RESUMO
RESUMEN Antecedentes: el carcinoma de células de Hürtlhe (CCH) de la glándula tiroides representa el 0,4-10% de los tumores diferenciados de tiroides. Se trataría de un carcinoma diferenciado de entidad propia. El tratamiento resulta controvertido dado que no existen estudios controlados prospectivos aleatorizados que validen la extensión de la tiroidectomía y la eficacia del tratamiento adyuvante con yodo radiactivo o radioterapia. Objetivo: analizar los factores pronósticos y de tratamiento que afectan la supervivencia del CCH. Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de las bases MEDLINE, EMBASE COCHRANE y LILACS-BIREME con el objetivo de encontrar literatura relevante con respecto a los factores de riesgo y pronóstico que influyen en la supervivencia. Resultados: se identificaron el género masculino, tamaño tumoral > 4 cm, la invasión ganglionar y extratiroidea y las metástasis a distancia como factores de mal pronóstico. La tiroidectomía total muestra una tendencia favorable a la mayor supervivencia. Conclusión: el manejo de los pacientes con CCH continúa presentando aspectos controvertidos. Se requieren investigaciones a gran escala sobre tratamientos multimodales. El Registro Nacional abierto a todos los cirujanos por la AACCyC, cuyos resultados se conocerán en 2023, podrían aportar evidencias de mayor calidad. Los autores son conscientes de que esta presentación contiene fortalezas y debilidades. Entre las primeras, es el primer metanálisis que se realiza sobre factores pronóstico y de supervivencia del CCH; sin embargo, el grado de heterogeneidad de los trabajos resulta muy alto para algunas variables y no ha sido posible incluir otros factores de riesgo que puedan afectar el pronóstico.
ABSTRACT Background: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) of the thyroid gland, which accounts for about 0.4-10% of all differentiated thyroid cancer, is considered differentiated carcinoma with a distinct entity. The treatment of this disease is controversial since there are no prospective randomized controlled trials validating the extent of thyroidectomy and the efficacy of adjuvant treatment with radioactive iodine or radiation therapy. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic factors affecting survival of patients with HCC. Material and methods: We performed an electronic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and LILACS-BIREME databases to find relevant literature regarding risk and prognostic factors affecting survival. Results: Male sex, tumor size > 4 cm, lymph node involvement, extrathyroid extension and distant metastases were associated with adverse outcome. Total thyroidectomy showed a trend toward higher survival. Conclusions: The management of patients with HCC is still controversial. Large-scale research on multimodal treatments is required. The AACCyC national registry which is opened to all surgeons will provide high quality evidence on the matter. The authors are aware of the strengths and weaknesses of this presentation. This is the first meta-analysis on risk factors and survival of HCC; however, the degree of heterogeneity of the studies was very high for some variables and it was not possible to include in this analysis other risk factors that could affect the prognosis.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon thyroid cancer historically considered to be a variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The aim of this study was to assess the differences between these groups in terms of clinical factors and prognoses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 230 patients (153 with FTC and 77 with HCC) with a median follow-up of 13.4 years were studied. The different characteristics were compared using SPSS version 20 statistical software. RESULTS: Patients with HCC were older (57.3±13.8 years vs. 44.6±15.2 years; P<.001). More advanced TNM stages were also seen in patients with HCC and a greater trend to distant metastases were also seen in patients with HCC (7.8% vs. 2.7%, P=.078). The persistence/recurrence rate at the end of follow-up was higher in patients with HCC (13% vs. 3.9%, P=.011). However, in a multivariate analysis, only age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.17; P=.001), size (HR 1.43, CI 1.05-1.94; P=.021), and histological subtype (HR 9.79, CI 2.35-40.81; P=.002), but not presence of HCC, were significantly associated to prognosis. CONCLUSION: HCC is diagnosed in older patients and in more advanced stages as compared to FTC. However, when age, size, and histological subtype are similar, disease-free survival is also similar in both groups.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patologia , Adenoma Oxífilo/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/cirurgia , Adenoma Oxífilo/radioterapia , Adenoma Oxífilo/secundário , Adenoma Oxífilo/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/secundário , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , TireoidectomiaRESUMO
Objetivo: el fin de este artículo es dar a conocer la experiencia del manejo multidisciplinario de un caso documentado de carcinoma de células de Hürthle en el que se encontró captación con I-131 y por lo tanto opción terapéutica con el mismo. Presentación de caso: se trata de una paciente en la sexta década de la vida, diagnosticada inicialmente con bocio difuso quien fue manejada con terapia de sustitución hormonal con análogos de tiroxina sin respuesta satisfactoria, por lo que se realizó biopsia tiroidea, cuyo resultado reportó neoplasia de células de Hürthle de comportamiento inespecífico. Se realizó tiroidectomía oncológica y linfadenectomía. Se realizó revisión de placas de patología y se llegó a un diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de Hürthle. Se llevó el caso a junta multidisciplinaria y se decide terapia con I-131 pero este proceso llevó a que la terapia se realizara de forma tardía; aun así se evidencia en el rastreo postratamiento, captación en adenopatía cervical. Finalmente, presentó recaída pulmonar 12 meses después. Este tipo de tumor es un desafío para los médicos tratantes por la incertidumbre en su historia natural, en su tratamiento y en la utilidad del I-131, esta última es muy debatida debido a su alta tendencia a la desdiferenciación y al bajo porcentaje de los mismos que presentan captación del radiofármaco. Es incierto si la paciente de este caso se hubiese podido beneficiar de una terapia ablativa con I-131 más temprana disminuyendo el riesgo de recaída luego de haberse documentado avidez tumoral por el mismo
Objetive: The objective is to present a case with successful I-131 uptake in a patient with Hürthle cell carcinoma. Case presentation: A 60 years old female patient with diagnosed goiter, that was treated with thyroid hormone analogues that didn't decreased the growth of the mass; due to that, it was biopsied. The report of the pathology reported a Hürthle cell neoplasm with indeterminate behavior, lately oncologic thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed, from which the pathology plates were revised showing a definitive diagnosis of Hurthle cell carcinoma. The case was reviewed in a medical board where I-131 therapy was suggested. In the postheraphy scan performed, there was evidence of I-131 uptake in the neck and in an adenopathy. Twelve months later, there was evidence of pulmonary relapse. Is an uncertainty to know if the patient in this case would have been able to benefit from an early ablative therapy with I-131 decreasing the risk of relapse after having documented tumor avidity for it. The Hürthle thyroid carcinoma is rare, and its natural history is still controversial because it's challenging diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Because there is no definitive agree about his integral approach despite it has been considered differentiated thyroid cancer even therapy with I-131 is still debated
Objetivo: O fim deste artigo é dar a conhecer a experiência do manejo multidisciplinar de um caso documentado de carcinoma de células de Hürthle no qual encontrou-se captação com I-131 e pelo tanto opção terapêutica com o mesmo. Presentación de caso: Trata-se de uma paciente na sexta década da vida, diagnosticada inicialmente com bócio difuso que foi tratada com terapia de substituição hormonal com análogos de tiroxina sem resposta satisfatória, pelo que se realizou biopsia tireóidea, cujo resultado reportou neoplasia de células de Hürthle de comportamento inespecífico. Realizou-se tireoidectomia oncológica e linfadenectomia. Realizou-se revisão de placas de patologia e chegou-se a um diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de Hürthle. Levouse o caso à junta multidisciplinar e decide-se terapia com I-131 mas este processo levou a que a terapia se realizara de forma tardia; ainda assim evidencia-se no rastreamento pós-tratamento captação em adenopatia cervical. Finalmente, apresentou recaída pulmonar 12 meses depois. Este tipo de tumor pe um desafio para os médicos tratantes pela incerteza na sua história natural, no seu tratamento e na utilidade do I-131, esta útlima é muito debatida devido à sua alta tendência à desdiferenciação e à baixa percentagem dos mesmos que apesentam captação do radiofármaco. É incerto se a paciente deste caso se tivesse conseguido beneficiar de uma terapia ablativa com I-131 mais temporã diminuindo o risco de recaída após ter-se documentado avidez tumoral pelo mesmo
