The original scores of traditional Chinese medicine constitutions are risk and diagnostic factors in middle-aged and older adults with sarcopenia.

Objective: Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that occurs with age and is characterized by a gradual decline in muscle mass, power, and functionality. It serves as a prominent contributor to frailty, disability, and mortality among older individuals. Currently, no standardized global guidelines exist for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to establish the correlation between sarcopenia and the constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), considering the connection between physical functioning and sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 1441 participants in this study were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) proposed a sarcopenia definition algorithm. To determine the constitution of each participant, classification and determination standards were used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study evaluated the demographics, lifestyles, and self-reported medical history of individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia through a self-administered questionnaire. The constitution of the participants was determined using TCM classification and determination standards. Subsequently, we analyzed the results of univariate analysis and multivariate regression and constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Participants who were diagnosed with sarcopenia had substantially lower original Neutral constitution scores (P < 0.050). In comparison to those without sarcopenia, individuals with sarcopenia exhibited notably elevated original Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency, Blood-stagnation, and Qi-stagnation scores in contrast to those in the healthy group (P < 0.050). The identified risk factors associated with sarcopenia included the following: Neutral (OR = 0.903), Qi-deficiency (in males, OR = 1.126), Yang-deficiency (OR = 1.062), Phlegm-dampness (in males, OR = 0.833), and Blood-stagnation (in females, OR = 1.089). The highest area under the curve (AUC) was observed for the original neutral constitution score, followed by the Yang-deficiency and blood-stagnation scores (0.644, 0.613, and 0.611, respectively). Additionally, the AUC for the combined original scores of all nine constitutions among males reached 0.778. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study of older people with higher original Qi-deficiency, Yin deficiency, Yang-deficiency, Blood-stagnation, and Qi-stagnation were associated with sarcopenia. Notably, various TCM constitutions are significantly linked to sarcopenia. There was a significant occurrence of various body constitution types among individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia. The mixture of the nine original constitution scores exhibited good diagnostic performance for sarcopenia in males.

Development and implications of physical fitness assessment for children and adolescents in Japan / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#To help children and adolescents grow up healthily, using literature, comparative analysis and other research methods, the historical development of Japan s physical fitness assessment system for children and adolescents are analyzed for the content structure of the latest version of its physical fitness assessment system (Sports adaptability assessment Ⅱ). On the basis of this analysis, some practical suggestions are proposed for improving the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students in China, such as adding a physical fitness assessment system for preschoolers, grouping the test subjects by age and setting common test indicators for males and females. Thus, the improved National Student Physical Fitness Standard is more aligned with the physical and mental growth patterns of Chinese children and adolescents.

Correlation between daily exercise load and physical fitness among primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the relationship between daily exercise load and physical fitness of primary school students, so as to provide relevant theoretical basis for the development of on campus physical education plans and the improvement of procedural physical health management for elementary school students.@*Methods@#A total of 223 students from 6 classes in a primary school in Beijing were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling method from May to June 2023. The daily exercise load of the students was monitored by Polar Verity Sense heart rate armband. The duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and daily Training Impulse (TRIMP) value were calculated, and the related indexes of daily exercise load were analyzed. Chi square test and univariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between daily exercise load and physical fitness assessment levels, and multi factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of physical fitness assessment levels.@*Results@#The average time spent in MVPA was (21.65±17.48) min. The TRIMP value was (361.47±124.81). The time spent in MVPA of primary school students in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after class PE were ( 8.86 ±8.56, 9.41±10.47, 1.97±3.12, 2.46±2.57) min, respectively. TRIMP values were (68.89±20.84, 72.83±30.27, 51.68±18.23, 19.99±5.78) in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after class PE, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in physical fitness levels among students with different genders, grades, and BMI ( χ 2=7.13, 19.04, 32.98, P <0.05). The duration of daily MVPA, along with TRIMP value during outdoor class, zero point sports, recess, and after PE class were all statistically significant with physical fitness levels ( OR =1.07, 1.05, 1.02, 1.03, 1.11, P <0.05). The results of multi factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that the primary school grade (lower grade: OR =9.24, middle grade: OR =7.81), BMI (abnormal: OR =0.21), duration of daily MVPA in school ( OR =1.06), and TRIMP value during outdoor class ( OR =1.05) were statistically significant with physical fitness levels ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a positive correlation between physical fitness and different grades, BMI, daily exercise load, and outdoor exercise load. Increasing daily exercise load can improve students physical health. It is suggested to tailor the school sports program to suit primary school students, increase both the intensity and duration of school daily sports, and promote procedural physical health management for elementary school students.

Corpos transmasculinos negros em intersecções estéticas: entrevista com Leonardo Peçanha / Black transmasculine bodies in aesthetic intersections: an interview with Leonardo Peçanha

Resumo Este artigo de opinião consiste em uma entrevista realizada com Leonardo Peçanha, um homem negro trans, ativista no campo dos direitos humanos e dos direitos das pessoas trans e pesquisador do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Na conversa que se segue Leonardo Peçanha, de forma interseccional, reflete sobre o lugar da beleza, modificações corporais e atividade física no processo de transição de gênero de sujeitos homens trans e transmasculinos, como também toca no tema das (im)possibilidades das pessoas trans no campo dos esportes de alto rendimento e nos conta sobre o concurso de beleza Mister Trans Brasil.

Abstract This opinion article consists of an interview with Leonardo Peçanha, a Black trans man, a human rights and trans people rights activist and a researcher in Collective Health. In this interview, he reflects intersectionally on the place of beauty, body changes, and physical activity in the gender transition process of trans and transmasculine men. He discusses the (im)possibilities of trans people in high-performance sports and tells us about the Mister Trans Brazil beauty pageant contest.

Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis and its correlation with anxiety and depression.

OBJECTIVE: To preliminary investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and reveal the related factors with anxiety and depression. METHODS: Between July 2020 and June 2021, specialist doctor recruited AR patients in Beijing and Shanghai. A total of 630 patients admitted to participate in the survey, and 516 (81.9%) (male 54.3%, female 45.7%) participants completed the questionnaires. Three scales including Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and The Patient Health Queationaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied. The χ2 and the Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the classification data, multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: According to 516 AR patients, the most commonly first-constitution was Yang-deficiency (22.1%) and frequent of all constitutions was inherited-special (21.6%). One third of AR patients (33.5%) suffered from anxiety, nearly half of AR patients (46.5%) were found to be depressive. Inherited-special (27.7%) was the most common constitution in patients with anxiety whereas Yang-deficiency (26.7%) was most common constitution in patients with depression. Sex, duration of symptoms, balanced, Qi-deficiency, phlegm-dampness, Qi-stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with anxiety; Sex, income, duration of symptoms, balanced, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency, phlegm-dampness, Qi-stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with depression. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, the commonly constitution types of AR were Yang-deficiency and inherited-special. We found that the prevalence value of anxiety and depression were high. People with Qi-deficiency, phlegm-dampness, Qi-stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were more likely to have mental problems than the others. Controlling these influential factors might be beneficial for clinical health management of AR patients, and the government should apply appropriate mental health treatment services to offer psychiatric support.

Development and evaluation of short-form version of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire: study a new and best brief instrument of Chinese medicine for health management.

BACKGROUND: More efficient instruments for body constitution identification are needed for clinical practice. We aimed to develop the short-form version of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) and evaluate for health management. METHODS: First, the short forms were developed through expert survey, classical test theory (CTT), and modern item response (IRT) based on the CCMQ. A combination of e-mail and manual methods was used in expert survey. Then, five indexes of CTT including criteria value-critical ratio, correlation coefficient, discrete tendency, internal consistency, and factor loading were used. And, IRT method was used through analyzing the discrimination and difficulty parameters of items. Second, the three top-ranked items of each constitution scale were selected for the simplified CCMQ, based on the three combined methods of different conditions and weights. Third, The psychometric properties such as completion time, validity (Construct, criterion, and divergent validity), and reliability (test-retest and internal consistency reliability) were evaluated. Finally, the diagnostic validity of the best short-form used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Three short-form editions were developed, and retained items 27, 23 and 27, which are named as WangQi nine body constitution questionnaire of Traditional Chinese Medicine (short-form) (SF-WQ9CCMQ)- A, B, and C, respectively. SF-WQ9CCMQ- A is showed the best psychometric property on Construct validity, Criterion validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability. The diagnostic validity indicated that the area under the ROC curve was 0.928 (95%CI: 0.924-0.932) for the Gentleness constitution scale, and were 0.895-0.969 and 0.911-0.981 for unbalance constitution scales using the cut-off value of the original CCMQ as 40 ("yes" standard) and 30 ("tendency" standard), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study successfully developed a well short-form which has good psychometric property, and excellent diagnostic validity consistent with the original. New and simplified instrument and opportunity are provided for body constitution identification, health management and primary care implementation.

Validation of the Cantonese version of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Body constitution Questionnaire in elderly people.

BACKGROUND: The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Body Constitution Questionnaire (For Elderly People) (TCMECQ) is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire developed in Mandarin in 2013 to differentiate the body constitutions of the elderly aged 65 and above. Considering the cultural and linguistic differences between Mainland China and Hong Kong (HK) Special Administrative Region, the TCMECQ was translated into Cantonese following "back translation" policy and validated in proper process. METHODS: Ten Chinese Medicine Practitioners (CMPs) and 30 senior citizens aged 65 or above were recruited to evaluate the first version of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitution Questionnaire (For Elderly People) (Cantonese version) (TCMECQ-C). Based on their comments, the second version was developed and discussed in the panel meeting to form the third version, validated the third version on 270 recruited seniors. Based on the validation results, a panel of 5 experts finalized the Questionnaire as the final version. The TCMECQ-C developers finalized the Questionnaire as the validated endorsed third version (i.e. final version). RESULTS: The item-level content validity index of most items of the TCMECQ-C (First Version) were ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 in terms of clarity, relevance and appropriateness. Factor loadings of Qi-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.37 to 0.71, Yang-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.65, Yin-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.65, and Stagnant Qi Constitution ranging from 0.68 to 0.82. The chi-squared degree-of-freedom ratio was 2.13 (928.63/436), Goodness-of-Fit Index (0.83), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (0.79), Normed Fit Index (0.66), Comparative Fit Index (0.78), Incremental Fit Index (0.78), Relative Fit Index (0.61) and Tucker-Lewis Index (0.75), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (0.07) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (0.07), implied acceptable Confirmatory Factor Analysis model fit of the overall scale. A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) showed the sufficient convergent validity for excessive subscales (Phlegm-dampness Constitution and Dampness-heat Constitution with r = 0.35, p < 0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.56 to 0.89, including Qi-deficiency Constitution (0.67), Yang-deficiency Constitution (0.84), Yin-deficiency Constitution (0.59), Stagnant Blood Constitution (0.56), Stagnant Qi Constitution (0.89), Inherited Special Constitution (0.76) and Balanced Constitution (0.73), indicating acceptable internal consistency for subscales. The intra-class correlation coefficients of the TCMECQ-C ranged from 0.70 to 0.87 (p < 0.001), indicating moderate to good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION: TCMECQ-C is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the body constitution in Cantonese elderly.

The Effectiveness of a Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based Mobile Health App for Individuals With Prediabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories assert that body constitution and meridian energy lay the foundation for disease prevention. TCM-based health concepts have not yet been incorporated into mobile health (mHealth) apps for individuals with prediabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a TCM mHealth app for individuals with prediabetes. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial recruited 121 individuals with prediabetes at a teaching hospital in New Taipei City between February 2020 and May 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the TCM mHealth app group (n=42), ordinary mHealth app group (n=41), or control group (n=38). All participants received the usual care that included 15-20 minutes of health education about the disease, along with healthy diet and exercise encouragement. The ordinary mHealth app included physical activity (PA), diet, and disease education, along with individual records. The TCM mHealth app additionally included qi and body constitution information, along with constitution-based PA and diet advice. The control group received the usual care alone and did not have access to any app. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of the 12-week intervention, and 1 month after the intervention. Body constitution, including yang-deficiency, yin-deficiency, and phlegm-stasis, was measured according to the Body Constitution Questionnaire, with higher scores indicating a greater deficiency. Body energy was examined using the Meridian Energy Analysis Device. The Short-Form 36 questionnaire was used to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which yielded physical component scores and mental component scores, with higher scores indicating better physical and mental aspects of HRQOL, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the TCM mHealth app group showed greater improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), yang-deficiency and phlegm-stasis body constitution, and BMI; however, no significant differences were found in these outcomes between the TCM mHealth app and ordinary mHealth app groups. The TCM mHealth app group showed better improvement in body energy and mental component scores than the ordinary mHealth app group. There were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose, yin-deficiency body constitution, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary behavior, and total PA among the three groups after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Use of either the ordinary or TCM mHealth app improved HRQOL among individuals with prediabetes. Compared to the outcomes of controls not using any app, use of the TCM mHealth app was effective at improving HbA1c, BMI, yang-deficiency and phlegm-stasis body constitution, and HRQOL. Moreover, using the TCM mHealth app seemed to improve the body energy and HRQOL more than when using the ordinary mHealth app. Further studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period may be necessary to determine whether the differences favoring the TCM app are clinically meaningful. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04096989; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04096989.

Morphological and hand grip strength characteristics and differences between participants of the 2022 world rowing championship.

Introduction: Rowing is a strength endurance type of sport, and morphology and mass are undoubtedly performance-related factors. Precisely identifying these morphological factors associated with performance, can assist the exercise scientists and coaches in selecting and developing talented athletes. There is however, a lack of anthropometric data collected at either World Championship or Olympic Games level. The aims of this study were to describe and compare the morphology and basic strength characteristic of male and female heavyweight and lightweight rowers competing at 2022 World Championship (18.-25. September, Racice, Czech Republic). Methods: A total of 68 athletes (of 46 male competitors: 15 competed in the lightweight category and 31 in the heavyweight category; of 22 female athletes: 6 competed in the lightweight category and 16 in the heavyweight category) were assessed using anthropometric methods, bioimpedance analysis and performed a hand-grip test. Results: Between heavyweight and lightweight male rowers there were a statistically and practically significant differences in all monitored aspects except the sport age, sitting height/body height ratio and arm span/body height ratio. Between heavyweight and lightweight female rowers there were also statistically and practically significant differences in all monitored aspects except the identical indicators as in male. Discussion: Within this research it can be argued that female rowers are in many anthropometric aspects more similar to their male counterparts than to female rowers in the lightweight category. In some anthropometric aspects (BMI, thigh girth, calf girth), female rowers are even more similar to male heavyweight than to male lightweight rowers. The physical characteristics of elite male and female lightweight rowers differ radically from those of heavyweight. From a practical point of view, this research can be used to determine what type of athletes should be recruited or selected for heavy category and what type for lightweight category in male and female rowing based on the somatotype.

Badminton influences on the body constitution of college students / Influências do badminton na constituição corporal dos universitários / Influencias del bádminton en la constitución corporal de los estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: The physical condition of college students is worsening annually, and the rate of obesity is a factor in alarming rise, influencing the quality of performance in physical education of badminton practice's effects on college students' body composition of college students. Objective: Study badminton practice's effects on college students' body composition. Methods: During a training period of three months, 60 college volunteers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups to practice exercices twice a week for 1.5 hours. The experimental group practiced badminton, while the control group practiced running. Results: The body fat ratio of the experimental group waist-to-hip increased from 38.98% to 33.21%, the waist to hip ratio decreased from 0.83cm to 0.82cm, the vital capacity increased from 2,817ml to 3,111ml, and the resting heart rate decreased from 78 to 75 times/minute. Conclusion: Optimization of body composition and an improvement in body build were statistically observed when implementing badminton training in college students. The promotion of badminton for college students was shown to be superior than running. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A condição física dos estudantes universitários está piorando anualmente, sendo a taxa de obesidade um fator em alarmante ascensão, influenciando a qualidade do desempenho na educação física dos estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos da prática do badminton sobre a composição corporal dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Durante o período de treinamento de três meses, 60 universitários voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle para exercícios praticados duas vezes por semana, com duração de 1,5 horas. O grupo experimental praticou badminton, enquanto o grupo de controle praticou corrida. Resultados: A taxa de gordura corporal do grupo experimental diminuiu de 38,98% para 33,21%, a relação da cintura do quadril diminuiu de 0,83cm para 0,82cm, a capacidade vital aumentou de 2.817ml para 3.111ml, e a frequência cardíaca em repouso diminuiu de 78 para 75 vezes/minuto. Conclusão: A otimização da composição corporal e uma melhoria da constituição corporal foram estatisticamente observadas ao implementar o treinamento de badminton nos universitários. A promoção do badminton para estudantes universitários mostrou-se superior que a corrida.Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La condición física de los estudiantes universitarios empeora anualmente, siendo la tasa de obesidad un factor en alarmante aumento, influyendo en la calidad del rendimiento en educación física de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos de la práctica del bádminton en la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Durante un periodo de entrenamiento de tres meses, 60 voluntarios universitarios fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control para ejercicios practicados dos veces por semana, con una duración de 1,5 horas. El grupo experimental practicó bádminton, mientras que el grupo de control practicó atletismo. Resultados: La proporción de grasa corporal del grupo experimental disminuyó del 38,98% al 33,21%, la proporción cintura/cadera disminuyó de 0,83cm a 0,82cm, la capacidad vital aumentó de 2.817ml a 3.111ml, y la frecuencia cardiaca en reposo disminuyó de 78 a 75 veces/minuto. Conclusión: Se observó estadísticamente una optimización de la composición corporal y una mejora de la constitución corporal al aplicar el entrenamiento de bádminton en estudiantes universitarios. Se demostró que la promoción del bádminton entre los estudiantes universitarios era superior a la del atletismo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effect of gymnastics on heart rate and physique of male college students / Efeitos da ginástica sobre a frequência cardíaca e o físico dos estudantes universitários masculinos / Efecto de la gimnasia en la frecuencia cardiaca y el físico de estudiantes universitarios varones

ABSTRACT Introduction People's living standards have gradually improved with rapid economic development, and physical exercise has become a viable alternative for people to relax and improve their quality of life. Among the forms of physical exercise, the most traditional and simplest is aerobics, despite few current studies on the physiological evidence of its adherence. Objective Evaluate the effects of aerobic gymnastics on heart rate and physique of college students. Methods 10 male college students volunteered for an experiment involving a specific aerobic gymnastics protocol over six weeks. To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on heart rate variability and physique of male college students, vital and anthropometric data were collected before and after the intervention for a statistical comparison and scientific discussion according to current literature. Results There were significant differences in heart rate variability indexes SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, lf/hf before and after training. Conclusion There were some significant differences in vital capacity, grip strength, flexion of sitting and standing posture after the intervention protocol. It is suggested that aerobic gymnastics training can improve cardiac function and fitness of its practitioners, especially among college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O nível de vida das pessoas tem melhorado gradualmente com o rápido desenvolvimento econômico e o exercício físico tornou-se uma alternativa viável para as pessoas relaxarem e melhorarem sua qualidade de vida. Dentre as formas de exercício físico, o mais tradicional e simples é a ginástica aeróbica, apesar de poucos estudos atuais sobre as evidências fisiológicas de sua adesão. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da ginástica aeróbica sobre o ritmo cardíaco e sobre o físico dos estudantes universitários. Métodos 10 estudantes universitários masculinos foram voluntários para um experimento envolvendo um protocolo específico de ginástica aeróbica durante 6 semanas. No intuito de explorar os efeitos do exercício aeróbico na variabilidade do ritmo cardíaco e no físico dos estudantes universitários do sexo masculino, os dados vitais e antropométricos foram coletados antes e após a intervenção para uma comparação estatística e discussão científica segundo a bibliografia atual. Resultados houve diferenças significativas nos índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, lf/hf antes e depois do treinamento. Conclusão Foram evidenciadas algumas diferenças significativas de capacidade vital, força de preensão, flexão da postura sentada e ortostática após o protocolo de intervenção. Sugere-se que o treinamento de ginástica aeróbica possa melhorar a função cardíaca e a condição física de seus praticantes, principalmente entre os estudantes universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El nivel de vida de las personas ha mejorado gradualmente con el rápido desarrollo económico y el ejercicio físico se ha convertido en una alternativa viable para que la gente se relaje y mejore su calidad de vida. Entre las formas de ejercicio físico, la más tradicional y sencilla es la gimnasia aeróbica, a pesar de los escasos estudios actuales sobre las pruebas fisiológicas de su adherencia. Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de la gimnasia aeróbica sobre la frecuencia cardiaca y el físico de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos 10 estudiantes universitarios varones se ofrecieron voluntarios para un experimento que incluía un protocolo específico de gimnasia aeróbica durante 6 semanas. Con el fin de explorar los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico sobre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca y el físico de estudiantes universitarios varones, se recogieron datos vitales y antropométricos antes y después de la intervención para realizar una comparación estadística y una discusión científica según la bibliografía actual. Resultados Hubo diferencias significativas en los índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, lf/hf antes y después del entrenamiento. Conclusión Se evidenciaron algunas diferencias significativas en la capacidad vital, la fuerza de prensión, la flexión de sedestación y la postura ortostática tras el protocolo de intervención. Se sugiere que el entrenamiento de gimnasia aeróbica puede mejorar la función cardiaca y la forma física de sus practicantes, especialmente entre los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Component analysis of relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness in college students, so as to provide a reference for physical fitness interventions for college students.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted from September 23 to November 12, 2022, involving 342 college students selected from one comprehensive college among Shanghai City, Hubei Province and Zhejiang Province. Accelerometers were used to measure 24 hour movement behavior, and programs specified in the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students (2014 revision) were used to evaluate physical fitness. Compositional linear regression was used to analyze the association between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness. The effects of compositional isotemporal substitution of 24 hour movement behavior on physical fitness were also examined.@*Results@#The geometric means for sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 515.89, 678.88 , 196.30, 48.92 min/d, respectively, and the comprehensive physical fitness score was (73.09±8.55). The proportion of participants who passed the fitness test was 72.51%. Overall, 20.76% had excellent or good scores, whereas 6.73% failed. Compositional linear regression indicated that physical fitness was significantly positively associated with MVPA ( β =2.55) and LPA ( β = 5.88 )( P <0.05), but no significantly associated with sleep ( β =-5.18) and sedentary behavior ( β =-3.24)( P >0.05). Isotemporal substitution indicated that reallocation of 15 minutes from sleep and sedentary behavior to MVPA resulted in a 0.71 and 0.64 point increase in physical fitness, respectively. Similarly, reallocating the same duration to LPA led to a 0.50 and 0.43 point increase in physical fitness, respectively. Dose response analysis revealed that the mutual substitution of LPA with sedentary behavior and sleep had symmetry, whereas the mutual substitution of MVPA with sedentary behavior and sleep had asymmetry. The effectiveness of replacing sleep or sedentary behavior with MVPA in improving physical fitness decreased with increasing allocation time, whereas the adverse effects of replacing MVPA with sleep or sedentary behavior increased with increasing allocation time.@*Conclusion@#In the context of 24 hour movement behavior, increasing the time spent on LPA and MVPA is beneficial for physical fitness among college students. It should be recommend that college students actively transition from sedentary behavior to engaging in physical activity, with a particular emphasis on incorporating MVPA.

Potential categories of lifestyle behavior and its relation with traditional Chinese medicine constitutions among higher vocational medical students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand potential categories of lifestyle behaviors and its association with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution among higher vocational medical students, so as to provide reference for the physical health management of them.@*Methods@#From October to December 2022, 2 720 medical students from three higher vocational medical colleges in Anhui Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method and were investigated with a questionnaire of lifestyle and TCM body constitution. Potential category analysis (LCA) and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relationship between potential categories of lifestyle behaviors and TCM constitutions.@*Results@#The lifestyle behavior of vocational medical students were classified into three potential categories:general health group (83.60%), smoking and drinking group (4.85%) and diet preference group (11.55%). There were significant differences in the distribution of TCM constitution types among the three groups ( χ 2=46.32, P < 0.01 ). The proportion of general health group was the higher in balanced constitution (46.39%), and the proportion of smoking and drinking type was higher in phlegm dampness (25.00%). The dietary preferences were higher in phlegm dampness (20.38%), Yin deficiency (15.92%) and damp heat (20.70%). Taking balanced constitution as a reference, the occurrence risk of phlegm and dampness in smoking and drinking type and diet preference type was 1.75 times higher (95% CI =1.09-2.77) and 1.78 times higher (95% CI = 1.26-2.49) than that in general health group ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There are certain aggregation characteristics in lifestyle behaviors among higher vocational medical students, which show significant relations with TCM constitutions. Targeted intervention should be carried out according to the demographic characteristics of higher vocational medical students, potential categories of behavior and lifestyle characteristics and TCM constitutions.

The isochronous substitution effect of 24 hour activity behavior on physical health of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#An isochronous substitution model was established to explore the association and substitution effect between college students 24 hour activity behavior and physical health, so as to provide specific activity behavior suggestions for college students to improve their physical health.@*Methods@#A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct physical fitness tests and 24 hour activity behavior surveys among 2 794 college students in 12 colleges and universities in Tianjin.Time spent on sedentary behavior(SB), light intensity physical activity(LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sleep(SLP) time. The isochronous method of components was used to explore the relationship between 24 h activity behavior and physical health.@*Results@#Except for 50 m running, MVPA was negatively correlated with BMI Z ( β =-0.62, P <0.05), but positively correlated with other physical fitness indexes ( β =0.34~274.23, P <0.05). LPA was not associated with lung capacity, sitting forward flexion and 50 m running, and negatively correlated with other physical fitness indexes ( β =-14.30- -0.19, P <0.05). SB was negatively correlated with most physical fitness indexes ( β =-11.57- -0.33, P <0.05), but positively correlated with BMI Z ( β =0.45, P < 0.05 ). In addition to lung capacity, SLP was positively correlated with BMI Z , total physical fitness score,1 minute sit-ups, pull ups, 800/1 000 m running, sitting forward flexion, and 50 m running ( β =0.27-11.21, P <0.05), but negatively correlated with long jump ( β =-0.10, P <0.05）. Isochronous substitution showed that the adverse effects of 30 min/d SB and LPA substitution of MVPA were much greater than the beneficial effects of MVPA substitution for corresponding behaviors (total physical score: SB, -0.58 vs 0.47 points; LPA, -0.50 vs 0.38 points).@*Conclusion@#MVPA and SLP have been found to have a positive effect on physical fitness among college students. Therefore, in the process of improving the physical health of college students, ensuring adequate sleep, improving MVPA and reducing SB as much as possible may be one of the effective methods.

Changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan City during 2019 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022, so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion.@*Methods@#From 2019 to 2022，16 496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method, the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards (revised in 2014), and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests, univariate analysis, analysis of covariance and χ 2 tests.@*Results@#The students physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022（80.78±12.63），2021（79.12±12.72），2019 （75.17±2.03）and 2020（73.82±12.63）. During 2019 to 2022, the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students ( F=105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P <0.01). The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant ( F=34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08 , 13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P <0.01). The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020. Except for body mass index (BMI), the fluctuations in lung s capacity, run 50 meters, sit forward, standing long jump, 1 minute sit-ups, pull-up, endurance running, 1 minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (primary school: F =127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79, secondary school: F =189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94 , P <0.01). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09 %, 31.45%, 30.14 %, and 30.60%, respectively ( χ 2=2.26, P >0.05). From 2019 to 2022, the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56 %, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%, 37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36 %, 39.16%, respectively, and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%, 23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99 %, 27.95%, respectively, none of which were statistically significant ( χ 2=2.93, 4.29 , 0.04, 3.12, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#During 2019 to 2022, there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan, and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic.

Research on back scraping skin symptoms of sub healthy population based on constitution theory of traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To observe the characteristics of back scraping skin symptoms in sub-health people through diagnostic scraping, and explore the characteristics of back scraping skin symptoms in sub-health people with different constitutions.Methods:By adopting a cross-sectional study method, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine recruited volunteers through a combination of offline and online methods from March 2021 to September 2022. Totally 2 239 sub-health people were treated for TCM constitution identification and were diagnostic scraped with Wentong scraping cup. The differences of back scraping skin symptoms in the color, speed, amount, shape, nature of pain and feeling characteristics under scraping board were compared between sub-health people with different TCM constitutions and gentle constitution.Results:There were differences in the characteristics of Sha Xiang among sub-health individuals with different constitutions. Among them, 49.02% (351/716) of individuals with a gentle constitution had a bright red color, 90.64% (649/716) had a fast rate of appearance, 5.73% (41/716) had a large amount of sha, 3.35% (24/716) had a patchy shape, 3.35% (24/716) felt a stabbing pain, and 0 felt nodules under the scraping plate. Among individuals with a damp-heat constitution, 86.72% (457/527) had a bright red color, 95.64% (504/527) had a fast rate of appearance, 100.00% (527/527) had a large amount of sha, 88.80% (468/527) had a patchy shape, 95.64% (504/527) felt a stabbing pain and 97.72% (515/527) felt nodules under the scraping plate. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 values were 11.27 to 1 243.00, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The characteristics of back scraping skin symptoms of sub-health people with different constitutions are different. It is expected that the type of TCM constitution of sub-health people can be judged according to the characteristics of scraping skin symptoms in the future, in order to guide patients in health management and improve their satisfaction with traditional Chinese medicine scraping treatment.

Correlation between 24-hour time allocation patterns and physical fitness of Mongolian junior school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To identify the 24-hour time allocation patterns of Mongolian junior school students, and to clarify the nature and degree of the influence of the time allocation patterns on the physical fitness of junior school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing and improving the scientific allocation of activity time of young students.@*Methods@#In October 2022, 1 389 Mongolian junior school students aged 13-15 from four schools in Xing an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected with stratified cluster sampling method. The 24-hour time utilization of students were collected by using the questionnaire of "China Time Utilization Survey (CTUS) Time Log in 2017" from October 21 to 22, 2022, and physical fitness was evaluated by using the test data of the National Student Physical Health Standard from September to November 2022. Students time allocation patterns were determined by Latent Profile Analysis with Mplus software, and the correlation between the time allocation patterns and the physical fitness was analyzed by multiple linear regression.@*Results@#The time allocation patterns of Mongolian junior school students could be classified into four types:learning type, screen type, diversity type, and sports type, and the population distribution were 24.7%, 18.3%, 9.9% and 47.1%, respectively. Among all gender and age groups, the sports type received highest total score physical fitness, followed by diversified type, learning type, and screen type ( F =72.25-154.94, P <0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that gender, age, and time allocation patterns were significantly related to the total score of physical fitness ( P < 0.05 ). The total score of physical fitness in learning type, diversity type and sports type groups were all higher than that of screen type ( β =5.63, 12.86, 18.03, P <0.05). Moreover, the sports type showed highest effects on the total score of physical fitness, followed by the diversity type and learning type ( B =0.72, 0.31, 0.19, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a significant correlation between time allocation patterns and physical fitness of Mongolian junior school students, and those in sports type and diversity type of time allocation achieve better physical fitness, while those in learning type and screen type of time allocation shows relatively poorer physical fitness.In order to promote students physical fitness and healthy development, it is suggested to scientifically arrange students time allocation, increase physical activity time, and reduce sedentary activities that are detrimental to health.

Development of speed indexes in student physical fitness tests / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Speed is an important component of physical fitness testing for students around the world. On the whole, the different testing systems usually set up various indexes based on the moving speed, action speed and reaction speed; the indexes are diverse but uniform in number; there are differences in the age of application of the indexes and no gender differences. As far as the classification of indexes is concerned, there are two types of movement:sprinting and shuttle run, for the moving speed test indexes; there are differences in the need for action speed and reaction speed tests. Based on this, from the perspective of energy metabolism and health benefits, the properties and testing methods for measuring moving speed and the need for action speed and reaction speed testing are analyzed. The study shows that acceleration capability should be a measured attribute of moving speed，the 30 m running can be used as a general index of moving speed for all students; the shuttle run is not suitable as an index of moving speed; action speed is less correlated with physical health, so it should not be included in the testing system for the time being; and reaction speed which closely relates to physical health,should be included in the testing system.