RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Root biomodifiers are used to remove the smear layer formed on the roots as a result of mechanical debridement and also to expose collagen fibers making the root surfaces biologically acceptable. Further, the blood element linkage to demineralized roots and clot stabilization by collagen fibres are vital for the wound healing and success of periodontal surgery. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the distribution of fibrin network to dentin surfaces conditioned with citric acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty human dentin blocks (4 mm x 3 mm x 1 mm) were prepared and equally divided into three groups. The control Group A specimens were treated with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). The study Group B and C specimens were treated with citric Acid and EDTA respectively. After conditioning, a drop of fresh human whole blood was placed on the dentin specimens and was allowed to clot. The specimens were then processed using standardized protocol for SEM. The dentin surfaces were then analysed for fibrin network linkage under SEM and scored according to the degree of fibrin linkage to the dentin surface. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test to compare the score values between the study groups. Pairwise comparison between the study groups was done using Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: The fibrin network formed on the dentin network were analysed and scores were given. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. It was found that most of the dentin specimens conditioned with citric acid and covered with human blood exhibited dense fibrin network compared to EDTA. However, statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences found between the groups (p=0.35). CONCLUSION: Citric acid and EDTA has almost comparable effect in promoting the adhesion of fibrin network onto the dentin surface which may further enhance connective tissue attachment to the root surface.
RESUMO
Antecedentes: El éxito del tratamiento endodóntico depende de una óptima preparación biomecánica, la cual incluye la remoción del barro dentinario que se forma durante la instrumentación del conducto. Esta capa se adhiere a la superficie de la dentina, ocluye los túbulos dentinarios e impide la adhesión del material obturador. Debe ser removido por soluciones irrigadoras que causan cambios en la superficie dentinaria. Se han utilizado ácido etilendiaminotetracético (EDTA), ácido cítrico y tetraciclina como irrigantes. Objetivo: Identificar los cambios producidos en la dentina al aplicar EDTA, ácido cítrico y tetraciclina como agentes irrigadores, descritos en la literatura disponible. Métodos: En esta revisión sistemática se estudiaron los diferentes cambios histomorfométricos encontrados al utilizar biomodificadores radiculares sobre la estructura dentinaria, teniendo en cuenta el tiempo de aplicación y la concentración de las soluciones. La muestra consistió en 20 artículos seleccionados de 889 revisados, publicados entre 2009 y 2016. La medida global del resultado fue la diferencia estándar de la profundidad de desmineralización dentinaria, obtenida por los acondicionadores empleados. Resultados: De acuerdo con la literatura, la profundidad de desmineralización es directamente proporcional al tiempo de exposición y concentración de la solución después de su aplicación. Para otras variables, como el pH, no se contó con evidencia suficiente para hacer inferencias. Así, se sugiere que no existen las pruebas científicas suficientes para respaldar este tipo de estudio. Conclusiones: Los cambios que se presentan en la dentina al utilizar biomodificadores radiculares dependen del tiempo de aplicación y de su concentración.
Background: The success of endodontic therapy depends on an optimal biomechanical preparation, which includes removal of smear layer formed during root canal preparation. Smear layer adheres to the dentin surface and occludes the tubules, preventing the adhesion of the sealant material. It must be removed through irrigants that cause changes on the dentinal surface. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and tetracycline have been used as irrigants. Purpose: To identify changes in dentine after applying EDTA, citric acid, and tetracycline as irrigants, as described in available literature. Methods: In this systematic review, histomorphometric changes in dentin surface observed after using root biomodifiers, regarding application time and concentration of solution. The sample consisted of 20 articles selected from a population of 889 articles found and published between 2009 and 2016. The overall measure of results was the standard difference of dentinal demineralization depth, obtained for each solution. Results: According to the literature, the depth of demineralization is directly proportional to exposition time and concentration after application of the irrigant. Regarding other variables, such as pH, evidence was limited to draw conclusions. Thus, it is suggested there is not enough scientific evidence to support this type of study. Conclusions: Dentinal changes that occur after using root biomodifiers depend on the length of the application time and its concentration.
