Saccharomyces boulardii and bismuth subsalicylate as low-cost interventions to reduce the duration and severity of cholera.

We conducted a randomised single-blinded clinical trial of 100 cholera patients in Port-au-Prince, Haiti to determine if the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and the anti-diarrhoeal drug bismuth subsalicylate (BS) were able to reduce the duration and severity of cholera. Subjects received either: S. boulardii 250 mg, S. boulardii 250 mg capsule plus BS 524 mg tablet, BS 524 mg, or two placebo capsules every 6 hours alongside standard treatment for cholera. The length of hospitalisation plus the number and volume of emesis, stool and urine were recorded every 6 hours until the study subject was discharged (n = 83), left against medical advice (n = 11), or requested removal from the study (n = 6). There were no reported deaths or adverse study-related events. There were no statistically significant differences between the study arms and the outcomes of interest.

Bismuth subsalicylate as filler particle for an experimental epoxy-based root canal sealer

AIM: To evaluate the influence of bismuth subsalicylate addition in different concentrations on theproperties ofan experimental epoxy-based root canal sealer. METHODS: Bismuth subsalicylate in 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120 wt% was added tothe sealer. Flow, film thickness, working time, setting time, dimensional change, sorption, solubility and cytotoxicity were evaluated according to ISO standard. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey'stest with a significance level of 5% for all tests. RESULTS:The flow, working and setting times significantly decreased withincreasing particle concentration. The film thickness, dimensional change, water sorption and solubility values significantly increased with higher particle amount. The results for cytotoxicity showed no statistically significant differences among the particle proportions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the addition up to 80% wt of bismuth subsalicylate appears to be a promising filler particle to root canal sealer development.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de um cimento endodôntico experimental a base de resina epóxica com adição de sais de bismuto / Development and caracterization of an experimental epoxy based endodontic filler with bismuth salts

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar um cimento endodôntico experimental a base de resina epóxica com a adição de diferentes proporções de três sais de bismuto, seguindo os requisitos das normas ISO 6876 e ISO 4049 em busca da composição que atendesse estas normas. Para isto, foram formulados dezoito grupos com resina epóxica e adição de 20%; 40%; 60%; 80%; 100% e 120% em massa de três diferentes sais de bismuto. Foram realizados ensaios de escoamento, tempo de trabalho, tempo de presa, espessura de película, alteração dimensional, sorção e solubilidade, radiopacidade e citotoxicidade. Os resultados foram comparados com requisitos das normas ISO 6876 e 4049 e submetidos a ANOVA de duas vias (tipo de carga e concentração) e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Os cimentos com subnitrato e subcarbonato de bismuto demonstram-se promissores, com especial destaque às formulações contendo subnitrato de bismuto por apresentarem resultados superiores. A adição de carga a partir de 80% conferiu radiopacidade satisfatória para os cimentos com subnitrato e subcarbonato de bismuto. Para os cimentos com subsalicilato de bismuto a única concentração que atendeu à norma foi de 120%. No ensaio de citotoxicidade nenhuma das formulações apresentou diferença estatística significativa quando comparado ao controle. Conclui-se que o subnitrato de bismuto e subcarbonato de bismuto apresentam características para utilização como carga e radiopacificante em cimentos endodônticos a base de resina epóxica.

The aim of this study was the development and evaluating of an experimental endodontic sealer epoxy based after addition of three different bismuth salts, according to the requirements of ISO 6876 and 4049 searching for the composition with better performance. Eighteen groups were formulated with the inclusion of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% of three different bismuth salts, by weight, on epoxy resin. Then, flow tests, working time, setting time, film thickness, dimensional change, sorption and solubility, radiopacity and cytotoxicity were performed. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (type of filler and concentration) and Tukey at a level of significance of 5%. The formulations with bismuth subsalicylate did not show suitable properties. However, cements with bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate shown to be promising, particularly with regard to formulations containing bismuth subnitrate, wich presented superior results. The addition of 80% salt generated satisfactory radiopacity to subcarbonate and bismuth subnitrate sealers, bismuth subsalicylate had only reached satisfatory radiopacity at 120%. In the cytotoxicity assay none of the formulations showed statistical significance when compared to control. It is concluded that the formulations containing bismuth subnitrate and bismuth subcarbonate have potential use as filler in endodontic sealers.