Research Progress on Herbal Textual Research and Modern Quality Evaluation of Sojae Semen Germinatum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sojae Semen Germinatum was firstly recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and it has a long history of edible and medicinal use. Most ancient medical practitioners described that Sojae Semen Germinatum was processed with black soya bean， while some others recorded that Sojae Semen Germinatum was processed with black soya bean and soybean or with soybean only. In modern times， black soya bean and soybean are both used. Before the Northern and Southern dynasties， the germination process of Sojae Semen Germinatum was mostly soil culture， and then changed into water culture later. The medicinal part of Sojae Semen Germinatum may also change from the initial aboveground part to the whole processed products including the soybean and the bud. The bud length was used to control the processing ending of Sojae Semen Germinatum， but there were different views of the bud length in ancient and modern times. Before the Tang dynasty， Sojae Semen Germinatum was mostly used directly. Since the Tang dynasty， various subsequent processed products of Sojae Semen Germinatum appeared. Most ancient medical practitioners confirmed that Sojae Semen Germinatum was sweet flavor， neutral in nature and non-toxic， and the mainstream believed that it belonged to the spleen， lung and stomach meridians. However， there were different opinions on its efficacy of relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis. In this paper， the evolution of Sojae Semen Germinatum was explored after consulting all kinds of ancient books， its historical name， processing history， quality evaluation and others were systematically summarized in order to clarify its historical development and lay a good foundation for the clinical use and further development of Sojae Semen Germinatum.

The vegetative buds of Salix myrsinifolia are responsive to elevated UV-B and temperature.

The predicted rise in temperature and variable changes in ultraviolet-B radiation will have marked effects on plant growth and metabolism. Different vegetative parts of trees have been studied to detect the impacts of enhanced temperature and UV-B, but the effects on buds have rarely been considered. In the present study, Salix myrsinifolia clones were subjected to enhanced UV-B and temperature over two growing seasons starting from 2009, and measured springtime bud development and concentrations of phenolic compounds. In 2010 and 2011 the buds under increased temperature were up to 30% longer than those in control plots. On the other hand, UV-B combined with elevated temperature significantly decreased bud length by 4-5% in 2010. This effect was stronger in males than in females. The vegetative buds contained high constitutive amounts of chlorogenic acid derivatives, which may explain the weak increase in hyperin and chlorogenic acid that are usual UV-B sheltering compounds. The elevated temperature treatment significantly increased salicin content (about 18% in males and 22% in females), while triandrin concentration decreased by only 50% in females. Our results indicate that vegetative bud size is highly affected by seasonal temperature, while UV-B induced a weaker and transient effect.

Características morfológicas e fitossanitárias de variedades de roseira na etapa de classificação / Morphological and fitossanitary characteristics in rose varieties on classification stage

A qualidade da haste floral de roseira é afetada por inúmeros defeitos, como botão pequeno ou presença de doenças e ferimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características morfológicas (comprimento e retidão da haste e do botão floral) e fitossanitárias (incidência de míldio, oídio, mofo cinzento e dano causado por lagarta) de sete variedades de roseira cultivadas em ambiente protegido. As características foram observadas em três avaliações. O comprimento médio de haste floral variou de 56,1 a 83,3cm, enquanto que o comprimento médio dos botões variou de 4,7 a 5,2cm. Foram observados sintomas de míldio, oídio, mofo cinzento e injúria causada por lagarta nas hastes florais, sendo o oídio o principal problema fitossanitário observado, tendo afetado de 2,9 a 41,3 por cento das hastes, dependendo da variedade. Cerca de 70 por cento das hastes de cada variedade apresentaram características do tipo de C ou D durante a etapa de classificação. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade da avaliação das diversas características das variedades adquiridas, antes da implementação do cultivo comercial.

The quality of the rose's floral stem can be affected by numerous faults as small button or diseases and injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological (length and rightness of stem and rose bud) and fitossanitary (downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold and caterpillar damage) characteristics in seven varieties of rose grown in a greenhouse. The characteristics were analyzed three times. The average length of floral stems ranged from 56.1 to 83.3cm, while the average length of buttons ranged from 4.7 to 5.2cm in the varieties evaluated. Symptoms of downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold and damage caused by caterpillar were observed, although powdery mildew were the main problem witch affect from 2,9 to 41,3 percent of floral stems. About 70 percent of the stems of all varieties showed characteristics of type C or D during the classification stage. These results reinforce the necessity of evaluating new varieties before the implementation of commercial cultivation.