Análise comparativa das características e qualidade do acabamento de superfície de preparo em dentina bovina com ultrassom piezoelétrico e pontas diamantadas de alta rotação / Comparative analysis of the characteristics and quality of the preparation surface finish in bovine dentin with piezoelectric ultrasound and high-speed diamond burs

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar, in vitro, as características e qualidade do acabamento de superfície em dentes bovinos, através da análise de rugosidade superficial e análise de imagens em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Apesar de amplamente utilizadas, as pontas diamantadas apresentam limitações como baixa durabilidade e suas repetidas esterilizações causam diminuição da capacidade de corte. Com o surgimento das pontas odontológicas de diamante CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), sua indicação tem sido ampliada como alternativa, pois associadas a aparelhos de ultrassom apresentam boa resistência ao desgaste. Oitenta dentes bovinos foram selecionados para este estudo e foram divididos em oito grupos de acordo com o tipo de ponta utilizada para confecção do desgaste do preparo protético: Grupo I ­ ponta diamantada KG nº2135 acoplada em alta rotação (AR) grupo controle; Grupo II - ponta diamantada KG nº2135 (AR), ponta diamantada CVDentus CR4 acoplada em ultrassom (US); Grupo III - ponta diamantada KG nº2135 (AR), ponta diamantada CVDentus CR4 seguida da ponta CR4U, acopladas em US; Grupo IV ­ ponta diamantada KG nº2135 (AR), ponta diamantada TR18-H CVDentus AR; Grupo V ­ ponta diamantada KG nº2135 acoplada em AR, seguido de broca carbide multilaminada 30 lâminas de acabamento de preparo, acopladas em baixa rotação; Grupo VI­ ponta diamantada KG nº2135 (AR), seguido de broca carbide multilaminada 30 lâminas e finalização com ponta de borracha, Grupo VII - ponta diamantada KG nº2135 (AR), broca CVDentus TR18-H (AR), ponta diamante CR4-U (CVDentus) (US); Grupo VIII - ponta diamantada KG nº2135 (AR), ponta diamante CR4 (CVDentus), ponta diamante T1-F (US). Após confecção dos preparos, 10 amostras de dentes de cada grupo foram analisados quanto a rugosidade em rugosímetro e duas amostras de cada grupo serão avaliadas por Microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Os dados referentes à avaliação quantitativa (rugosidade superficial) foram submetidos à análise estatística. (AU)

The objective of this work was to compare, in vitro, the characteristics and quality of the surface finish in bovine teeth, through the analysis of surface roughness and image analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Despite being widely used, diamond burs have limitations such as low durability and their repeated sterilization causes a decrease in cutting capacity. With the emergence of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond dental tips, their indication has been expanded as an alternative, because associated with ultrasound devices they present good resistance to wear. Eighty bovine teeth were selected for this study and were divided into eight groups according to the type of tip used to make the prosthetic preparation wear: Group I ­ diamond tip KG nº2135 coupled in high rotation (HR) control group; Group II - diamond bur KG nº2135 (AR), diamond bur CVDentus CR4 coupled to ultrasound (US); Group III - diamond bur KG nº2135 (AR), diamond bur CVDentus CR4 followed by the CR4U bur, coupled in US; Group IV ­ diamond bur KG nº2135 (AR), diamond bur TR18-H CVDentus AR; Group V ­ diamond bur KG nº2135 coupled in AR, followed by a multilaminated carbide bur 30 preparation finishing blades, coupled in low rotation; Group VI ­ diamond bur KG nº2135 (AR), followed by a 30-blade multi-blade carbide bur and finishing with a rubber tip, Group VII ­ diamond bur KG nº2135 (AR), CVDentus bur TR18-H (AR), diamond bur CR4-U (CVDentus) (US); Group VIII - diamond bur KG nº2135 (AR), diamond bur CR4 (CVDentus), diamond bur T1-F (US). After preparation of the preparations, 10 samples of teeth from each group were analyzed for roughness in a rugosimeter and two samples from each group will be evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Data referring to the quantitative evaluation (surface roughness) were subjected to statistical analysis. (AU)

Recent advances in process engineering and upcoming applications of metal-organic frameworks.

Progress in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has advanced from fundamental chemistry to engineering processes and applications, resulting in new industrial opportunities. The unique features of MOFs, such as their permanent porosity, high surface area, and structural flexibility, continue to draw industrial interest outside the traditional MOF field, both to solve existing challenges and to create new businesses. In this context, diverse research has been directed toward commercializing MOFs, but such studies have been performed according to a variety of individual goals. Therefore, there have been limited opportunities to share the challenges, goals, and findings with most of the MOF field. In this review, we examine the issues and demands for MOF commercialization and investigate recent advances in MOF process engineering and applications. Specifically, we discuss the criteria for MOF commercialization from the views of stability, producibility, regulations, and production cost. This review covers progress in the mass production and formation of MOFs along with future applications that are not currently well known but have high potential for new areas of MOF commercialization.

Noninvasive characterization (EPR, µCT, NMR) of 3D PLA electrospun fiber sponges for controlled drug delivery.

Highly porous 3D-scaffolds, made from cut, electrospun PLA fibers, are relatively new and promising systems for controlled drug-delivery applications. Because knowledge concerning fundamental processes of drug delivery from those scaffolds is limited, we noninvasively characterized drug-loading and drug-release mechanisms of these polymer-fiber sponges (PFS). We screened simplified PFS-implantation scenarios with EPR and µCT to quantify and 3D-visualize the absorption of model-biofluids and an oil, a possible drug-loading liquid. Saturation of PFS (6 × 8 mm, h x d) is governed by the high hydrophobicity of the material and air-entrapment. It required up to 45 weeks for phosphate-buffered saline and 11 weeks for a more physiological, surface-active protein-solution, indicating the slow fluid-uptake of PFS as an effective mechanism to substantially prolong the release of a drug incorporated within the scaffold. Medium-chain triglycerides, as a good wetting liquid, saturated PFS within seconds, suggesting PFS potential to serve as carrier-vessels for immobilizing hydrophobic drug-solutions to define a liquid's 3D-interface. Oil-retention under mechanical stress was therefore investigated. 1H NMR permitted insights into PFS-oil interaction, confirming surface-relaxation and restricted diffusion; both did not influence drug release from oil-loaded PFS. Results facilitate better understanding of PFS and their potential use in drug delivery.

CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) - solução para controle de temperatura durante preparo cavitário? / CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) - solution for control of temperature during cavity preparation?

Os procedimentos restauradores em Odontologia utilizam brocas, turbinas de alta rotação, laser e novas tecnologias, como as pontas diamantadas obtidas pelo processo de deposição química a vapor (CVD). O uso incorreto desses métodos pode gerar aquecimento excessivo e agredir o complexo dentinopulpar, provocando lesões que variam de leve à grave e até mesmo a necrose da polpa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar e discutir o aumento de temperatura no complexo dentinopulpar durante o preparo cavitário, causado pelas brocas diamantadas convencionais usadas em turbina de alta rotação, pelo laser e pelas pontas diamantadas CVD acopladas ao ultrassom. Treze estudos foram encontrados após busca na base de dados PubMed no período de 1998 a 2009, sendo quatro relacionados a brocas diamantadas em turbinas de alta rotação, sete acerca de sistemas a laser e dois sobre as pontas CVD. De acordo com a literatura científca pesquisada, pode-se concluir que nenhum dos métodos aumenta a temperatura a ponto de causar injúria pulpar irreversível. Porém, não há estudos suficientes publicados para se afirmar que as pontas diamantadas CVD apresentam-se como a solução para controle do aumento de temperatura durante o preparo cavitário.

The restorative procedures in dentistry use burs, high-speed handpieces, laser and new technologies such as diamond burs obtained by the process of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The misuse of these methods can generate excessive heat, and harm the pulpodentin complex, causing injuries ranging from mild to severe and even necrosis of the pulp. The objective was to review and discuss the temperature increase in pulpodentin complex during cavity preparation, caused by conventional diamond burs used in high-speed handpieces, laser and the CVD ultrasound diamond burs. Thirteen studies were found after a search on PubMed database from 1998 to 2009, and 4 were related to diamond burs at high-speed handpieces, 7 about laser systems and 2 about the CVD burs. According to the researched literature, we can conclude that none of the methods increases the temperature to the point of causing irreversible injury on the pulp. However, there are not enough published studies that confrm CVD diamond burs as the solution to controlling the temperature increase during cavity preparation.