Comparative efficiency of native and non-native starter culture in the production of bio-silage using composite waste from fish and vegetables.

The efficiency of native and non-native starter cultures in the production of bio-silage using composite waste from fish and vegetables was studied. An ensilage experiment was conducted in a natural way (without starter culture) of composite waste (fish to vegetable at 80 to 20%) to isolate the native fermentative microflora. An Enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from the natural ensilage of composite waste showed higher efficiency over other commercial LAB strains generally used for ensilation. A total of 60 isolates were screened and characterized biochemically from ensilaged composite waste. Among them, 12 proteolytic and lipolytic positive isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, based on a BLAST search of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Subsequently, composite bio-silage was prepared by inoculating starter cultures with three (3) treatments T1 (native-Enterococcus faecalis), T2 (non-native-Lactobacillus acidophilus), T3 (a mixture of E. faecalis and L. acidophilus) and compared with control (composite bio-silage without starter culture). The highest non-protein nitrogen (0.78 ± 0.01 mg of N /100 g) and degree of hydrolysis (70.00 ± 0.06% of protein/100 g) was seen in the T3 sample, and the lowest (0.67 ± 0.02 mg of N/100 g and 50.40 ± 0.04% of protein/100 g) was seen in the control. At the end of ensilation, the pH fell (5.95-3.88) in conjunction with the formation of lactic acid (0.23-2.05 g of lactic acid/100 g), and the lactic acid bacteria count nearly doubled (log 5.60-10.60). The lipid peroxidation products PV (0.11-0.41 milli equivalent of oxygen/kg of fat) and TBARs (1.64-6.95 mg of malonaldehyde/kg of silage) were changed within a reasonable range in the following pattern Control > T2 > T3 > T1, which led to oxidatively stable products. The findings revealed that native starter culture E. faecalis, which can be employed as a single or in combination with non-native L. acidophilus, performed better in the bio-ensilation process. Additionally, the finished composite bio-silage can be used as a novel, protein-carbohydrate rich feed component to help manage wastes from both sectors.

Preparation of biological fish silage and its effect on the performance and meat quality characteristics of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The aim of the present study was to produce fish silage by lactic acid fermentation and evaluate its use in feeding of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). An oven-dried mixture of fish silage and soybean meal (1:1 w/w) was used to prepare the diets with different levels of inclusion (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and evaluate its effect on the performance and meat quality of 160 quails. The inclusion level did not affect the growth and feed conversion ratio. The carcass yield (70.3%) and sensory quality of breast meat were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). However, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (C18:1n9C), linoleic (C18:2n6C), linolenic (C18:3n3), arachidonic (C20:4n6), cis eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n3) and cis docosahexaenoic (C22:6n3) increased in quail breast meat with the inclusion of fish silage:soybean mixture in the diet (p<0.05). Fish silage and its use in quail diets could offer a good alternative for fish waste utilization as feedstuff component for the improvement of fatty acid composition in its breast meat.

Produção, caracterização e avaliação biológica de silagens de resíduos de camarão para tilápia-do-nilo / Production, characterization and biological evaluation of shrimp waste silage for Nile tilapia

Elaboraram-se e caracterizaram-se nutricionalmente dois tipos de silagens fermentadas de resíduos de camarão-sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), alterando-se as fontes de carboidratos. As silagens foram formuladas com resíduo de camarão, 15 por cento de carboidrato -melaço de cana-de-açúcar (SM) ou varredura da farinha láctea (SF)-, 10 por cento de iogurte, 0,25 por cento de ácido sórbico e 1 por cento de ácido fórmico. Cada silagem foi caracterizada durante a estocagem, por 120 dias, quanto à composição centesimal, nitrogênio não protéico e todas comparadas por meio do teste de digestibilidade in vivo com juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo. Após o 30º dia de estocagem, observou-se que a SM apresentou maior (P<0,05) teor de cinzas (SM= 34,97g.100g-1 e SF= 30,92g.100g-1) e menor teor de matéria seca (SM= 20,02g.100g-1 e SF= 21,11g.100g-1). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) e a proteína digestível não diferiram entre os tratamentos (P>0,05), mas observou-se alta digestibilidade nas dietas (CDA SM= 78,2 por cento e CDA SF= 73,1 por cento). Independente da fonte de carboidrato, as silagens elaboradas com resíduos de camarão-sete-barbas mantiveram-se estáveis durante 120 dias e podem ser utilizadas como ingrediente de rações para a tilápia-do-nilo

Two types of fermented shrimp waste silage (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) were elaborated and characterized, alternating the sources of carbohydrates. The silages were elaborated with shrimp waste, 15 percent of carbohydrate - sugar cane molasses (SM) or "Farine Lactée" (SF) -, 10 percent of yogurt, 0.25 percent of sorbic acid, and 1 percent of formic acid. Each silage was characterized during storage for 120 days on proximate composition and non protein nitrogen, besides nutritionally compared by digestibility trials to Nile tilapia juveniles. After the 30th storage day, it was observed that SM presented higher ashes content (SM= 34.97g.100g-1 and SF= 30.92g.100g-1) and lower dry matter content (SM= 20.02g.100g-1, SF= 21.11g.100g-1). The apparent digestibility (ADC) and digestible protein coefficients did not vary between trials (P>0.05), but higher digestibility in the diets (ADC SM= 78.2 percent, ADC SF= 73.1 percent) was observed. No matter which carbohydrate source used, silage made from shrimp waste remained stable for 120 days and may be used in diets to Nile tilapia