Anthocyanin-rich extract from black beans exerts anti-diabetic effects in rats through a multi-genomic mode of action in adipose tissue.

Black beans (BB) are an important source of a range of plant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins. Several studies support that consumption of BB is associated with health benefits, including prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, molecular mechanisms underlying the potential health properties of BB on adipose tissue (AT) are still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate multi-genomic effects of BB intake and identify regulatory networks potentially mediating T2DM on AT. Male Wistar diabetic rats consumed an anthocyanin-rich black bean extract for 5 weeks. Global gene expression from AT, protein coding and non-coding RNA profiles were determined using RNAseq. Biological function analyses were performed using a variety of bioinformatic tools. The evaluation of global gene expression profiles exhibited significant change following BB consumption with 406 significantly differentially expressed genes, 33 miRNA and 39 lncRNA and 3 snRNA. Functional analyses indicated that these genes play an important role in regulation of PI3K signaling, NIN/NF-kB signaling, insulin secretion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) organization. Interestingly, transcription factors such as GATA2, or POU2AF1 demonstrated to modulate their activity by BB extract by direct interaction with polyphenol metabolites, or by interactions with cell signaling proteins, like PKB, AKT or PI3K, that could control transcription factor activity and as a result impact on adipogenesis regulation. Therefore, the constant consumption of an anthocyanin-rich black bean extract may have anti-diabetic protective effects by modulating gene expression, resulting in a promising alternative for T2DM patients.

Effect of Instant Controlled Pressure-Drop on the Non-Nutritional Compounds of Seeds and Sprouts of Common Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

The common bean is an important caloric-protein food source. However, its nutritional value may be affected by the presence of non-nutritional compounds, which decrease the assimilation of some nutrients; however, at low concentrations, they show a beneficial effect. Germination and treatment by controlled pressure-drop (DIC, French acronym of Détente Instantanée Contrôlée) are methods that modify the concentration of these components. The objective of this work was to evaluate the change in the non-nutritional composition of bean seeds and sprouts by DIC treatment. The results show that with the germination, the concentration of phenolic and tannin compounds increased 99% and 73%, respectively, as well as the quantity of saponins (65.7%), while phytates and trypsin inhibitors decreased 26% and 42%, respectively. When applying the DIC treatment, the content of phytates (23-29%), saponins (44%) and oligosaccharides increased in bean sprouts and decreased phenolic compounds (4-14%), tannins (23% to 72%), and trypsin inhibitors (95.5%), according to the pressure and time conditions applied. This technology opens the way to new perspectives, especially to more effective use of legumes as a source of vegetable protein or bioactive compounds.

Efecto del consumo de dietas con avena y caraotas negras sobre el perfil lipídico en un modelo experimental en rata / Effect of consumption of diets with oats and black beans on the lipid profile of an experimental model in rat

El consumo de alimentos ricos en fibra dietética (FD) soluble e insoluble, afecta favorablemente el perfil de lípidos séricos al reducir las concentraciones de colesterol total, colesterol- LDL y triglicéridos (TG). El objetivo de este trabajo, fue comparar el efecto del consumo de dietas con avena (Avena sa tiva) y con caraotas negras (Phaseolus vulgaris ) sobre el perfil lipídico de ratas. Quince ratas machos, cepa Sprague Dawley, fueron alimentadas ad libitum por 18 días, con tres tipos de dietas: un con trol, una conteniendo caraotas negras (15% p/p) y otra con avena (15% p/p). La concentración del colesterol total sérico disminuyo 50,56% en el grupo alimentado con avena y 40,52% en el alimentado con caraotas. Así mismo, se observó una disminución de colesterol-LDL de 49,21% en el grupo alimentado con avena y un 42,93% en el grupo alimentado con caraotas. Hubo una reducción de 52,47% del colesterol-HDL en el grupo alimentado con avena y 31,29% para el grupo alimentado con caraotas; esta reducción no es beneficiosa. La concentración de TG séricos fue significativamente menor, un 50,20% para el grupo alimentado con avena y de 51,8% para el grupo alimentado con caraota. La disminución de los lípidos séricos debido a la dieta, con avena o con caraotas, mostró diferencias significativas respecto al control, pero, no entre ellas. La consideración de estos resultados en el caso de la salud humana es bien importante, particularmente en la disminución de la prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares. El efecto de FD sobre los niveles de colesterol-HDL, son hasta los momentos, contradictorios.

The consumption of foods rich in soluble and insoluble dietary fiber (DF) favorably affects the serum lipid profile by lowering total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). The objective of this work was to compare the effect of consumption of diets with oats (Avena sativa) and black beans (Pha seo lus vulgaris) on the lipid profile of rats. Fifteen male rats, Spra gue Dawley strain were fed ad libitum for 18 days, with three different diets: a control, one containing black beans (15% w / w) and another with oats (15% w / w). The serum total cholesterol concentration decreased 50.56% in the group fed with oats and 40.52% in the group fed with beans. Also a de crease of LDL-cholesterol 49.21% in the group fed with oats and 42.93% in the group fed with beans was observed. There was 52.47% reduction of HDLcho lesterol in the group fed with oats and 31.29% for the group fed with beans, this is not a be neficial reduction. The serum TG concentration was significantly lower, 50.20% for the group fed with oats and 51.8% for the group fed with beans. The decrease of these lipids due to diet containing oats or beans, was significantly different from control but not between them. Consideration of these results for human health is very important, particularly in reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The FD effect on HDL-cholesterol levels, are until now contradictory.

as leguminosas, una fuente importante de fibra alimentaria: Una visión en Venezuela / Legumes, an important source of dietary fiber: A vision in Venezuela

La fibra dietética o alimentaría es un término genérico que cubre una amplia variedad de sustancias químicas, con diferentes propiedades y efectos fisiológicos. Química mente, la fibra dietética es una sustancia perteneciente a la familia de los carbohidratos. En los últimos 40 años, ha tenido un creciente interés en el campo de la salud y nutrición humana. En general, la fibra alimentaría la encontramos en los productos alimenticios de origen vegetal. Un buen ejemplo de ello son las leguminosas de grano. Las leguminosas, a través de la historia, siempre han sido un recurso alimenticio de gran importancia para la alimentación humana. Representan, por un lado, una fuente barata de proteínas y, por el otro, un suministro de fibra dietética a la dieta. El presente artículo, fue enfocado a revisar y recopilar los mayores trabajos realizados sobre la determinación y cuantificación de la fibra alimentaría en algunos alimentos, principalmente en leguminosas venezolanas.

The dietary fiber or alimentary fiber, it is a generic term which covers a wide variety of chemical substances, with different properties and physiological effects. Chemically, the dietary fiber is a substance belonging to the family of the carbohydrates. In the last 40 years it has had increasing interest in the field of health and human nutrition. In general, we find the alimentary fiber in the food products from vegetable. A good example of it, are the legume seeds. The legume seeds across the history, have been a food resource of great importance for human nutrition. On the one hand, a cheap source of proteins and on the other one, an additional supply of fiber to the diet. The present article, was focused to review and to collect the most realised works for the determination and quantification of alimentary fiber in of the mainly Venezuelan legumes seeds.

Concentração e acumulação de nitrogénio, fósforo e potássio pelo feijoeiro cultivado sob diferentes níveis de irrigação / Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and accumulation by black beans under several irrigation levels

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a concentração e acumulação de N, P e K no feijoeiro (cv. BR Ipagro 1 "macanudo") cultivado sob diferentes níveis de irrigação: Sem irrigação (SI); irrigação ao ser atingida a tensão matricial de 80kPa (I-80kPa) e; a 40 kPa (I-40kPa). Os resultados obtidos no florescimento indicam que a concentração de N (3,72%) não variou em relação aos níveis de irrigação utilizados. Para o P, diferiu entre o SI (0,23%) e os irrigados (0,30%). Para o K, diferiu entre o SI (0,73%) e o l-40kPa (1,16%). Na maturação fisiológica, a concentração de N nos grãos variou e apresentou média de 3,47%. Entretanto, para P (0,54%) e K (0,89%) não variou. As quantidades totais de N, P e K acumuladas diferiram entre o tratamento SI e os tratamentos irrigados e apresentaram médias de 62,4 e I23,8kg de N/ha, 8 e 18,8kg de P/ha e 23,7 e 50,7kg de K/ha, respectivamente, para SI e irrigados.

This study was carried out with the objective to determine NPK concentration and accumulation of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., BR Ipagro 1 "macanudo" varie ty) cultivated under different sprinkling irrigation levels. The three irrigation levels were: without irrigation (Wl), irrigation when matric potential reached 80kPa (I-80kPa) and 40kPa (I-40kPa). The results of the flowering sampling indicated that the N concentration (3.72%) was not affected by irrigation levels. Leaf concentration of P in the leaves were different between WI (0.23%) and the irrigated treatments (0.30%). In the maturity stage the N grains concentration changed with irrigation and presented average values of 3.47%. However. P (0.54%) and K (0.89%) grains concentrations were similar. The whole amount of NPK accumulated was different for WI and irrigated treatments. The average values of 62.4 and 123.8kg of N/ha, 8 and 18.8kg of P/ha and 23.7 and 50.7kg of K/ha, were observed for WI and irrigated treatments, respectively.

Concentração e acumulação de nitrogénio, fósforo e potássio pelo feijoeiro cultivado sob diferentes níveis de irrigação

This study was carried out with the objective to determine NPK concentration and accumulation of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., BR Ipagro 1 "macanudo" varie ty) cultivated under different sprinkling irrigation levels. The three irrigation levels were: without irrigation (Wl), irrigation when matric potential reached 80kPa (I-80kPa) and 40kPa (I-40kPa). The results of the flowering sampling indicated that the N concentration (3.72%) was not affected by irrigation levels. Leaf concentration of P in the leaves were different between WI (0.23%) and the irrigated treatments (0.30%). In the maturity stage the N grains concentration changed with irrigation and presented average values of 3.47%. However. P (0.54%) and K (0.89%) grains concentrations were similar. The whole amount of NPK accumulated was different for WI and irrigated treatments. The average values of 62.4 and 123.8kg of N/ha, 8 and 18.8kg of P/ha and 23.7 and 50.7kg of K/ha, were observed for WI and irrigated treatments, respectively.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a concentração e acumulação de N, P e K no feijoeiro (cv. BR Ipagro 1 "macanudo") cultivado sob diferentes níveis de irrigação: Sem irrigação (SI); irrigação ao ser atingida a tensão matricial de 80kPa (I-80kPa) e; a 40 kPa (I-40kPa). Os resultados obtidos no florescimento indicam que a concentração de N (3,72%) não variou em relação aos níveis de irrigação utilizados. Para o P, diferiu entre o SI (0,23%) e os irrigados (0,30%). Para o K, diferiu entre o SI (0,73%) e o l-40kPa (1,16%). Na maturação fisiológica, a concentração de N nos grãos variou e apresentou média de 3,47%. Entretanto, para P (0,54%) e K (0,89%) não variou. As quantidades totais de N, P e K acumuladas diferiram entre o tratamento SI e os tratamentos irrigados e apresentaram médias de 62,4 e I23,8kg de N/ha, 8 e 18,8kg de P/ha e 23,7 e 50,7kg de K/ha, respectivamente, para SI e irrigados.

Concentração e acumulação de nitrogénio, fósforo e potássio pelo feijoeiro cultivado sob diferentes níveis de irrigação

This study was carried out with the objective to determine NPK concentration and accumulation of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., BR Ipagro 1 "macanudo" varie ty) cultivated under different sprinkling irrigation levels. The three irrigation levels were: without irrigation (Wl), irrigation when matric potential reached 80kPa (I-80kPa) and 40kPa (I-40kPa). The results of the flowering sampling indicated that the N concentration (3.72%) was not affected by irrigation levels. Leaf concentration of P in the leaves were different between WI (0.23%) and the irrigated treatments (0.30%). In the maturity stage the N grains concentration changed with irrigation and presented average values of 3.47%. However. P (0.54%) and K (0.89%) grains concentrations were similar. The whole amount of NPK accumulated was different for WI and irrigated treatments. The average values of 62.4 and 123.8kg of N/ha, 8 and 18.8kg of P/ha and 23.7 and 50.7kg of K/ha, were observed for WI and irrigated treatments, respectively.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a concentração e acumulação de N, P e K no feijoeiro (cv. BR Ipagro 1 "macanudo") cultivado sob diferentes níveis de irrigação: Sem irrigação (SI); irrigação ao ser atingida a tensão matricial de 80kPa (I-80kPa) e; a 40 kPa (I-40kPa). Os resultados obtidos no florescimento indicam que a concentração de N (3,72%) não variou em relação aos níveis de irrigação utilizados. Para o P, diferiu entre o SI (0,23%) e os irrigados (0,30%). Para o K, diferiu entre o SI (0,73%) e o l-40kPa (1,16%). Na maturação fisiológica, a concentração de N nos grãos variou e apresentou média de 3,47%. Entretanto, para P (0,54%) e K (0,89%) não variou. As quantidades totais de N, P e K acumuladas diferiram entre o tratamento SI e os tratamentos irrigados e apresentaram médias de 62,4 e I23,8kg de N/ha, 8 e 18,8kg de P/ha e 23,7 e 50,7kg de K/ha, respectivamente, para SI e irrigados.