Effect of Dietary Frying Fat, Vegetable Oil and Calcium Soaps Of Palm Oil on the Productive Behavior and Carcass Yield of Broiler Chickens

Vegetable oils (VO) and animal fats are conventional lipid sources used in feed formulations. Frying fats (FF) and calcium soaps of palm oil (CaSPO) are low-cost lipid sources. This study evaluated the productive performance of broiler chickens fed diets with CaSPO in substitution for VO or FF. Two hundred, 1-day old male broiler chickens were allocated in a randomized design with factorial arrangement (22). Diets included 2 lipid sources (FF and VO) and 2 CaSPO levels (0 and 50%). The study had two phases (starter and finisher) of 21 days each. For the starter phase there was no effect (p>0.05) of dietary treatments on the chickens productive performance. For the finisher phase birds fed diets with FF had higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio (main effect; p 0.01) than those fed diets with VO. Over the 42-day feeding period animals fed FF had higher feed conversion ratio (main effect; p=0.02) and tended (p=0.08) to show higher feed intake than those fed diets with VO. The CaSPO substitution for VO or FF had no effect (p>0.05) on the productive performance of broiler chickens. There was no influence of treatment on carcass yield. The drumsticks plus thighs were higher (main effect; p 0.01) in birds receiving VO than in those receiving FF. The interaction (fat source*CaSPO) was not significant (p>0.05). These results may indicate that VO is superior to FF and CaSPO may substitute for VO or FF without affecting productive performance of broiler chickens. Lipid source showed small influence on carcass characteristics.

Effect of Dietary Frying Fat, Vegetable Oil and Calcium Soaps Of Palm Oil on the Productive Behavior and Carcass Yield of Broiler Chickens

Vegetable oils (VO) and animal fats are conventional lipid sources used in feed formulations. Frying fats (FF) and calcium soaps of palm oil (CaSPO) are low-cost lipid sources. This study evaluated the productive performance of broiler chickens fed diets with CaSPO in substitution for VO or FF. Two hundred, 1-day old male broiler chickens were allocated in a randomized design with factorial arrangement (22). Diets included 2 lipid sources (FF and VO) and 2 CaSPO levels (0 and 50%). The study had two phases (starter and finisher) of 21 days each. For the starter phase there was no effect (p>0.05) of dietary treatments on the chickens productive performance. For the finisher phase birds fed diets with FF had higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio (main effect; p 0.01) than those fed diets with VO. Over the 42-day feeding period animals fed FF had higher feed conversion ratio (main effect; p=0.02) and tended (p=0.08) to show higher feed intake than those fed diets with VO. The CaSPO substitution for VO or FF had no effect (p>0.05) on the productive performance of broiler chickens. There was no influence of treatment on carcass yield. The drumsticks plus thighs were higher (main effect; p 0.01) in birds receiving VO than in those receiving FF. The interaction (fat source*CaSPO) was not significant (p>0.05). These results may indicate that VO is superior to FF and CaSPO may substitute for VO or FF without affecting productive performance of broiler chickens. Lipid source showed small influence on carcass characteristics.(AU)

Energy sources in low intake supplements on the productive and reproductive performance of Zebu cows / Fontes energéticas em suplementos de baixo consumo sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas zebuínas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of primiparous zebu cows supplemented on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu with supplements of low intake composed of different energy sources in the postpartum period. Sixty cow-calf pairs were divided into three treatments, a standard mineral salt supplement, a supplement based on ground corn and another containing protected fat, under the same conditions of pasture. The cows had an average initial age of 36 months and 295.9 ± 20 kg of initial body weight. The evaluation period lasted from November 2006 to May 2007, the 24 days after delivery until weaning of calves to 192 days of age. Cows fed the supplement based on ground corn (351 g day-1) and protected fat (357 g day-1) showed a similar increase in body weight, which was higher in relation cows fed with the mineral mixture (179 g day-1). Mineral mixture supplementation resulted in body condition score loss of cows between 80 and 136 days after calving. Cows fed energy supplements of low consumption produced more milk, weaned heavier calves and showed higher pregnancy rate than those fed only with the mineral mixture. The use of 3% calcium salts of fatty acids in energy supplements of low consumption did not alter the productive and reproductive performance of primiparous Zebu cows.(AU)

Avaliaram-se diferentes fontes energéticas em suplementos de baixo consumo sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas primíparas zebuínas manejadas em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Foram utilizados 60 pares de vacas/bezerros (as) distribuídos em três tratamentos, suplemento padrão a base de mistura mineral, suplemento com grão de milho moído e suplemento contendo gordura protegida, sob as mesmas condições de pasto. As vacas apresentavam idade média inicial de 36 meses e 295.9 ± 20 kg de peso corporal médio inicial. O período de avaliação se estendeu de novembro de 2006 até maio de 2007, dos 24 dias após o parto até o desmame dos bezerros (as) aos 192 dias de idade. Vacas alimentadas com suplemento à base de grão de milho moído (351 g dia-1) e gordura protegida (357 g dia-1) apresentaram semelhante acréscimo de peso corporal, o qual foi superior às vacas alimentadas com mistura mineral (179 g dia-1). A suplementação com mistura mineral resultou em perda de escore corporal das vacas entre 80 e 136 dias após o parto. Vacas alimentadas com suplementos energéticos de baixo consumo apresentaram maior produção de leite, desmamaram bezerros mais pesados e apresentaram maior taxa de prenhez que aquelas alimentadas com mistura mineral. A utilização de 3% de sabões de cálcio de ácidos graxos em suplementos energéticos de baixo consumo não alterara o desempenho produtivo e e reprodutivo de vacas primíparas zebuínas.(AU)

Energy sources in low intake supplements on the productive and reproductive performance of Zebu cows / Fontes energéticas em suplementos de baixo consumo sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas zebuínas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of primiparous zebu cows supplemented on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu with supplements of low intake composed of different energy sources in the postpartum period. Sixty cow-calf pairs were divided into three treatments, a standard mineral salt supplement, a supplement based on ground corn and another containing protected fat, under the same conditions of pasture. The cows had an average initial age of 36 months and 295.9 ± 20 kg of initial body weight. The evaluation period lasted from November 2006 to May 2007, the 24 days after delivery until weaning of calves to 192 days of age. Cows fed the supplement based on ground corn (351 g day-1) and protected fat (357 g day-1) showed a similar increase in body weight, which was higher in relation cows fed with the mineral mixture (179 g day-1). Mineral mixture supplementation resulted in body condition score loss of cows between 80 and 136 days after calving. Cows fed energy supplements of low consumption produced more milk, weaned heavier calves and showed higher pregnancy rate than those fed only with the mineral mixture. The use of 3% calcium salts of fatty acids in energy supplements of low consumption did not alter the productive and reproductive performance of primiparous Zebu cows.

Avaliaram-se diferentes fontes energéticas em suplementos de baixo consumo sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas primíparas zebuínas manejadas em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Foram utilizados 60 pares de vacas/bezerros (as) distribuídos em três tratamentos, suplemento padrão a base de mistura mineral, suplemento com grão de milho moído e suplemento contendo gordura protegida, sob as mesmas condições de pasto. As vacas apresentavam idade média inicial de 36 meses e 295.9 ± 20 kg de peso corporal médio inicial. O período de avaliação se estendeu de novembro de 2006 até maio de 2007, dos 24 dias após o parto até o desmame dos bezerros (as) aos 192 dias de idade. Vacas alimentadas com suplemento à base de grão de milho moído (351 g dia-1) e gordura protegida (357 g dia-1) apresentaram semelhante acréscimo de peso corporal, o qual foi superior às vacas alimentadas com mistura mineral (179 g dia-1). A suplementação com mistura mineral resultou em perda de escore corporal das vacas entre 80 e 136 dias após o parto. Vacas alimentadas com suplementos energéticos de baixo consumo apresentaram maior produção de leite, desmamaram bezerros mais pesados e apresentaram maior taxa de prenhez que aquelas alimentadas com mistura mineral. A utilização de 3% de sabões de cálcio de ácidos graxos em suplementos energéticos de baixo consumo não alterara o desempenho produtivo e e reprodutivo de vacas primíparas zebuínas.

Suplementação de touros com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e qualidade seminal pré e pós-congelação / Bulls supplemented with calcium soaps of polyunsaturated fatty acids and semen quality before and after freezing

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a qualidade seminal de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA). Vinte touros das raças Angus, Brangus, Hereford e Braford foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, cada um com dez animais. Cada grupo recebeu uma dieta composta de volumoso, ração comercial, sal mineral e um de dois suplementos: funcional com a incorporação de sabões cálcicos de PUFA ou energético, com a incorporação de raspa de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). Durante o período experimental, a qualidade seminal foi avaliada utilizando testes rotineiros (volume, concentração, motilidade em massa, motilidade individual e avaliação da morfologia espermática) e testes complementares (teste hiposmótico, coloração dupla giemsa/tripan-azul e teste de termorresistência). O sêmen in natura do grupo de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de PUFA comercial (Megalac-E®) apresentou aumento na motilidade espermática (83,3% vs. 75,3%), na percentagem de espermatozoides com acrossoma íntegro (94,8% vs. 91,8%) e na percentagem de espermatozoides viáveis (98,0% vs. 96,6%) quando comparado com o sêmen do grupo de touros suplementados com raspa de mandioca (P<0,05). O tipo de suplemento não afetou o volume seminal, a concentração espermática e concentração de testosterona em sangue (P>0,05). Foram encontradas interações entre tratamento e número de coleta para percentagem de espermatozoides morfologicamente normais e percentagem de espermatozoides positivos ao teste hipo-osmótico (P<0,05). Após a descongelação, o tipo de suplemento não afetou a motilidade dos espermatozoides, o teste hipo-osmótico e o teste de termoresistência rápido (P>0,05). A suplementação com sabões cálcicos de PUFA aumentou as percentagens de espermatozoides com acrossoma íntegro (48,0% vs. 39,2%) e de espermatozoides com membrana plasmática integra (51,5% v.s 42,2%) pós-descongelação.(AU)

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate semen quality of bulls supplemented with calcium soaps of fatty acids polyunsaturated. Twenty Angus, Brangus, Hereford and Braford bulls were randomly allocated into two groups, each with ten animals. Each group received a diet consisting of forage, commercial ration, mineral supplements and supplement. Two supplements types were evaluated: functional supplement, with fatty acids polyunsaturated (PUFA) incorporation or energy supplement, with cassava meal (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) incorporation. During trial period the semen quality was evaluated using routine test (volume, concentration, mass motility, individual motility, sperm morphology) and complementary test: (hypo-osmotic test, giemsa/tripan-azul coloration and thermotolerance test). The semen of group bulls supplemented with commercial calcium soaps of PUFA (Megalac-E®) showed greater sperm motility (83.3% vs. 75.3%), percentage of sperm with intact acrosome (94.8% vs. 91.8%) and percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane (98.0% vs. 96.6%) when compared with semen of group bulls supplemented with cassava (P<0.05). The supplement type did not affect semen volume, sperm concentration and testosterone concentration in blood (P>0.05). There were interactions between treatment and collection period for percentage of normal sperm and percentage of spermatozoa with hypo-osmotic positive test (P<0.05). The type of supplement did not affect sperm motility, the hypo-osmotic test and fast thermotolerance test after thawing (P>0.05). PUFA calcium soaps supplementation increased percentage of spermatozoa with plasma membrane integrity (51.5 vs. 42.2%) and spermatozoa intact acrosome (48.0% vs. 39.2%) after thawing.(AU)

Suplementação de touros com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e qualidade seminal pré e pós-congelação / Bulls supplemented with calcium soaps of polyunsaturated fatty acids and semen quality before and after freezing

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a qualidade seminal de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA). Vinte touros das raças Angus, Brangus, Hereford e Braford foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, cada um com dez animais. Cada grupo recebeu uma dieta composta de volumoso, ração comercial, sal mineral e um de dois suplementos: funcional com a incorporação de sabões cálcicos de PUFA ou energético, com a incorporação de raspa de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). Durante o período experimental, a qualidade seminal foi avaliada utilizando testes rotineiros (volume, concentração, motilidade em massa, motilidade individual e avaliação da morfologia espermática) e testes complementares (teste hiposmótico, coloração dupla giemsa/tripan-azul e teste de termorresistência). O sêmen in natura do grupo de touros suplementados com sabões cálcicos de PUFA comercial (Megalac-E®) apresentou aumento na motilidade espermática (83,3% vs. 75,3%), na percentagem de espermatozoides com acrossoma íntegro (94,8% vs. 91,8%) e na percentagem de espermatozoides viáveis (98,0% vs. 96,6%) quando comparado com o sêmen do grupo de touros suplementados com raspa de mandioca (P<0,05). O tipo de suplemento não afetou o volume seminal, a concentração espermática e concentração de testosterona em sangue (P>0,05). Foram encontradas interações entre tratamento e número de coleta para percentagem de espermatozoides morfologicamente normais e percentagem de espermatozoides positivos ao teste hipo-osmótico (P<0,05). Após a descongelação, o tipo de suplemento não afetou a motilidade dos espermatozoides, o teste hipo-osmótico e o teste de termoresistência rápido (P>0,05). A suplementação com sabões cálcicos de PUFA aumentou as percentagens de espermatozoides com acrossoma íntegro (48,0% vs. 39,2%) e de espermatozoides com membrana plasmática integra (51,5% v.s 42,2%) pós-descongelação.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate semen quality of bulls supplemented with calcium soaps of fatty acids polyunsaturated. Twenty Angus, Brangus, Hereford and Braford bulls were randomly allocated into two groups, each with ten animals. Each group received a diet consisting of forage, commercial ration, mineral supplements and supplement. Two supplements types were evaluated: functional supplement, with fatty acids polyunsaturated (PUFA) incorporation or energy supplement, with cassava meal (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) incorporation. During trial period the semen quality was evaluated using routine test (volume, concentration, mass motility, individual motility, sperm morphology) and complementary test: (hypo-osmotic test, giemsa/tripan-azul coloration and thermotolerance test). The semen of group bulls supplemented with commercial calcium soaps of PUFA (Megalac-E®) showed greater sperm motility (83.3% vs. 75.3%), percentage of sperm with intact acrosome (94.8% vs. 91.8%) and percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane (98.0% vs. 96.6%) when compared with semen of group bulls supplemented with cassava (P<0.05). The supplement type did not affect semen volume, sperm concentration and testosterone concentration in blood (P>0.05). There were interactions between treatment and collection period for percentage of normal sperm and percentage of spermatozoa with hypo-osmotic positive test (P<0.05). The type of supplement did not affect sperm motility, the hypo-osmotic test and fast thermotolerance test after thawing (P>0.05). PUFA calcium soaps supplementation increased percentage of spermatozoa with plasma membrane integrity (51.5 vs. 42.2%) and spermatozoa intact acrosome (48.0% vs. 39.2%) after thawing.