained martensitic phase. In Ti67, samples showed martensite only when water quenched from the ß-phase range (1070 °C). Formation of martensite resulted in higher hardness and hence led to higher cutting forces and increased tool wear during the drilling process. Machined samples with higher hardness formed a thicker subsurface deformation area (white layer) and increased burr heights. Surface roughness in Ti64 workpieces was generally higher compared to Ti67 specimens. The coat of the drilling bit was partially attacked in the as-cast specimens, which was evident by elemental N on the machining chips. The machining tool deteriorated further by increasing the workpiece hardness through martensitic formation, where elements such as Cr, V, Fe, etc. that came from the tool steel were detected.

Microstructural Considerations of a Multi-Pass Rolled Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy.

The microstructural characteristic evolution was investigated during thermomechanical processing of Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr (wt %) alloy, which consisted of, in a first stage, in a Multi-Pass Rolling with increasing thickness reduction of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90%; in step two, the multi-pass rolled sample with the highest thickness reduction (90%) was subjected to a series of three variants of static short recrystallization and then to a final similar aging. The objective was to evaluate the microstructural features evolution during thermomechanical processing (phase's nature, morphology, dimensions, and crystallographic characteristics) and to find the optimal heat treatment variant for refinement of the alloy granulation until ultrafine/nanometric level for a promising combination of mechanical properties. The microstructural features were investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques through which the presence of two phases was recorded: the ß-Ti phase and the α″-Ti martensitic phase. The corresponding cell parameters, dimensions of the coherent crystallite and the micro-deformations at the crystalline network level for both recorded phases were determined. The majority ß-Ti phase underwent a strong refinement during the Multi-Pass Rolling process until ultrafine/nano grain dimension (about 9.8 nm), with subsequent slow growing during recrystallization and aging treatments, hindered by the presence of sub-micron α″-Ti phase dispersed inside ß-Ti grains. An analysis concerning the possible deformation mechanisms was performed.

Effect of anodization on friction behavior of ß­titanium orthodontic archwires.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of anodization on the friction behavior of beta-titanium (ß-Ti) orthodontic archwires in conventional or self-ligating brackets in vitro. METHODS: ß­Ti archwires (0.018â€¯× 0.025 inch) pre- and postanodization were tested in combination with 0.022-inch stainless steel conventional and self-ligating brackets. The surface composition and oxide thickness of the ß­Ti archwires pre- and postanodization were measured using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Detailed surface topography and roughness were assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface topographies of the ß­Ti archwires pre- and postanodization were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Friction was measured using a universal testing machine; the data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Postanodization, the identified titanium oxide layer on the surface of the ß­Ti archwires increased in thickness from 10 to 100 nm; at the same time, the values for surface roughness were significantly reduced by half (p < 0.001). The archwire surfaces post anodization were harder and had fewer scratches after the friction test. Anodization significantly reduced 23.77% of the static (p < 0.01) and 25.61% of the kinetic (p < 0.001) friction of the ß­Ti archwires in conventional brackets, while it significantly reduced 85.71% of the static and 84.38% of the kinetic friction (p < 0.01) in self-ligating brackets. CONCLUSION: Anodization reduced the ß­Ti archwire friction, which was particularly more effective in combination with self-ligating brackets. The friction reduction via anodization could be attributed to the increased thickness, surface hardness, and decreased surface roughness of the titanium oxide layer.

Vertical and Orovestibular Forces Generated by Beta-Titanium and Stainless-Steel Rectangular Wires in Labial and Fully Customized Lingual Bracket Systems.

This study aimed to investigate the force values exerted from rectangular wires when combined with conventional labial and fully customized lingual appliances under predefined, idealized activation. Fully customized lingual brackets of two brands Incognito™ (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and WIN (DW Lingual Systems, Bad Essen, Germany) and labial brackets of another brand, discovery® MIM and discovery® smart systems (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), were chosen. Stainless-steel and beta-titanium wires of 0.018" × 0.025" were examined. For IncognitoTM, 0.0182" × 0.025" beta-titanium wires were tested. Intrusion/extrusion and orovestibular movements were performed in a range of 0.2 mm, and the forces were recorded for each 0.1 mm of the movement. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for all measurements, and ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis. Slight differences were observed between the forces generated from beta-titanium and stainless-steel wires. The same wire generated in some cases 5-53% higher forces with the lingual appliance due to the vertical orientation of the long walls during intrusion/extrusion and increased wire stiffness at the anterior region. Beta-titanium and stainless-steel 0.018" × 0.025" wires can generate similar force values during the final stages of the orthodontic therapy; thus, possibly only one of the two alloys could be used in each orthodontic wire sequence.

Contact Guidance Effect and Prevention of Microfouling on a Beta Titanium Alloy Surface Structured by Electron-Beam Technology.

Nano- and micro-structuring of implantable materials constitute a promising approach to introduce mechanical contact guidance effect, drive cells colonization, as well as to prevent bacteria adhesion and biofilm aggregation, through antifouling topography. Accordingly, this paper aims to extend the application of e-beam surface texturing and nano-structuring to the beta titanium alloys, which are of great interest for biomedical implants because of the low Young modulus and the reduction of the stress shielding effect. The paper shows that surface texturing on the micro-scale (micro-grooves) is functional to a contact guidance effect on gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, nano-structuring, derived from the e-beam surface treatment, is effective to prevent microfouling. In fact, human fibroblasts were cultivated directly onto grooved specimens showing to sense the surface micro-structure thus spreading following the grooves' orientation. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus colonies adhesion was prevented by the nano-topographies in comparison to the mirror-polished control, thus demonstrating promising antifouling properties. Furthermore, the research goes into detail to understand the mechanism of microfouling prevention due to nano-topography and microstructure.

An In Vivo Randomized Clinical Evaluation of the Surface Morphology of Nickel-Titanium, Beta-titanium, and Copper-Nickel-Titanium.

AIM: Variation in the surface roughness of archwires not only leads to more accumulation of plaque but also modifies the coefficient of friction. This necessitated for the present study to evaluate the surface characteristics of 0.016 × 0.022-inch nickel-titanium, beta-titanium, and copper-nickel-titanium archwires, before and after their use in the oral cavity using atomic force microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The control and experimental samples were measured at three different positions under atomic force microscopy. The surface roughness was measured using roughness average, root mean square, and maximum height before and after use in the oral cavity among 60 adult participants. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's t tests using the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS) v.20.0. RESULTS: The surface roughness of archwires increased considerably after their clinical use compared to controls for nickel-titanium (p = 0.013) and beta-titanium (p = 0.002). A similar trend was noticed for root mean square where nickel-titanium (p = 0.014) and beta-titanium (p = 0.013) had increased root mean square. Maximum height was also noticed in nickel-titanium (p = 0.031) and beta-titanium (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Surface roughness and the level of friction of the orthodontic wires increase significantly for nickel-titanium and beta-titanium after the clinical use. There is a difference in increase of surface roughness of the archwire within and between the bracket slots. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nickel-titanium and beta-titanium wires show more roughness and resultant higher friction levels after use in the oral cavity. Hence, care related to plaque accumulation is essential.

In vitro evaluation of a novel nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta alloy for orthopedic applications.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a nanostructured surface created on ß-titanium alloy, Ti-36Nb-6Ta, on the growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials & methods: The nanotubes, with average diameters 18, 36 and 46 nm, were prepared by anodic oxidation. Morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the nanotube layers were characterized. The biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the nanostructured surfaces were established using various in vitro assays, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results: The nanotubes lowered elastic modulus close to that of bone, positively influenced cell adhesion, improved ALP activity, synthesis of type I collagen and osteocalcin expression, but diminished early cell proliferation. Conclusion: Nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta with nanotube diameters 36 nm was the most promising material for bone implantation.

Comparative analysis of corrosion resistance between beta titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The knowledge of the electrochemical property (corrosion resistance) of beta titanium alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4 V for implants is relevant because of the potential cytotoxic effects that the released ions could cause to long-term health. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to seek information on the electrochemical properties (corrosion resistance) of beta titanium alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4 V since the awareness of the electrochemical behavior of the implant surface in the medium is essential for the best indication of the alloys or compositional changes, which may promote benefits to bone-implant interaction in all areas that this procedure is required. METHODS: The PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE Library, and Science Direct databases were electronically searched for the terms: dental implants AND beta-titanium AND Ti-6Al-4 V AND electrochemical technics. The inclusion criteria were research articles that studied beta-titanium compared to Ti-6Al-4 V using electrochemical techniques in electrolytes of chemical composition similar to body fluid, published in English, between 2000 and 2020. Articles that did not compare the corrosion resistance of these alloys in electrolytes similar to body fluids were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 189 articles were restored and selected by title and/or abstract according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which resulted in 15 articles that were reduced to 8 after read in full. The studies in vitro evaluated the corrosion resistance in electrolytes Hank, Ringer, SBF, and 0.9 % NaCl, between beta titanium alloys, obtained by arc fusion or bars stock, and Ti-6Al-4 V, for dental or biomedical implants submitted to surface treatments by heat treatment, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), alkaline treatment, and thermomechanical. CONCLUSION: The evaluated literature allowed to determine that 1) The oxides Nb2O 5, Ta2O 5, and ZrO2 have higher stability and protection quality than that of TiO2 modified by the oxides of Al and V; 2) A higher modulus of elasticity of the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy favors protection against corrosion by maintaining a thicker and more firmly adhered oxide layer; 3) The increase in the thickness of the Ti alloys superficial layer contributes to the improvement of the corrosion resistance.

Evaluating the effect of clinical usage and autoclave sterilization on the load deflection properties of three different orthodontic wires: Ex-vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intraoral aging and sterilization on the physical properties of rectangular Nickel-Titanium (NiTi), Beta-Titanium and Cooper NiTi (Cu-NiTi) arch wires. METHODS: Three types of preformed 0.018×0.025 inch wires: super elastic NiTi wire, Beta-Titanium wire and Cu-NiTi wire (20 of each type) were divided into 4 groups: as-received (T0), autoclave (T1), intra oral aging after sterilization (T2) and intra oral aging (T3). Specimens in T2 and T3 groups were used in oral environment of 30 participants for 8 weeks. In the next step a length of 30mm was cut from both ends of each arch wire, and 120 straight specimens were achieved and tested by Instron for evaluating their load deflection properties. Data were analysed by means of One-way ANOVA and Tukey's (honestly significant difference) HSD tests. RESULTS: In NiTi wire, all conditions led to a significant decrease in deactivation mean load compared with control in most deflections (P=0.000). In Cu-NiTi wire, all conditions led also to a significant decrease in deactivation mean load compared with the control (P=0.000). In Beta-Titanium wire, sterilization had no significant effect on the load deflection properties; but significant increase was observed in T2 (in all deflections) and T3 (in 1.8-1mm) compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS: After all conditions, NiTi wire in spite of reduction in stiffness presented a mean load which stayed in category of heavy force. The Cu-NiTi wires saw an improvement in light physiologic force. In contrast, the Beta-Titanium stiffness increased after clinical usage, and the force level remained in the range of heavy force.

Effect of oral environment and prescribed fluoride mouthwashes on different types of TMA wires - An in-vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoral conditions and fluoride mouthwashes on mechanical properties and surface characteristics of different types of titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of TMA wires of dimension 0.017" × 0.025" [1. Standard TMA (TMA), 2. ion-implanted, low-friction TMA (LF) and 3. Colored, Honey Dew TMA (HD)] were tested in three conditions as three groups; A) Control (as received), B) No fluoride (following intraoral use without fluoride) and C) Fluoride (following intraoral use with fluoride rinses). Surface roughness was evaluated using 3D Optical Profilometer. Three point bending tests were done to evaluate load deflection characteristics (LDR), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and Young's modulus (E). Statistical evaluation was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni multiple comparison, and paired t-tests. RESULTS: Control group TMA exhibited significantly higher surface roughness, peak height, and LDR as well as lower UTS and E when compared to LF and HD (P < 0.001). In nonfluoride group, the surface roughness and LDR increased significantly for all three types of wires (P < 0.001). The UTS and E showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001). Additional use of fluoride mouthwashes (fluoride group) further increased surface roughness and LDR and decreased the UTS and E (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The ion-implanted LF/HD varieties had better surface smoothness, lower LDR, higher UTS, and higher E than standard TMA in the control group, pointing towards a better efficiency of these wires. Intraoral conditions significantly increased surface roughness and deteriorated mechanical properties of all types of TMA wires. With the use of daily fluoride mouthwashes, the deterioration was much worse.

Comparison of the Microstructure and Biocorrosion Properties of Additively Manufactured and Conventionally Fabricated near ß Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn Alloy.

The microstructure and biodegradability of a near ß Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn alloy produced by laser engineered net shaping have been compared to those of alloys produced via casting and cold rolling in order to identify the key effects of processing pathways on the development of microstructure and biocorrosion properties. Results confirm the significant influence of processing technique on microstructure and concomitant biocompatibility of the alloy. Tests using mesenchymal stem cells confirm the ability of the additively manufactured alloy to support cell adhesion and spreading.

A novel ß-titanium alloy orthodontic wire.

This literature review investigated a recently developed orthodontic wire composed of a ß-titanium alloy known as "Gum Metal" and compared its properties with those of conventional wires. The attractive properties of Gum Metal include an ultra-low Young's modulus, non-linear elastic behavior, ultra-high strength, high yield strain, high ductility, and superplastic deformability without work hardening at room temperature. The unique multifunctional characteristics of this new orthodontic wire make it almost ideal for orthodontic applications. The results of this literature review indicate the strong potential use of Gum Metal wire for improving and enhancing the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.

Evaluation of the mechanical properties and surface topography of as-received, immersed and as-retrieved orthodontic archwires.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This experimental study mainly aims at comparing the most important mechanical properties of the new orthodontic archwires, those immersed in fluorinated solution, the as-retrieved ones and the intra-oral used ones. METHODS: A total of 270 arch wires were tested, using tensile testing and three-point bending tests. The tested archwires were made of Stainless Steel, Nickel Titanium, Beta-Titanium and physiognomic covered Nickel Titanium. The tested archwires were subjected to three types of treatments: immersion into fluorinated solution, immersion into carbonated drinks and intra-oral use. RESULTS: The immersion caused variations of the activation and deactivation forces of all arch wires. The most affected arch wires, in terms of bending characteristics, were the intra-oral used ones. CONCLUSIONS: The alteration of mechanical properties of the orthodontic arch wires by their immersion into fluorinated solutions and soft drinks could not be statistically demonstrated.

An in vitro Evaluation of Friction Characteristics of Conventional Stainless Steel and Self-ligating Stainless Steel Brackets with different Dimensions of Archwires in Various Bracket-archwire Combination.

AIM: The purpose of this research is to compare the frictional attributes of stainless steel conventional brackets and self-ligating stainless steel brackets with different dimensions of archwires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The test was carried with two sets of maxillary brackets: (1) Conventional stainless steel (Victory Series), (2) stainless steel self-ligating (SmartClip) without first premolar brackets. Stainless steel, nickel-titanium (NiTi), and beta-Ti which are the types of orthodontic wire alloys were tested in this study. To monitor the frictional force, a universal testing machine (Instron 33R 4467) that comprises 10 kg tension load cell was assigned on a range of 1 kg and determined from 0 to 2 kg, which allows moving of an archwire along the brackets. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the difference between groups. To analyze the statistical difference between the two groups, Student's t-test was used. RESULTS: For Victory Series in static friction, p-value was 0.946 and for kinetic friction it was 0.944; at the same time for SmartClip, the p value for static and kinetic frictional resistance was 0.497 and 0.518 respectively. Hence, there was no statistically significant difference between the NiTi and stainless steel archwires. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that when compared with conventional brackets with stainless steel ligatures, self-ligating brackets can produce significantly less friction during sliding. Beta-Ti archwires expressed high amount of frictional resistance and the stainless steel archwires comprise low frictional resistance among all the archwire materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In orthodontics, frictional resistance has always had a major role. Its ability to impair tooth movement leads to the need for higher forces to move the teeth and it extends the treatment time which results in loss of posterior anchorage. Friction in orthodontics is related with sliding mechanics when a wire is moving through one or a series of bracket slots.

The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of powder metallurgy processed Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.5O alloy.

Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.5O (wt%) alloy was prepared via a powder metallurgy process (cold isostatic pressing of blended elemental powders and subsequent sintering) with the primary aim of using it as a material for bio-applications. Sintered specimens were swaged and subsequently the influence of annealing temperature on the mechanical and structural properties was studied. Specimens were annealed at 800, 850, 900, 950, and 1000°C for 0.5h and water quenched. Significant changes in microstructure (i.e. precipitate dissolution or grain coarsening) were observed in relation to increasing annealing temperature. In correlation with those changes, the mechanical properties were also studied. The ultimate tensile strength increased from 925MPa (specimen annealed at 800°C) to 990MPa (900°C). Also the elongation increased from ~ 13% (800°C) to more than 20% (900, 950, and 1000°C).

Synthesis and characterization of Ti-27.5Nb alloy made by CLAD® additive manufacturing process for biomedical applications.

Biocompatible beta-titanium alloys such as Ti-27.5(at.%)Nb are good candidates for implantology and arthroplasty applications as their particular mechanical properties, including low Young's modulus, could significantly reduce the stress-shielding phenomenon usually occurring after surgery. The CLAD® process is a powder blown additive manufacturing process that allows the manufacture of patient specific (i.e. custom) implants. Thus, the use of Ti-27.5(at.%)Nb alloy formed by CLAD® process for biomedical applications as a mean to increase cytocompatibility and mechanical biocompatibility was investigated in this study. The microstructural properties of the CLAD-deposited alloy were studied with optical microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The conservation of the mechanical properties of the Ti-27.5Nb material after the transformation steps (ingot-powder atomisation-CLAD) were verified with tensile tests and appear to remain close to those of reference material. Cytocompatibility of the material and subsequent cell viability tests showed that no cytotoxic elements are released in the medium and that viable cells proliferated well.

Mechanical stability of custom-made implants: Numerical study of anatomical device and low elastic Young's modulus alloy.

The advent of new manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing deeply impacts the approach for the design of medical devices. It is now possible to design custom-made implants based on medical imaging, with complex anatomic shape, and to manufacture them. In this study, two geometrical configurations of implant devices are studied, standard and anatomical. The comparison highlights the drawbacks of the standard configuration, which requires specific forming by plastic strain in order to be adapted to the patient's morphology and induces stress field in bones without mechanical load in the implant. The influence of low elastic modulus of the materials on stress distribution is investigated. Two biocompatible alloys having the ability to be used with SLM additive manufacturing are considered, commercial Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-26Nb. It is shown that beyond the geometrical aspect, mechanical compatibility between implants and bones can be significantly improved with the modulus of Ti-26Nb implants compared with the Ti-6Al-4V.