Psycho-emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing professionals in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To analyse the levels of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and burnout among nursing professionals working in the Imbabura region of Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the contributing socio-occupational factors. BACKGROUND: The high demand for care of COVID-19 patients led to increased work pressure on nurses, owing to increased demands for care and shortages of medical supplies and protective equipment. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire addressed to nursing professionals who cared for COVID-19 patients. METHODS: The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, the Spanish adaptation of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-Spanish), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) for the evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the Spanish adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS-Spanish) for burnout assessment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of the 782 participants, 88.6% had a high level of burnout (MBI-HSS-Spanish scale score > 27). Female nurses, nurses with eight-hour work shifts, and older professionals exhibited high levels of anxiety and depression. Prolonged working hours in COVID-19 patient care services were found to be a risk factor for burnout and post-traumatic stress. CONCLUSIONS: Participating nurses presented with a high level of chronic work stress and exhibited signs of anxiety and depression during the period under consideration. Providing nurses with psychological support measures and performing liaison consultations will alleviate the psychological burden on nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The study has shown that accounting for the environments where the emotional impact is greatest and how to reduce it would not only reduce anxiety, depression, and burnout in nurses but also improve the quality of care, not only in pandemic. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Nurses contributed to the conduct of the study by participating in the data collection via questionaries.

Exploring the fear of clinical errors: associations with socio-demographic, professional, burnout, and mental health factors in healthcare workers - A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: The fear of clinical errors among healthcare workers (HCW) is an understudied aspect of patient safety. This study aims to describe this phenomenon among HCW and identify associated socio-demographic, professional, burnout and mental health factors. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional study targeting HCW in France from May to June 2021. Recruitment was through social networks, professional networks, and email invitations. To assess the fear of making clinical errors, HCW were asked: "During your daily activities, how often are you afraid of making a professional error that could jeopardize patient safety?" Responses were collected on a 7-point Likert-type scale. HCW were categorized into "High Fear" for those who reported experiencing fear frequently ("once a week," "a few times a week," or "every day"), vs. "Low Fear" for less often. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze associations between fear of clinical errors and various factors, including sociodemographic, professional, burnout, and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to explore how this fear fits into a comprehensive theoretical framework. Results: We recruited a total of 10,325 HCW, of whom 25.9% reported "High Fear" (95% CI: 25.0-26.7%). Multivariate analysis revealed higher odds of "High Fear" among males, younger individuals, and those with less professional experience. High fear was more notable among physicians and nurses, and those working in critical care and surgery, on night shifts or with irregular schedules. Significant associations were found between "High Fear" and burnout, low professional support, major depressive disorder, and sleep disorders. Conclusions: Fear of clinical errors is associated with factors that also influence patient safety, highlighting the importance of this experience. Incorporating this dimension into patient safety culture assessment could provide valuable insights and could inform ways to proactively enhance patient safety.

Occupational burnout and their determinants among schoolteachers in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome attributable to cumulative stressors is highly prevalent among teachers. Despite this, knowledge of burnout syndrome among schoolteachers in lower-middle-income countries are limited, therefore we aimed to investigate self-reported occupational burnout syndrome and associated factors among schoolteachers in Nepal. METHODS: A survey was conducted among randomly selected 37 community schools in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2022, with a total sample of 218 schoolteachers (70% male). Occupational burnout was assessed using the Nepali version of the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES). MBI-ES consists of 22 items assessing occupational burnout, which were classified into emotional exhaustion (EE, 9 items, score range: 0-45), depersonalization (DP, 5 items, 0-23), and personal accomplishment (PA, 8 items; 3-48). The greater score in EE and DP and the lower score in PA indicate a higher level of burnout. Various socio-demographic, lifestyle, and work-related factors were examined as determinants of occupational burnout using ANOVA and multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: The mean scores of EE, DP, and PA were 14.99 (Standard Deviation, SD = 9.79), 4.18 (SD = 4.57), and 42.11 (SD = 6.82) respectively. Poor/moderate work ability contributed to poorer ratings of all three dimensions. Teaching special needs students contributed to EE and DP, whereas low physical activity and alcohol intake were associated with PA only. Younger age, being married, language of teaching, having a disability, sub-optimal physical fitness, poor sleep quality, and ever smoking contributed to EE only. CONCLUSION: Occupational burnout among schoolteachers was relatively high. Marital status, lifestyle behavioral, and work-related factors were associated especially with EE and workability was a strong determinant of all three dimensions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05626543.

Fear of COVID-19 associated with burnout syndrome in dentists of the Health Directorate of the National Police of Peru: a cross-sectional study at national level under multivariable regression model.

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic, many police dentists had the crucial responsibility of ensuring law and order while providing dental care by taking government-approved health measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the fear of COVID-19 and Burnout syndrome in Peruvian dentists belonging to the Health Department of the National Police of Peru (PNP), taking into account possible confounding variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study included 182 PNP dentists. The Fear COVID-19 Scale assessed fear of COVID-19 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Test assessed burnout syndrome. The association between the fear of COVID-19 and Burnout syndrome (self-fulfilment) was analyzed using Spearman's Rho. A multivariable Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimation method was employed to evaluate the impact of fear of COVID-19 on the various dimensions of Burnout syndrome, considering possible confounding variables. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Under bivariate analysis, fear of COVID-19 was significantly linked with low direct intensity toward emotional exhaustion (Rho = 0.325, p < 0.001), very low direct intensity toward depersonalization (Rho = 0.180, p = 0.015), and very low inverse intensity toward self-fulfilment (Rho =-0.186, p = 0.012). Under multivariable analysis, it was observed that dentists who exhibited fear of COVID-19 were 3.4 and 3.7 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively (APR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.74-6.63 and APR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.31-10.37), as compared to those who did not display fear of COVID-19. Moreover, none of the potential confounding factors were found to have a significant impact on emotional exhaustion (p > 0.05), depersonalization (p > 0.05), and self-fulfilment (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and inversely associated with self-fulfilment. PNP dentists who exhibited fear of COVID-19 were at greater risk for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In developing Burnout syndrome, no significant impact was observed from factors such as age, gender, marital status, children, hierarchy, years of service, work area, private practice, work over 40 h per week, type of service, work performed, sport practice and daily exercise time.

Prevalence and associated factors of burnout among health sciences students in Spain - a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: There is growing concern about the occurrence burnout syndrome in university students worldwide. This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its associated factors among health sciences students (HSS) from Spain. METHODS: Five databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Dialnet and MEDES) were searched up to January 5, 2023, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Quantitative studies reporting the prevalence of burnout syndrome among HSS from Spanish universities were considered. The reference lists of the selected studies were hand searched. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies with a total of 14,437 HSS were included (11 nursing, 8 Medicine, five Psychology, two Dentistry, one Physiotherapy, one Pharmacy students). Overall, study quality was fair. The most widely used instrument was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The mean prevalence of burnout was 35.3% (k=11 studies). However, rates varied widely across the studies, which may result from methodological differences. Inconsistent associations were found with gender and year of study. The relationship of burnout with academic-and mental-health related variables was consistent across studies. Personal attributes such as higher resilience, are likely protective from burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout seems to be prevalent among HSS in Spain, and can be affected by academic, mental health-related and personality factors. The identification of risk and protective factors of burnout could help develop preventive and management strategies, to ultimately reduce its negative consequences in this population.

The perception of burnout and related influencing factors in Tunisian oncology nurses.

BACKGROUND: Oncology nurses constantly provide emotional support to patients and are confronted with their suffering, which represents chronic stress leading to the development of burnout syndrome. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout and identify associated factors in a sample of oncology nurses. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with 70 oncology nurses at the Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology in Tunisia. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey. This study follows the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Guidelines. RESULTS: Burnout affected 60 nurses (85.7%), with a high level in 20% of cases. High scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment were recorded in 65.7%, 50% and 25.7% respectively. Emotional exhaustion was associated with higher age, marital status, having 2 or 3 or more dependent children, number of patients under care exceeding 15, professional experience and history of psychiatric problems. Depersonalisation was correlated with age, marital status, professional grade and history of psychiatric problems. Low levels of personal accomplishment increased with the number of patients under care, history of psychiatric problems and the regret of professional choice. CONCLUSION: Burn-out is a reality in oncology hospital with an alarming rate. Interventions including rationalisation of workload, support groups, training in emotion and stress management would improve the mental health of these nurses and increase their performance. The screening for burnout should be included as a regular practice in health promotion programmes for oncology health professionals, particularly for a vulnerable subgroup that possesses the risk mentioned above factors.

Síndrome de Burnout um risco aos profissionais de educação física: uma revisão integrativa / Burnout syndrome a risk to physical education profes-sionals: an integrative review / El síndrome de Burnout un riesgo para los profesionales de la educación física: una revisión integrativa

Objetivou-se identificar e analisar as características da síndro-me de burnout em profissionais da educação física no Brasil. Foi realiza-da uma revisão integrativa, entre os meses de janeiro e julho de 2022, com buscas nos BVS/ Portal Bireme, Scielo, Lilacs, e Google Acadêmico. Foram identificados 10 estudos nos últimos 20 anos. A prevalência da síndrome de Burnout foi em média de 11,55%. Os estudos associam o esgotamento profissional a sobrecarga de trabalho, pluriemprego e remuneração inadequada. Desta forma, evidenciou-se os riscos aos quais essa classe profissional é exposta, ressaltando a importância de manter condições e ambientes de trabalhos adequados. Todavia, mais estudos sobre a síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da educação física devém ser conduzidos no Brasil (AU).

This research aimed to identify and analyze the Burnout syn-drome characteristics in physical education professionals in Brazil. An in-tegrative review was carried out, from January to July 2022. The research were performed in the BVS/Portal Bireme, Scielo, Lilacs and Google Scholar. The literature reported 10 studies in Brazil in the last 20 years. In general, the mean prevalence of Burnout syndrome was 11,55%. Moreover, the studies associate professional exhaustion with overwork, multiple jobs and inadequate remuneration. The study highlighted the syndrome incidence and risks to this professional class and emphasized the importance of maintaining adequate working conditions and envi-ronments. However, more studies on Burnout syndrome in physical ed-ucation professionals should be conducted in Brazil (AU).

El objetivo fue identificar y analizar las características del síndrome de burnout en profesionales de educación física en Brasil. Se realizó una revisión integradora entre enero y julio de 2022, con búsque-das en el Portal BVS/Bireme, Scielo, Lilacs y Google Scholar. Se identifica-ron 10 estudios en los últimos 20 años. El predominio del síndrome de Burnout fue en promedio de 11,55%. Los estudios asocian el desgaste profesional con el exceso de trabajo, el pluriempleo y la remuneración inadecuada. De esta manera, se resaltaron los riesgos a los que está ex-puesta esta clase profesional, resaltando la importancia de mantener condiciones y ambientes de trabajo adecuados. Sin embargo, se deben realizar más estudios sobre el síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la educación física en Brasil (AU).

Identificación de dimensiones del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes de Contaduría y Finanzas / Identification of dimensions of burnout syndrome in Accounting and Finance students / Identificação das dimensões da síndrome de burnout em estudantes de Contabilidade e Finanças

El síndrome de burnout, también conocido como síndrome del desgaste o agotamiento físico y mental, constituye un problema de gran repercusión social en nuestros días. Objetivo. Identificar las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes universitarios de la Carrera de Contaduría y Finanzas. Materiales y Método. Se desarrolló bajo un diseño observacional de corte transversal. En este sentido, un total de 161 estudiantes participaron en la investigación. Se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators. Resultados. Los participantes al ser clasificados en las diferentes dimensiones del síndrome burnout mostraron como regularidad diferencias significativas (p<1.056e-06), (p<1.199e-10), (p<1.309e-13) con 74 (46%) y 57 (35%), 85 (53%) y 47 (29%) y 91 (56%) y 39 (24%) para los niveles bajo y alto de las dimensiones agotamiento emocional, cinismo e ineficacia profesional, respectivamente. No se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas entre las dimensiones del síndrome y las variables edad, género y estado civil de los participantes. Conclusión. Existen diferencias significativas entre los valores de las dimensiones del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes de la Carrera de Contaduría y Finanzas; la mayor cantidad de participantes clasifican en los niveles bajo y alto de las tres dimensiones. Por otro lado, no se observaron asociaciones estadísticas al clasificar a los participantes según edad, género y estado civil. Estos hallazgos brindan información relevante sobre la prevalencia de las dimensiones del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes, lo que puede ser útil para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y apoyo.

Burnout syndrome, also known as burnout syndrome or physical and mental exhaustion, is a problem of great social repercussion nowadays. Objective. To identify the dimensions of burnout syndrome in university students of Accounting and Finance. Materials and Method. The study was developed under a cross-sectional observational design. In this sense, a total of 161 students participated in the research. The Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators was used. Results. The participants when classified in the different dimensions of burnout syndrome showed as regularity significant differences (p<1.056e-06), (p<1.199e-10), (p<1.309e-13) with 74 (46%) and 57 (35%), 85 (53%) and 47 (29%) and 91 (56%) and 39 (24%) for the low and high levels of the dimensions emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional inefficacy, respectively. No statistical associations were found between the dimensions of the syndrome and the variables age, gender and marital status of the participants. Conclusion. There are significant differences between the values of the dimensions of burnout syndrome in Accounting and Finance students; most participants are classified in the low and high levels of the three dimensions. On the other hand, no statistical associations were observed when classifying participants according to age, gender and marital status. These findings provide relevant information on the prevalence of the dimensions of burnout syndrome in students, which may be useful for the development of prevention and support strategies.

A síndrome de burnout, também conhecida como síndrome de esgotamento ou exaustão física e mental, é um problema com grandes repercussões sociais nos dias de hoje. Objetivos. Identificar as dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes universitários de Contabilidade e Finanças. Material e Método. O estudo foi realizado através de um desenho observacional transversal. Participaram da pesquisa 161 estudantes. Foi utilizado o Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators. Resultados. Os participantes quando classificados nas diferentes dimensões da síndrome de burnout apresentaram regularmente diferenças significativas (p<1,056e-06), (p<1,199e-10), (p<1,309e-13) com 74 (46%) e 57 (35%), 85 (53%) e 47 (29%) e 91 (56%) e 39 (24%) para os níveis baixo e alto das dimensões exaustão emocional, cinismo e ineficácia profissional, respetivamente. Não foram encontradas associações estatísticas entre as dimensões da síndrome e as variáveis idade, género e estado civil dos participantes. Conclusões. Existem diferenças significativas entre os valores das dimensões da síndrome de burnout em estudantes de Contabilidade e Finanças; a maioria dos participantes está classificada nos níveis baixo e alto das três dimensões. Por outro lado, não foram observadas associações estatísticas ao classificar os participantes de acordo com a idade, o género e o estado civil. Estes resultados fornecem informações relevantes sobre a prevalência das dimensões da síndrome de burnout em estudantes, o que pode ser útil para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e apoio.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the burnout syndrome assessment scale in nurses.

Objective: This study aimed to translate the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale (BOSAS) into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among Chinese emergency department and ICU nurses. Methods: The scale was translated into Chinese using Brislin's translation principle. A total of 626 nurses from Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces in China participated in an online questionnaire survey. The survey included the general information questionnaire for nurses developed by the research team and the Chinese version of the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the scale were analyzed using SPSS.25 and AMOS.24 software. Results: The Chinese version of the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale consists of a total of 20 items, encompassing two dimensions: personal burnout and job burnout. This structure is consistent with the original English version of the scale. The Chinese version of BOSAS demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.941. Additionally, the scale exhibited good split-half reliability (0.765) and test-retest reliability (0.871). The content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.971, indicating strong content validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the same 2-factor structure as the original scale, and confirmatory factor analysis further validated this structure, with all fit indices indicating appropriateness. Conclusion: The Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale has been successfully introduced and its reliability and validity have been verified in Chinese emergency department and ICU nurses.

The prevalence of imposter syndrome among neurosurgeons in Europe: An EANS YNC survey.

Introduction: Imposter syndrome (IS), characterized by persistent doubts about one's abilities and fear of exposure as a fraud, is a prevalent psychological condition, particularly impacting physicians. In neurosurgery, known for its competitiveness and demands, the prevalence of IS remains high. Research question: Recognizing the limited literature on IS within the neurosurgical community, this European survey aimed to determine its prevalence among young neurosurgeons and identify associated factors. Material and methods: The survey, conducted by the Young Neurosurgeon Committee of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, gathered responses from 232 participants. The survey included demographics, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Survey (CIPS), and an analysis of potential compensatory mechanisms. Results: Nearly 94% of respondents exhibited signs of IS, with the majority experiencing moderate (36.21%) or frequent (40.52%) symptoms. Analyses revealed associations between IS and factors such as level of experience, sex, and board-certification. Discussion and conclusion: The findings suggest a significant prevalence of IS among young neurosurgeons, with notable associations with sex and level of experience. Compensatory mechanisms, such as working hours, article reading, and participation in events, did not show significant correlations with IS. Notably, male sex emerged as an independent protective factor against frequent/intense IS, while reading more than five articles per week was identified as a risk factor. The identification of protective and risk factors, particularly the influence of gender and reading habits, contributes valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate IS and improve the well-being of neurosurgeons.

Anxiety, depression, and alcohol use disorder in dermatologists: relationship with burnout and associated risk factors.

Burnout syndrome is a mental health condition related to chronic occupational stress; its prevalence, as well as its relationship with other mental health disorders in physicians, has become a topic of growing interest. However, no studies with large sample sizes evaluate this association in dermatologists. With this background, a cross-sectional study was designed, which included 420 Spanish dermatologists; the mean age was 44.5 years (12.39), and 62% (260/420) were women. Eleven percent (45/420) of the participants presented a moderate risk of burnout, more than half of the sample had at least one of the burnout symptoms, 47% (198/420) had some degree of anxiety, and 20.3% (85/420) presented some degree of depression. Less than 1% (4/420) demonstrated a high risk of alcohol use disorder. Being female was associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, men and residents showed an increasedrisk of alcohol use disorder. Burnout and its domains showed a significative association with depression and anxiety, while no relationship with alcohol abuse was observed.

Exposure to Stress and Burnout Syndrome in Healthcare Workers, Expert Workers, Professional Associates, and Associates in Social Service Institutions.

Background and Objectives: Workplace burnout syndrome is often as sociated with particular aspects of certain job positions, especially those that entail working with people with special needs. The burnout syndrome in healthcare jobs is a serious problem that has grown into an epidemic among healthcare workers and associates. The aim of this research is to assess the presence of stress and burnout syndrome at work with healthcare workers, expert workers, professional associates, and associates in social service institutions in Belgrade. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in the form of a cross-sectional study of a representative sample in social institutions in Belgrade. It was conducted from March to the end of June of 2023. The sample of the study had 491 participants. The questionnaires used were a structured instrument with social-demographic and social-economic characteristics, workplace characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, and the following questionnaires: DASS-21, Copenhagen, Brief Resilience Scale, and Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Results: The end results indicate the following to be significant risk factors for the occurrence of workplace burnout syndrome: overtime (OR = 2.62; CI = 1.50-4.56), BRS average score (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.17-0.44), DASS21 D heightened depression (OR = 2.09; CI = 1.1-4.04), DASS21 A heightened anxiety (OR = 2.38; CI = 1.34-4.21), and DASS21 S heightened stress (OR = 2.08; CI = 1.11-3.89). The only protective risk factor that stood out was the self-assessment of health levels (OR = 0.60; CI = 0.42-0.85). Conclusion: Overtime is a significant factor associated with workplace burnout. Apart from it, other significant factors associated with workplace burnout were heightened depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

Job satisfaction and burnout syndrome among intensive-care unit nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The severe conditions often experienced in an intensive care unit, combined with poor working conditions, increase stress and therefore decrease job satisfaction. Sustained stress in the workplace leads to the development of burnout, a syndrome characterised by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and perceived lack of personal fulfilment. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between burnout syndrome and job satisfaction among ICU personnel. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were used. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The study sample consisted of 18 quantitative primary studies conducted in the last five years. Validated questionnaires were used to assess burnout in ICU healthcare workers, the most commonly used being the Maslach Burnout Inventory. EXTRACTION METHODS: The search equation applied was: "job satisfaction AND nurs* AND burnout AND (ICU OR intensive care units)". The search was performed in October 2022. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The search returned 514 results. Only 73 articles met the eligibility criteria. After reading the title and abstract, 20 articles were selected. After reading the full texts, 12 articles remained and after the reverse search, 18 articles were finally selected. The studies reported a 50% prevalence of burnout, all three dimensions of which were heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the study findings revealed an inverse association between burnout and job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Job dissatisfaction of ICU nurses depends on lack of experience, working conditions or working environment among others. ICU nurses with lower job satisfaction have higher levels of burnout. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: This meta-analysis shows the potential value of job satisfaction on improving health outcomes related to burnout syndrome for nursing professional in Intensive Care Units. Different factors that could increase job satisfaction and consequently protect them from suffering high levels of burnout, such as salary, permanence in the service, mental health care are the responsibility of the hospital supervisor and, finally, of the own Health System. Knowledge of a risk profile based on the factors influencing job dissatisfaction would enable the implementation of effective workplace interventions to reduce or prevent the risk of burnout. Health policies should focus on protecting the worker, so in addition to improving working conditions, it would be interesting to promote coping skills in order to improve the quality of care and patient safety.

Burnout in Neurosurgery.

BACKGROUND: Burnout is a pervasive psychosocial syndrome that manifests as a chronic response to interpersonal stressors encountered in the occupational setting. Neurosurgeons exhibit a high prevalence rate of burnout, ranging from 33% to 67%. The primary objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome within the neurosurgical community and identify the contributing factors. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted utilizing an anonymous survey format, incorporating the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) questionnaire. Additional inquiries were made regarding demographic characteristics, occupational factors, lifestyle choices, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. The survey was disseminated between March 23rd, 2023, and April 4th, 2023, utilizing the email registries of the Spanish Society of Neurosurgery (SENEC) and the Latin American Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (FLANC). Descriptive analysis was performed, comparing responses between participants with and without burnout syndrome using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test to assess the presence of dependency. RESULTS: A total of 282 neurosurgeons completed the survey. The sample comprised 30.1% females and 69.9% males, with a median age within the 30-40 range. Among the surveyed neurosurgeons, 66.7% exhibited a prevalence of burnout, while 23.4% met the criteria for defined burnout. Significantly higher rates of burnout syndrome were observed among residents, specifically those in their fifth year of residency, as well as those whose departments perform a moderate range of surgeries (500-1000), participating in on-call duties, lacking regular physical exercise (at least twice a week), engaging infrequently in social activities with friends, lacking extracurricular hobbies, and obtaining scores exceeding 10 points in any of the HADS subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout syndrome affects nearly a quarter of the neurosurgical specialists included in this study. Moreover, a distinct profile associated with defined burnout among neurosurgeons emerges, encompassing characteristics such as being a fifth-year resident, belongs to departments with a moderate number of surgeries, with few extra-occupational distractions and exhibiting symptoms of depression or anxiety.

Síndrome de desgaste profesional en el personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Burnout Syndrome in Health Care Personnel During the COVID-19Pandemic

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) define el estrés laboral como una reacción que puede manifestarse ante exigencias y presiones laborales que ponen a prueba la capacidad que tiene cada persona para afrontar ciertas situaciones y que se agravan en el personal de salud que atiende pacientes con la COVID-19. Es decir, lo que resulta del desequilibrio entre las presiones y exigencias a las que se enfrenta el individuo, por una parte, y los conocimientos adquiridos por otra parte. El Síndrome de desgaste profesional, conocido también como síndrome de agotamiento emocional o psicológico, o por el anglicismo burnout, es un tipo de estrés laboral que engloba un estado de agotamiento físico, emocional y mental que conlleva a consecuencias individuales y sociales. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es identificar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del Síndrome de desgaste profesional en el personal de salud relacionado con la atención de pacientes con la COVID-19. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, se incluyeron artículos originales, estudios aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas y otros textos en español e inglés, publicados durante el periodo 2020-2023. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados en la literatura para el desarrollo de Síndrome de desgaste profesional fueron la juventud, sexo femenino, la soltería, la carga de trabajo y el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los profesionales.

The WHO defines occupational stress as a reaction that may occur when a person is faced with work-related demands and pressures that test the individual's ability to cope with certain situations, and it exacerbates in healthcare personnel who provide care to patients with COVID-19. That is, what results from the imbalance between the pressures and demands that the individual faces, on the one hand, and the knowledge acquired on the other hand. Burnout syndrome is a type of work-related stress that encompasses a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion that leads to individual and social consequences. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the risk factors for the development of Burnout Syndrome in health personnel related to the care of patients with COVID-19. A search was carried out in the PubMed database, including original articles, randomized studies, systematic reviews, and textbooks in Spanish and English, published during the period 2020-2023. The main risk factors for the development of Burnout Syndrome identified in the literature were youth, female sex, singleness, workload and the level of job satisfaction of the professionals

COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on medical interns' mental health of public and private hospitals in Guadalajara.

INTRODUCTION: Burnout syndrome is a global burden characterized by exhaustion, work detachment, and a sense of ineffectiveness. It affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence among medical students. Factors such as demanding education, exposure to suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to elevated stress levels. Addressing this issue is crucial due to its impact on well-being and health-care quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional survey study assessed fear of COVID-19 and burnout levels among medical student interns in hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The study used validated scales and collected data from September 2021 to September 2022. A snowball sampling method was employed and a minimum sample size of 198 participants was calculated. RESULTS: This study included 311 medical students (62.1% female and 37.9% male with a mean age of 23.51 ± 2.21 years). The majority were in their second semester of internship (60.5%) and from public hospitals (89.1%). Most students believed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of their internship (82.6%). Female students had higher personal burnout scores, while male students had higher work-related burnout scores. The mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 13.71 ± 6.28, with higher scores among women (p = 0.004) and those from public hospitals (p = 0.009). A positive weak correlation was found between COVID-19 scores and burnout subscales. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the significant impact of various factors on burnout levels among medical students and health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prolonged exposure to COVID-19 patients, reduced staffing, and increased workload contributed to burnout, affecting well-being and quality of care. Targeted interventions and resilience-building strategies are needed to mitigate burnout and promote well-being in health-care settings.

Occurrences of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome in ICU staff workers after two-year of the COVID-19 pandemic: the international PSY-CO in ICU study.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed at assessing the prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (main objective), anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome (BOS) and their associated factors in intensive care unit (ICU) staff workers in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An international cross-sectional multicenter ICU-based online survey was carried out among the ICU staff workers in 20 ICUs across 3 continents. ICUs staff workers (both caregivers and non-caregivers) were invited to complete PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires for assessing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and the different components of BOS, respectively. A personal questionnaire was used to isolate independent associated factors with these disorders. RESULTS: PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires were completed by 585, 570, and 539 responders, respectively (525 completed all questionnaires). PTSD was diagnosed in 98/585 responders (16.8%). Changing familial environment, being a non-caregiver staff worker, having not being involved in a COVID-19 patient admission, having not been provided with COVID-19-related information were associated with PTSD. Anxiety was reported in 130/570 responders (22.8%). Working in a public hospital, being a woman, being financially impacted, being a non-clinical healthcare staff member, having no theoretical or practical training on individual preventive measures, and fear of managing COVID-19 patients were associated with anxiety. Depression was reported in 50/570 responders (8.8%). Comorbidity at risk of severe COVID-19, working in a public hospital, looking after a child, being a non-caregiver staff member, having no information, and a request for moving from the unit were associated with depression. Having received no information and no adequate training for COVID-19 patient management were associated with all 3 dimensions of BOS. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that ICU staff workers, whether they treated COVID-19 patients or not, have a substantial prevalence of psychological disorders.

Enfermedad mental entre los profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Mental illness among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: La enfermedad mental se ha convertido en objeto de estudios científicos de actualidad en detrimento de las consecuencias de la reciente pandemia del nuevo coronavirus, especialmente entre los profesionales de la salud, debido a su intrínseca relación en la asistencia a las víctimas de covid-19 y la sobrecarga de trabajo en ese período. Objetivo:Investigar la enfermedad mental entre los profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia por covid-19. Materiales y Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en municipio de Paraíba, con 126 profesionales de la salud de diferentes servicios en el municipio. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico con 10 preguntas y dos instrumentos validados, el Maslach Burnout Inventory y el Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Resultados: La mayoría es mujer (n=105), edad entre 26 y 36 años (n=49), con nivel técnico (n=37), agentes comunitarios de salud (n=39), trabajaban desde hace más de 10 años (n=62), con carga horaria de hasta 48 horas semanales (n=95), no hacían uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos (n=109) o terapia (n=115) en los últimos 12 meses. Se encontró que 30,96% tenían algún grado de depresión, 39,68% sufrían con algún grado de ansiedad y 38,88% sufrían de estrés. Se identificó Burnout moderado (n=86), y la mayoría se encontraba en la fase de despersonalización. Conclusión: Considerando los agravios psíquicos a la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud, como la ansiedad, la depresión, el estrés y el síndrome de Burnout, los resultados de este estudio son importantes, ya que permiten la elaboración de medidas, protocolos y asistencia psicológica a los profesionales de la salud (AU)

Introdução: O adoecimento mental se tornou alvo de estudos científicos da atualidade em detrimento das consequências da recente pandemia do novo coronavírus, especialmente entre os profissionais de saúde devido sua intrínseca relação na assistência as vítimas da COVID-19 e a sobrecarga de trabalho nesse período.Objetivo: Investigar o adoecimento mental entre os profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia pela COVID-19.Materiais e Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em município paraibano, com 126 profissionais da saúde de diferentes serviços no município. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico com 10 questões e dois instrumentos validados, o Maslach Burnout Inventory e o Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Resultados: A maioria são mulheres (n=105), idade entre 26 a 36 anos (n=49), com nível técnico (n=37), agentes comunitários de saúde (n=39), trabalhavam há mais de 10 anos (n=62), com carga horária de até 48 horas semanais (n=95), não faziam uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos (n=109) ou terapia (n=115) nos últimos 12 meses. Verificou-se que 30,96% tinham algum grau de depressão, 39,68% sofriam com algum grau de ansiedade e 38,88% sofriam com estresse. Foi identificado burnout moderado (n=86), e a maioria encontrava-se na fase da despersonalização.Conclusão: Considerando os agravos psíquicos à saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde, a exemplo da ansiedade, depressão, estresse e a síndrome de burnout, os achados deste estudo são importantes, uma vez que permitem a elaboração de medidas, protocolos e assistência à saúde psicológica aos profissionais de saúde (AU)

Introduction: Mental illness has become the target of current scientific studies to the detriment of the consequences of the recent pandemic of the new coronavirus, especially among health professionals due to its intrinsic relationship in the care of victims of covid-19 and the work overload in this period. Objective: To investigate mental illness among health professionals during the covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted in a municipality of Paraíba, with 126 health professionals from different services in the city. A sociodemographic questionnaire with 10 questions was used, in addition to two validated instruments, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results: The majority is woman (n=105), aged between 26 and 36 years (n=49), with technical level (n=37), community health agents (n=39), worked for more than 10 years (n=62), had a workload of up to 48 hours per week (n=95), did not use psychotropic drugs (n=109) or therapy (n=115) in the last 12 months. It was found that 30.96% had some degree of depression, 39.68% suffered with some degree of anxiety and 38.88% suffered with stress. Moderate Burnout was identified (n=86), and most were in the depersonalization phase. Conclusion: Considering the mental health problems of health professionals, such as anxiety, depression, stress and Burnout syndrome, the findings of this study are important, since they allow the development of measures, psychological health care to health professionals (AU)

Vocal Problems and Burnout Syndrome in Nonuniversity Teachers in Galicia, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Voice disorders and burnout syndrome are common among teachers. This study aimed to explore the relationship among vocal problems, burnout syndrome, and some personal work factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 90 nonuniversity teachers who completed the Multidimensional Vocal Scale for Teachers (EVM-D) to evaluate vocal problems and an adapted Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) to detect burnout syndrome. RESULTS: Overall, 16% of teachers expressed symptoms compatible with burnout, and 60% of them were in the interval above the 75th percentile of the EVM-D, i.e., they had a high risk of vocal problems. An association between burnout and more vocal problems was established among teachers, particularly between the vocal symptoms and vocal abuse dimensions with the emotional exhaustion subscale of the MBI-ES. A history of anxiety/depression and fewer years of professional experience were associated with more vocal problems. The burnout group perceived more "loss of vocal power," "vocal fatigue," "vocal effort," and "hoarseness." Vocal abuse items received the highest scores of EVM-D. However, only "shouting" in the classroom was significantly different between the groups with and without burnout. CONCLUSION: Emotional exhaustion of burnout syndrome, history of anxiety/depression, and a shorter professional experience were associated with vocal problems, which could limit the performance of teachers. Reducing classroom noise, establishing strategies to avoid shouting, or strengthening personal accomplishments in teachers could be useful in breaking the cycle of vocal problems and emotional exhaustion, particularly at the beginning of their professional experience.