Dialogue of knowledge in traditional herbal medicine in Mé'pháá and Tu'un savi indigenous peoples in the mountain of Guerrero Mexico / Diálogo de saberes en la medicina tradicional herbolaria en pueblos indígenas Mé'pháá y Tu'un savi en la Montaña de Guerrero, México

In the indigenous peoples Tu'un savi and Mé'pháá of the mountain region of guerrero, allopathic medicine and traditional herbal medicine are used, due to this, we consider that dialogues of knowledge should be established between the practitioners of both medicines. We collaborated with 46 individuals to discuss the forms of using medicinal species, preparing treatments, and using allopathic medicine. Through semi-structured and in-depthinterviews, 121 plant species were recorded, with which more than 40 diseases are treated, which are distributed in the digestive, muscular, respiratory, and urinary systems:chronic-degenerative and cultural diseases. The dialogue of knowledge between specialists in traditional medicine and allopathic doctors could contribute to the development of their own health project, with which a regional ethnodevelopment plan could be created.

En los pueblos indígenas Tu'un savi y Mé'pháá de la montaña de Guerrero se utiliza la medicina alopática y la medicina tradicional herbolaria, debido a ello, consideramos que deberían establecerse diálogos de saberes entre los practicantes de ambas medicinas. Se trabajó con 46 colaboradores, con los cuales se dialogó acerca de las formas de uso de las especies medicinales, preparación de los tratamientos y utilización de l a medicina alopática. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad se registraron 121 especies de plantas, con las que se tratan más de 40 enfermedades, las cuales están distribuidas en los sistemas digestivo, respiratorio y urinario; también se atienden enfermedades crónico - degenerativas y culturales. El diálogo de saberes entre especialistas de la medicina tradicional y médicos alópatas podría contribuir a la elaboración de un proyecto de salud propio, con el cual se podría crear un plan de e tnodesarrollo regional

Health resource allocation among indigenous peoples from the right to health and health capability approaches: The case of P'urhépecha people.

The right to health under the human rights-based approach and health capability paradigm can be used to identify whether health-related resources are allocated in a way that health inequities are being reduced among indigenous peoples taking into account what they value. Elements for these approaches were identified and assessed for the P'urhépecha people in Mexico through developed indicators based on the available statistics and qualitative data. Compared with the national level, there is a lag for most of the indicators related to the availability and use of public health systems, health determinants, health-related information, and traditional healing. People are worried because diseases such as diabetes and substance abuse are high and rising; however, they continue lifestyles that support them. Through the health capability paradigm and the right to health approach, it is found that health and health capabilities for the P'urhépecha must comprise their idea of good living (Buen Vivir) or sési irékani, which in turn requires the right to development. In this sense, current P'urhépecha demands converge with those of other indigenous peoples in which autonomy, as a right to self-determination, is a necessary condition to design their health policy and allocate health-related resources in a globalised world.

Making the road caminando de otra manera: Co-constructing decolonial community psychologies from the Global South.

Current discussion on coloniality dismantles structures embedded in neoliberal capitalism that maintain and perpetuate social pathologies. Theories and praxes emerging from Abya Yala (North, Central, and South America) provide academic and nonacademic contributions to co-construct community psychologies de otra manera (otherwise). These accountable ways of knowing and acting in cultural context and local place, become ways of making counterculture to inform decolonial community psychologies. The epistemologies of the Global South have produced invaluable teachings for transformative revisions of community psychology within frameworks that go beyond liberation and toward decoloniality. Activist women and decolonial feminists from the Global South, contest patriarchal rationality and universalism and co-construct new ways of being, thinking-feeling, sentipensar, and acting. Decolonial paradigms weave networks of solidarity with communities in their struggles to sustain Indigenous cosmovisions, delinking from western-centric ideologies that are not anthropocentric and promote sustainability, epistemic and ecological justice, and Sumak Kawsay/Buen Vivir (wellbeing) that includes the rights of the Earth. This paper deepens into decolonial community psychologies from Abya Yala that are making the road caminando (walking) de otra manera by applying methodologies of affective conviviality with communities, sentipensando, and co-authoring collective stories that weave pluriversal solidary networks within ecologies of praxes into colorful tapestries of liberation. These are the proposed coordinates to sketch pathways toward decoloniality.

Sustainability and sustainable development: A review of principles and definitions.

The concepts of sustainability and sustainable development have acquired great relevance in scientific research about environmental issues, policies linked to environmental management, and industrial and agricultural production, among others. Although these two concepts are frequently used as synonyms, they are immersed in debates regarding their meaning and their possibilities for application to real systems. This review analyzes the main theoretical definitions of both concepts, together with their potentials and limitations, emphasizing the differences between their meanings. A bibliographic search was carried out in the Web of Science database and other sources from official organizations of international relevance and authors referenced by them. The works providing substantive definitions of sustainability and sustainable development from a complexity theory perspective were selected for discussion throughout the article. The main results showed a strong criticism of the concept of sustainable development due to its imprecise definition, the emergence of the concept of sustainability in the debate of the 1990s and its consolidation in certain fields of knowledge, and the emergence of new alternatives to sustainable development such as degrowth and buen vivir. The results also show the potential of the concept of sustainability as a still-developing framework for scientific research and environmental management.

Food autonomy: decolonial perspectives for Indigenous health and buen vivir.

INTRODUCTION: Indigenous peoples' food systems have weakened as a result of pressures exerted by agro-commercial policies and chains, which has led to the dependency and deterioration of their ways of life. It is in this context that the construction of perspectives on food autonomy positions itself as a potential and strategic field of social decolonial mobilization for indigenous peoples' health and buen vivir. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the meanings of food autonomy from the perspectives of a Nasa Indigenous community in Colombia. METHOD: This was a qualitative study, involving 38 Indigenous people belonging to the Nasa Huila Indigenous community, aged between 18 and 73, with different occupations. The information was obtained by means of discussion groups and processed through content analysis. The project had the consent and ethical endorsement of the indigenous community. RESULTS: According to the study group, food autonomy is related to the Nasa identity, today weakened by territorial conditions, proximity to non-indigenous populations and the external influence of institutional food programs. Food autonomy develops by means of practices aimed at the production, distribution, preparation and consumption of healthy, chemical-free, homegrown food products from the family level, for self-consumption and in resistance to dependence on external commercial chains. CONCLUSION: Food autonomy positions itself as a community and political strategy that integrates the strengthening of family gardens, the adaptation of a food program menu, education and governance towards the development of autonomous processes from a decolonial perspective, for the promotion of health and buen vivir.

Lekil kuxlejal: Bem Viver na saúde autônoma do movimento zapatista / Lekil kuxlejal: Good Living in the autonomous health of the zapatista movement / Lekil kuxlejal: Buen Vivir en la salud autónoma del movimiento zapatista

O Exército Zapatista de Liberação Nacional (EZLN) e suas bases de apoio são formados predominantemente por indígenas que vivem na região de Chiapas, no México. O movimento constrói uma profunda experiência de autonomia, o que passa por diferentes dimensões da vida coletiva. Neste artigo, pretendemos, a partir de um trabalho de campo realizado na região, nos focar na saúde autônoma. A concepção de saúde está estritamente relacionada com a noção de terra, já que para ter saúde é preciso pertencer a um cosmos, permeado pelo respeito recíproco entre os mais diferentes seres, em uma luta constante para engrandecer o ch'ulel (espírito) e, com isso, caminhar rumo ao lekil kuxlejal (Bem Viver). Para colocar em prática esses princípios, o cuidado em saúde é protagonizado pelos promotores autônomos de saúde e pelas assembleias comunitárias.

The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN, in Spanish) and its bases are formed predominantly by indigenous languages living in the region of Chiapas, Mexico. The movement builds a profound experience of autonomy, which goes through different dimensions of collective life. In this article, we intend, from a fieldwork carried out in the region, to focus on autonomous health. The conception of health is closely related to the notion of land, since in order to have health it is necessary to belong to a cosmos, permeated by mutual respect between the most different beings, in a constant struggle to ennoble the ch'ulel (spirit) and thus to walk to the lekil kuxlejal (Good Living). To put these principles into practice, healthcare is carried out by autonomous health promoters and communal assemblies.

El Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) y sus bases de apoyo son formados predominantemente por indígenas que viven en la región de Chiapas, México. El movimiento construye una experiencia profunda de autonomía, que atraviesa diferentes dimensiones de la vida colectiva. En este artículo, nos proponemos, a partir de un trabajo de campo realizado en la región, enfocar la salud autónoma. La concepción de salud guarda una estrecha relación con la noción de tierra, ya que para tener salud es necesario pertenecer a un cosmos, impregnado por el respeto mutuo entre los seres más diferentes, en una lucha constante para engrandecer el ch'ulel (espíritu) y, de este modo, caminar hasta el lekil kuxlejal (Buen Vivir, también llamado Vivir Bien). Para poner en práctica estos principios, la asistencia en salud se lleva a cabo por los promotores autónomos de salud y por las asambleas comunitarias.

El problema de la obesidad en tiempos de capitalismo tardío: de la economía neoliberal a las políticas públicas colaborativas basadas en el "buen vivir" / The problem of obesity in times of late capitalism: from neoliberal economics to collaborative public policies based on "good living"

Resumen Estudiamos el problema de la obesidad a partir de la teoría crítica actual, que analiza el problema planteado desde el capitalismo tardío como su causante. Se utiliza una perspectiva crítica que se enmarca en los estudios hegelianos, concretamente en uno de sus libros centrales, La ciencia de la lógica, pues en él "lo inmediato" nos permite visualizar cómo opera la ideología actual subjetivando al ser humano y cómo "lo inmediato" es uno de los principios que dominan el capitalismo desde el cual analizamos el tema. Las lógicas capitalistas son una realidad que crean un modelo social, político y cultural en el que el ser humano queda atrapado, asumiendo la postura productiva y alimenticia de este sistema que nos lanza a la consecución de altos niveles de producción y una política alimenticia basada en el beneficio empresarial y el consumo por encima de la ética del cuidado. Finalizamos proponiendo la construcción de políticas públicas centradas en lo que desde Latinoamérica se ha denominado "buen vivir".

Abstract We study the problem of obesity based on current critical theory, which analyzes the problem posed by late capitalism as its cause. The study uses a critical perspective framed in the Hegelian studies, specifically in one of his central books, The Science of Logic, because in it "the immediate" allows us to visualize how the current ideology operates subjecting the human being and how "the immediate" is one of the principles that dominate capitalism, from which we analyze the issue. The capitalist logics are a reality that create social, political and cultural model in which the human being is trapped, assuming the productive and nutritional stance of this system that launches us to achieve high levels of production and a food policy based on the business benefit and consumption over the care ethic. We finish it by proposing the construction of public policies focused on what has been called "good living" in Latin America.

Ecoaldeas en Colombia transitando hacia el buen vivir / Ecovilas na Colômbia caminhando para uma boa vida / Ecovillages in Colombia transiting towards good living

RESUMEN Se presenta una investigación cualitativa cuyo objetivo fue comprender cómo se expresa la relación Humanidad-Naturaleza en el movimiento ecoaldeano, teniendo como referente las ecoaldeas Anthakarana (Quindío) y Aldea Feliz (Cundinamarca) en Colombia. Para ello se realizó una indagación documental y un acercamiento empírico haciendo uso de métodos etnográficos que permitieron conocer la vida cotidiana, los saberes y las prácticas de estas comunidades. Se diseñó un ciclo de análisis e interpretación de acuerdo con el enfoque de estudio de casos en el que se utilizó la herramienta Atlas.ti El argumento principal de la tesis consiste en plantear que las ecoaldeas estudiadas vienen cocreando nuevos tipos de relación en la naturaleza , que pueden ser leídos como una transición de la ontología dual hacia una ontología relacional en la que se intenta superar la desconexión humanidad - naturaleza. Esta transición ontológica implica un ciclo de transformación individual, con otros humanos y seres, en el que se cocrean saberes, prácticas y valores frente a la vida. En este proceso, han acogido la categoría de Buen Vivir para guiar sus propósitos comunitarios y posibilidad de resignificar conocimientos

ABSTRACT I present a qualitative research whose objective was to understand how the Humanity-Nature relationship is expressed in the ecovillage movement, taking as reference the Anthakarana (Quindío) and Aldea Feliz (Cundinamarca) ecovillages in Colombia. To do this, a documentary inquiry and an empirical approach were made using ethnographic methods that allowed to know the daily life, knowledge and practices of these communities. A cycle of analysis and interpretation was designed according to the cases study approach in which the Atlas.ti tool was used. The main argument of the thesis is to state that the studied ecovillages are cocreating new types of relationships in nature, which can be read as a transition of the dual ontology towards a relational ontology in which it tries to overcome the disconnection humanity - nature. This ontological transition implies a cycle of individual transformation, with other humans and beings, cocreating knowledge, practices and values respect to life. In this process, they have accepted the category of Good Living to guide their community purposes and the possibility of resignifying knowledge.

RESUMO Apresento uma pesquisa qualitativa cujo objetivo foi compreender como a relação Humanidade-Natureza se expressa no movimento de ecovillages, tomando como referência as ecovilas Anthakarana (Quindío) e Aldea Feliz (Cundinamarca) na Colômbia. Para isso uma investigação documental e uma abordagem empírica foram feitas usando métodos etnográficos que permitiram conhecer a cotidiano, o conhecimento e as práticas dessas comunidades. Um ciclo de análise e interpretação foi concebido de acordo com a abordagem de estudos de caso em que foi utilizada a ferramenta Atlas.ti O principal argumento da tese é propor que as ecovilas estudados estão co-criando novos tipos de relacionamentos na natureza, que podem ser lidos como uma transição da ontologia dual em direção a uma ontologia relacional na qual tentamos superar a desconexão da humanidade - natureza. Esta transição ontológica implica um ciclo de transformação individual, com outros humanos e seres, em que conhecimento, práticas e valores são co-criados com respeito à vida. Em Nesse processo, eles aceitaram a categoria do Boa vida para orientar seus propósitos da comunidade e a possibilidade de ressignificar o conhecimento.

Antropología del pobre y alternativas al desarrollo en Medellín / Anthropology of the Poor and Alternatives to Development in Medellin

Resumen Medellín es una de las ciudades que reporta anualmente uno de los indicadores de concentración de riqueza más altos del mundo, lo que significa que la pobreza es un factor que incide en la vida de la gente y que podría explicar en gran parte las problemáticas de exclusión y violencia. Una mirada desde la antropología de la pobreza permite reconocer los aportes de los movimientos sociales que desde distintas perspectivas se han gestado y que han generado alternativas críticas y emancipatorias. Esta ponencia busca realizar una mirada antropológica a la pobreza en Medellín considerando algunos aportes del pensamiento franciscano y experiencias sociales que han incidido en el buen vivir.

Abstract Medellin is one of the cities, which annually reports one of the highest indicators of concentration of wealth in the world. This means that poverty is a factor that has an impact on people's lives, which in large part it could explain the problems of exclusion and violence. A look from the anthropology of poverty allows to recognize the contributions of social movements, which from different perspectives have been developed and which have generated critical and emancipatory alternatives. This paper aims to make an anthropological look at poverty in Medellin by taking into account some contributions of the Franciscan thought and social experiences, which have influenced good living.

El buen vivir y el no consumo como modelos de desarrollo desde la perspectiva de la bioética global

En este artículo se explica la relación de la actividad industrial con los modelos o ideales de progreso occidental, los cuales están estrechamente ligados al concepto de consumo y crecimiento económico; entornos que le dan sentido a la existencia humana durante la época contemporánea. Asimismo, se plantean postulados para argumentar el fin de la Modernidad y de la idea de progreso occidental, argumentando la necesidad de implementar otros modelos sociales y económicos, desde una perspectiva bioética, en los que prime la compensación ante el daño ambiental y social generado por la explotación de los recursos naturales durante el periodo de la industrialización. De igual forma, se postula un nuevo modelo de decrecimiento económico y de reducción del consumo, estructurado en el concepto quechua de buen vivir o sumak kawsay, que hace referencia al equilibrio generado al llevar una vida digna, que se ve reflejado a la hora de satisfacer las necesidades básicas entre el consumo racional mesurado y la conciencia del cuidado del planeta, para mitigar los daños al ecosistema como una alternativa fundante desde la perspectiva la bioética global.

This article explains the relationship of industrial activity to the models or ideals of Western progress, which are closely linked to the concept of consumption and economic growth; environments that give meaning to human existence in contemporary era. Likewise, postulates raised to argue the end of modernity and the idea of Western progress, arguing the need to implement other social and economic models, from a bioethical perspective, in which the compensation to the environmental and social damage generated by the exploitation of natural resources during the period of industrialization come first. Also, a new model of economic decline and consumption reduction, structured in the Quechua concept of Good Life or sumak kawsay, which refers to the balance generated by leading a dignified life, which is reflected when it's time to satisfy the basic needs of measured rational consumption and the awareness of the care of the planet, to mitigate damage to the ecosystem as a founding alternative from the perspective of global bioethics.

Neste artigo explica-se a relação da atividade industrial com os modelos ou ideais de progresso ocidental, os quais estão intimamente ligados ao conceito de consumo e crescimento econômico; ambientes que dão sentido à existência humana na época contemporânea. Além disso, planteiam-se postulados para argumentar o fim da modernidade e da ideia de progresso ocidental, argumentando a necessidade de implementar outros modelos sociais e econômicos, a partir de uma perspectiva bioética, no qual a prioridade seja a compensação perante o dano ambiental e social gerado pela exploração dos recursos naturais durante o período da industrialização. Da mesma forma, concorre-se um novo modelo de decrescimento econômico e de redução do consumo, estruturado no conceito quíchua de Bem Viver ou sumak kawsay, que faz referencia ao equilibro gerado a o levar uma vida digna, o que se vê refletido na hora de satisfazer as necessidades básicas entre o consumo racional medido e a consciência do cuidado do Planeta, para mitigar os danos ao ecossistema como uma alternativa fundadora a partir da perspectiva da bioética global.

Formación de la competencia ética en técnicos de la salud / Training of the ethical competence in health technicians

La propuesta consiste en la elaboración de una estratégica pedagógica para la formación de la competencia ética en el Técnico Superior en Enfermería, estructurada desde el punto de vista formativo como eje central integrador que permite, de forma coordinada y planificada, llevar el encargo social mediante el establecimiento de pasos y vías, a fin de alcanzar el crecimiento de las partes involucradas para que respondan a las necesidades individuales y exigencias sociales. Se tiene en cuenta además, la relación dialéctica entre bioética global o profunda, filosofía del buen vivir y bioética médica, que supera las concepciones eminentemente médicas de la ética y permite la articulación del pensamiento ético contemporáneo con las ideas que sirven de marco conceptual a la estrategia propuesta(AU)

The proposal consists on the elaboration of a pedagogic strategic for the training of an ethical competence in the Nursing Higher Technician, structured from the training point of view as integrative central axis that allows, in a coordinated and planned way, to carry out the social responsibility by means of the establishment of steps and means, in order to reach the growth of the involved participants so that they respond to the individual necessities and social demands. It is also taken into account, the dialectical relationship between global or deep bioethics, good living philosophy and medical bioethics that overcomes the eminently medical conceptions of the ethics and allows the articulation of the contemporary ethical thought with the ideas that serve as conceptual mark to the proposed strategy(AU)

Servicios de Salud en Ecuador, Entre lo Biológico, Cultural y Social

El artículo intenta mostrar la relación entre dos exigencias de la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008: los principios ancestrales del "Sumak Kawsay" o Buen Vivir y el Sistema Nacional de Salud, el primero equivalente a "salud" como óptima calidad de vida basada en la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas individuales, grupales o culturales y sociales, el segundo como adecuado o no a dichos planteamientos. Se estudió dicha relación mediante una encuesta con los profesionales de salud de los servicios de poblaciones, rurales y urbanas, del sur ecuatoriano. Se encontró que la biomedicina no se coordina con la Atención Primaria de Salud, ni con los principios ancestrales, por lo que el Estado no define aún un adecuado Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se concluye que hay falta de relación entre lo biológico, cultural y social, pues, sólo existen protocolos clínicos pero hay ausencia de normas para lo cultural y lo social. El sistema no es aún integral al no incluir y relacionar lo biomédico con lo cultural y social.

The article intends to show the relationship among two components of the Ecuadorian constitution of 2008: the ancestral "Sumak Kawsay" principles of Well Being and the National Health System, the first one equivalent to health as best quality of life or welfare based on satisfaction of individual, cultural and social needs, and the second the adequacy of the system to such a principles. The relationship was studied through a qualitative survey with health professionals in rural and urban southern Ecuadorian populations. It was founded that biomedicine was not coordinated with Primary Health Care, neither with the ancestral principles, so the State had not already an adequate health system. The conclusion established that there is not a relationship among biological, cultural and social issues. There are only protocols for the clinical issues but not for the cultural and social ones, as protocols were only for clinical purposes, but not for cultural and social cases. The system is not yet integrated with such issues.

Presupuestos ontológicos para la declaración universal de los derechos de la madre tierra / Ontoloical assummptions for the universal declaration of the mother earth'srrights

El Buen Vivir es una utopía que surge en Latinoamérica inspirada en las racionalidades de los pueblos indígenas, campesinos y afro del subcontinente la cual, a contracorriente de los discursos hegemónicos, está teniendo una enorme influencia en las discusiones mundiales sobre la gran crisis civilizatoria. Específicamente, en el presente artículo analizamos el proyecto de declaración universal de los derechos de la Madre Tierra, considerando las bases ontológicas que le dan sustento. El objetivo es comprender la pregunta que interroga por el sentido del ser a través de respuestas en torno a la relacionalidad con el todo, así como discutir la relevancia de considerar estas ontologías en un momento de la historia en donde nos estamos cuestionando por la continuidad de la vida humana en el planeta.

The "Buen Vivir" is a utopia that arises in Latin America inspired by the rationalities of indigenous peoples, peasants and afro-descendant people of the subcontinent which, against the current hegemonic discourses, is having a huge influence in global discussions about the civilization crisis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the universal declaration of Mother Earth's rights draft , considering the ontological foundations that support it. The aim is to understand the question asks about the sense of being through answers around the relationality to the whole, as well as to discuss the relevance of considering these ontological assumptions in a moment of history in which we are challenged by the continuity of human life on the planet.