Influence of Ulluco Starch Modified by Annealing on the Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Films.

This work aimed to evaluate the use of annealing (ANN) ulluco starch in the preparation of biodegradable films and its impact on the physicochemical properties of the materials. Three film samples (FS1, FS2, and FS3) were prepared at a fixed starch concentration (2.6% w/v) using glycerol as a plasticizer and then compared to a control sample (FSC) prepared with native ulluco starch. The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the films were evaluated. The use of ANN starch decreased the solubility (from 21.8% to 19.5%) and the swelling power (from 299% to 153%) of the film samples. In addition, an increase in opacity and relative crystallinity (from 7.54% to 10.5%) were observed. Regarding the thermal properties, all the samples presented high stability to degradation, with degradation temperatures above 200 °C. However, the samples showed deficiencies in their morphology, which affected the barrier properties. The use of ANN starch has some advantages over native starch in preparing films. However, more analysis is needed to improve the barrier properties of the materials. This work reveals the potential of the ANN ulluco starch for biodegradable film preparation. In addition, the use of modified ulluco starch is an alternative to add value to the crop, as well as to replace non-biodegradable materials used in the preparation of packaging.

Identification of potential plant species hyperaccumulating light rare earth elements (LREE) in a mining area in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Phytoextraction of rare earth elements (REE) from contaminated soils has gained importance during the last few decades. The Poços de Caldas municipality in Brazil is known for its mineral richness, including large reserves of REE. In this study, we report light REE (La, Ce, Sm, Pr, and Nd) in soils and plants collected in an area. Composite soil samples and plant individuals were collected, and total concentrations of LREE in soils were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). The plant available LREE concentrations in soils were estimated upon the acetic acid method (F1 fractions) of the stepwise sequential extraction procedure, together with plant content that was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The total sum concentrations of tested LREE in soils varied from 5.6 up to 37.9 g kg-1, the bioavailable fraction was ca. 1%, and a linear relationship was found between them. The only exception was Sm, whose availability was lesser and did not show a linear relationship. The concentration of LREE in non-accumulator plants varied from 1.3-950 mg kg-1 for Ce, La 1.1-99 mg kg-1, Sm 0.04-9.31 mg kg-1, Pr 0.1-24.1 mg kg-1, and Nd 0.55-81 mg kg-1. The concentration of LREE among shoots did not show a linear relation either with the available fraction or total content. The screening also revealed Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, Thelypteridaceae family, as a promising hyperaccumulator species. The concentrations of LREE among shoots of six individuals of this species were in the ranges from 115 to 1872 mg kg-1 for Ce, La 190-703 mg kg-1, Sm 9-48 mg kg-1, Pr 32-144 mg kg-1, and Nd 105-478 mg kg-1.

A higiene mental ronda a infância: a Clínica de Eufrenia e o Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental, 1934-1939 / Mental hygiene in early childhood: the Clínica de Eufrenia and Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental, 1934-1939

Resumo Analisa-se como a higiene mental se tornou pauta central no debate acerca do desenvolvimento nacional (anos 1920 e 1930), detendo-se nos trabalhos desenvolvidos pela Clínica de Eufrenia (1931), criada pela Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental, e pelo Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental (1934), edificado na reforma Anísio Teixeira, ambos situados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Ainda que com abordagens distintas, trabalharam a criança como lócus para a intervenção e construção do brasileiro do futuro: forte, saudável e produtivo. As análises foram alicerçadas em alguns casos clínicos realizados pelas instituições; nos escritos de seus diretores (os médicos Mirandolino Caldas e Arthur Ramos); e nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Higiene Mental.

Abstract This article analyzes how mental hygiene became a central theme in the debate on national development in the 1920s and 1930s, examining the work of the Clínica de Eufrenia (1931) created by the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental and the Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental (1934), both in Rio de Janeiro and established during the Anísio Teixeira reform. Despite following different approaches, they considered the child as a locus to intervene and construct the Brazilian of the future: strong, healthy, and productive. This analysis includes some clinical cases from these institutions, writings by their directors (the physicians Mirandolino Caldas and Arthur Ramos), and the Brazilian Mental Hygiene Archives.

The use of total diet study for determination of natural radionuclides in foods of a high background radiation area.

The activity concentrations of 40K, 210Pb, 210Po, 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 230Th, 232Th, 234U, and 238U were determined in 82 food samples, grouped into 20 food groups according to the Brazilian Total Diet, which reflects the dietary habits of a population, for the rural and urban areas of Poços de Caldas city, a High Background Radiation Area. The highest activity concentration found in the food samples was due to 40K being present in all types of food. Among the other radionuclides, high activity concentrations were found for 210Pb in beans and salt, 210Po in fish, 226Ra and 228Ra in nuts and seeds. The main food groups that contributed most to the effective dose, in urban and rural regions, were beans and beverages. The effective doses, due to the ingestion of the analysed food groups, were of 0.44 and 0.60 mSv y-1 and the lifetime cancer risks were 1.6 × 10-3 and 2.3 × 10-3 for the urban and rural Poços de Caldas population, respectively.

Influence of Ulluco Starch Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch-Chitosan Biocomposite Films.

This work aimed to prepare ulluco starch (US)/chitosan (Ch) edible films and evaluate the effect of the concentration of US on their physicochemical properties. The use of edible films is a means of adding value to the ulluco crop and evaluating the viability of using new sources to produce packaging materials. Different samples were prepared at different US concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% w/v) and a fixed chitosan concentration (1.5% w/v); then, samples were analyzed, considering their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The US/Ch edible films showed an increase in solubility from 17.5% to 21.7%, swelling power (SP) from 38.9% to 267%, tensile strength (TS) from 3.69 MPa to 10.7 MPa, Young modulus (YM) from 18.0 Pa to 652 Pa, and thermal stability as the US concentration increased. However, samples with low US concentrations showed higher elongation at break (EB) (36.6%) and better barrier properties (WVP) (5.61 × 10-11 g/m s Pa). The films evaluated in this work presented good physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, revealing their potential as packaging material ensuring food security, and demonstrating the technological potential of US.

A new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), with additional data on the anatomy of the reproductive tract

ABSTRACT A new species of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 is described based on nymphs and imagos from Tapias river, Caldas department, Colombia. The mature nymphs were reared until the emergence of the imagos. Thraulodes latinus sp. n. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by: In males, the forewing without cross veins basal to bullae and with 11-14 cross veins distal to bullae, abdominal and legs color pattern, styliger plate redounded, with a long and digitiform median projection and shape of penes with apicolateral area forming an "ear-like" projection. In nymphs, the claws with eight denticles and the general coloration pattern. Additionally, data on the anatomy of the reproductive tract of both the male and female imago of the new species are presented.

Characterization of ulluco starch and its potential for use in edible films prepared at low drying temperature.

The aim of this work was to characterize the starch obtained from ulluco (US) and evaluate its use in edible films prepared using different US concentrations (2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%) at low temperatures (simulating the storage conditions of different foods). US exhibited a high amylose content (35.3%), low stability against thermal degradation, and a B-type crystalline structure. In regards to the edible films prepared from US, good barrier properties related to the semicrystalline region were obtained. In addition, good mechanical properties, opacity and stability against thermal degradation were obtained. The extraction and use of US in the preparation of edible films could be an alternative method for adding value to this crop. Furthermore, the films appear as a potential material for food packaging.

The larva and female of Perigomphus basicornis Amaya-Vallejo, Novelo-Gutiérrez & Realpe, 2017, and the first record of Perigomphus pallidistylus (Belle, 1972) for Colombia (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae).

The larva and female of Perigomphus basicornis are described and illustrated, and compared with the larva and female of P. pallidistylus. The larva of P. basicornis differs from that of P. pallidistylus in having sternum 8 divided in five sclerites, abdominal segments 8 and 9 with small, low protuberances on the tergites and male's epiproct as long as its basal width, mainly. The female of P. basicornis differs from that of P. pallidistylus in having the apical lobes of vulvar lamina wider, with divergent tips. P. pallidistylus is recorded for Colombia for the first time.

A 210Pb chronological study in sediments from poços de caldas alkaline massif (PCAM), Brazil.

The Constant Flux and Constant Sedimentation (CF:CS) of supported/excess 210Pb model was successfully used to study sediment profiles from Antas stream, located in the region of Poços de Caldas city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Historical changes in the region were tracked from evaluating the sedimentation rate by the 210Pb method. In that site, Osamu Utsumi mine was the first mining-industrial complex for the production of concentrated uranium in Brazil. Four sediment testimonies were sampled along Antas stream in order to determine sedimentation rates using 210Pb as geochronometer. 210Pb and 238U activity concentrations were determined in sediment samples by alpha spectrometry, allowing to find the excess 210Pb present in the sediments. Additionally, the main oxides, organic matter, particles size and water composition were determined in order to assist the results interpretation from radionuclides data. The results allowed find one (profile PKS-4) or two (profiles PKS-1, PKS-2 and PKS-3) sedimentation rates, probably due to changes in the sediments input regime in the region. The sedimentation rates were in the range between 0.26 and 0.94 g/cm2.year, corresponding to the interval of linear sedimentation rate of 0.21 - 0.92 cm/year. The deposition year in the bottom of PKS-4 profile as estimated from the sedimentation rate coincided with the construction year of Bortolan dam (1956). Large touristic interventions carried out at Poços de Caldas city from 1920s coupled to unbridled urbanization, industrialization and demographic growth there in the second half of the twentieth century possibly caused the changes found in the sedimentation rates.

Bioactive Potential of Andean Fruits, Seeds, and Tubers.

The Andes is considered the longest continental mountain range in the world. It covers 7000km long and about 200-700km wide and an average height of about 4000m. Very unique plant species are endemic of this area including fruits (e.g., lucuma, cherimoya, sweet pepino, sauco), roots and tubers (potatoes, sweet potatoes, yacón, chicuru, mashua, olluco, etc.), and seeds (quinoa, amaranth, tarwi, etc.). These crops have been used for centuries by the native population and relatively recently have gained the world attention due to the wide range of nutrients and/or phytochemicals they possess. In this chapter, main Andean fruits, seeds, and roots and tubers have been selected and detailed nutritional and functional information is provided. In addition, traditional and current uses are provided and their bioactive potential is reported based on published scientific literature.

Actividad cicatrizante y toxicidad dérmica del extracto etanólico de los tubérculos de Ullucus tuberosus Caldas "olluco" en animales de experimentación / Healing activity and dermal toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the tubers of Ullucus tuberosus Caldas "olluco" in experimental animals

El uso de las plantas medicinales como una alternativa para tratar dolencias y/o enfermedades, está tomando gran importancia para la creación e investigación de nuevas formulaciones. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad cicatrizante y toxicidad dérmica del extracto etanólico de los tubérculos de Ullucus tuberosus Caldas "olluco" en animales de experimentación. Métodos: La especie vegetal, fue recolectada en la comunidad de Panao departamento de Huánuco, Perú. Se realizó una extracción etanólica del tubérculo del Ullucus tuberosus Caldas "olluco" para el análisis fitoquímico. La actividad cicatrizante, se realizó con la técnica de Vaisberg y col, donde se preparó tres cremas a base de la especie vegetal, a concentraciones 0.5, 5 y 10%, éstas fueron comparados con dos grupos estándares, crema al 1% de Croton Lechleri "Sangre de Drago" elaborada naturalmente y células madre vegetales de cebolla (Emolan®) y un grupo control "Vaselina". La toxicidad dérmica, se determinó con la técnica de Contero donde se administró una dosis única, por vía oral y dérmica, de 5000 mg/kg del extracto en ratas. Resultados: Mediante el análisis fitoquímico se determinó que es soluble en agua destilada y presenta metabolitos primarios y metabolitos secundarios. La crema a concentración del 10% obtuvo el (86%) de eficacia de cicatrización en comparación con la muestra de piel intacta; en la evaluación toxicológica, ninguna rata de cepa Holtzman presentó toxicidad dérmica. Conclusión: Se determinó que el extracto etanólico de los tubérculos de Ullucus tuberosus Caldas "olluco" si presenta actividad cicatrizante y no posee toxicidad dérmica.

Termalismo Social em Caldas da Imperatriz - SC: realidade e desafios / Social Thermalism Caldas da Imperatriz - SC: reality and challenges

Entende-se por Termalismo Social a complexidade da utilização das águas termominerais em saúde, pensando-se ainda em seus aspectos ecológicos, históricos, sociais e de lazer. Este artigo pretende contextualizar o Termalismo Social em Caldas da Imperatriz, localidade de Santo Amaro da Imperatriz ­ SC, quanto a seus aspectos históricos, características das águas termais e potencialidades em saúde, desafios vivenciados e possíveis soluções para a concretização do Termalismo Social no local. Para tanto, foram analisados artigos, teses, reportagens de jornais e processos judiciais disponíveis na World Wide Web, além de visitas ao local.O artigo apresenta um breve histórico do Termalismo na localidade, aborda as características físico-químicas e suas indicações terapêuticas e expõe alguns problemas existentes e, por fim, possibilidades para a consolidação do Termalismo Social em Caldas da Imperatriz são exibidas.(AU)

The term Social Thermalism is understood as the complexity of the use of thermo-mineral water in health, still thinking of its ecological, historical, social, recreational aspects. This article aims to contextualize the Social Hydrotherapy in Caldas da Imperatriz, town of Santo Amaro da Imperatriz - SC, as well as its historical aspects, characteristics of thermal waters and potential health, challenges experienced and possible solutions to the implementation of the Social Hydrotherapy. Articles, thesis, newspaper reports and court cases available on the World Wide Web were analyzed, as well as a site visit. The article presents a brief history of the Hydrotherapy in the locality, discusses the physical and chemical characteristics and their therapeutic indications, introduces some existing problems and finally, possibilities for the consolidation of Social Hydrotherapy in Caldas da Imperatriz are presented.(AU)

Caracterización de eventos adversos en una ESE de primer nivel en Caldas 2007-2009 / Characterization of adverse events in a first-level hospital in the department of Caldas between 2007 and 2009 / Caraterização de eventos adversos numa ESE de primeiro nivel em Caldas 2007-2009

Objetivo: caracterizar los eventos adversos presentados en una E.S.E de primer nivel en Caldas entre 2007 y 2009. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, que analizó la información obtenida de los eventos adversos (E.A) registrados en los años 2007 a 2009 en una institución de primer nivel de Caldas. Se revisó la base de datos de reporte de E.A de la institución, que contenía 112 registros; se descartaron 63 registros y se seleccionaron los que podían ser evaluados a partir de la historia clínica (49). Se les aplicó un instrumento a través del cual se identificaron variables socio-demográficas, características del evento y calidad del registro. Resultados: de los E.A registrados, 38 corresponden al sexo femenino y 11 al sexo masculino, los E.A más frecuentes fueron los obstétricos (40,8%), muerte por inatención (16,3%), los menos frecuentes fueron fallos en la seguridad (2,0%); según gravedad, 18,4% muertes; 57,1% leves y 8.2% moderados. En el 30,6% de los casos no se instauró manejo, en el 22,4% pequeña cirugía y otros manejos 20,4%. Con respecto a la calidad del registro, el 32,6% eran malos, el 44,8% regulares y el 20,4% eran de buena calidad. Conclusiones: el 100% de los eventos adversos no contaban con actas individuales de seguimiento, solo se cuenta con un acta de reporte de los eventos adversos más relevantes, pero estas no implican un seguimiento del evento, ni contienen los datos específicos de la situación ocurrida y del paciente.

Objective: to characterize the adverse events happening in a first-level hospital in the Department of Caldas between 2007 and 2009. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study was performed which analyzed the information obtained during the adverse events (AE) registered between 2007 and 2009 in a first level hospital in the Department of Caldas. An EA data report of the institution was revised which contained 112 records. 63 records were highlighted and those that could be evaluated from the medical record (49) were selected. They were applied an instrument though which social-demographic, characteristics of the event and quality of the record variables were identified. Results: from the AE recorded, 38 cases corresponded to females and 11 cases to males. The most frequent AE were obstetric events (40.8%) and death as a result of lack of attention (16.3%); the least frequent cases were failures in safety (2.0%); 18.4% were deaths depending on seriousness of disease, 57.1% were slight events and 8.2% were moderate events. In 30.6% of the cases management was not established; in 22.4% of the cases small surgery was applied and in 20.4% other procedures were applied. As far as quality of records is concerned, 32.6% were bad, 44.8% were average, and 20.4% were high quality. Conclusions: 100% of the adverse events did not have individual proceeding records. Only one report of the most relevant AE was available but it neither implies a follow up of the event nor contains specific data of the situation or the patient.

Objetivo: caracterizar o eventos adversos apresentados numa E.S.E de primeiro nível em Caldas entre 2007 e 2009. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, que analisou a informação obtida dos eventos adversos (E.A) registrados nos anos 2007 a 2009 numa instituição, de primeiro nível em Caldas. Revisou-se a base dados de reporte de E.A da instituição, que contida 112 registros; se descartaram 63 registros e se selecionaram os que pudessem ser avaliados a partir da historia clinica (49). Se lhes aplicou um instrumento a través do qual se identificaram variáveis sociodemograficas, características do evento e qualidade de registro. Resultados: dos E.A registrados, 38 correspondentes ao sexo feminino e 11 ao masculino, os E.A mais freqüentes foram os obstétricos (40,8%), morte por não receber assistência medica (16,3%), os menos freqüentes foram falha na segurança (2,0%); conforme gravidade, 18,4% mortes; 57,1% leves e 8.2% moderados. No 30,6% dos casos não se instaurou manejo, no 22,4% pequena cirurgia e outros manejos de 20,4%. Com respeito à qualidade de registro, no 32,6% eran maus, o 44,8% regulares e o 20,4% eram de boa qualidade. Conclusões: o 100% dos eventos adversos não contavam com atas individuais de seguimento, só se encontra com um ata de reporte dos eventos adversos mais relevantes, mas estas não implicam um seguimento do evento, nem contem os dados específicos da situação ocorrida e do paciente.

Estresse e distúrbios do sono no desempenho de professores: saúde mental no trabalho

O trabalho é um recurso de integração social que favorece o desenvolvimento pessoal e traz benefícios importantes, mas diante de fortes tensões pode gerar transtornos mentais, somáticos, sociais e estresse. O estresse interfere no desempenho, nas relações sociais e no sono. O equilíbrio entre as atividades diárias de trabalho e o sono é essencial para a saúde mental, merecendo cuidados especiais quando o trabalhador exerce influência na educação de pessoas, como ocorre com o professor. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a presença de sintomas de estresse e a qualidade do sono de professores da rede pública de Poços de Caldas, buscando correlação com o padrão ocupacional. A pesquisa estudou uma população de 165 professores de Poços de Caldas, através do ISS-LIPP, do PSQI-BR e do QFEP, para avaliar o impacto do estresse na saúde do professor e na qualidade do sono. Os dados revelaram que 59% dos professores apresentaram estresse, a maioria na fase de resistência (39%) e com prevalência do estresse psicológico. Além disso, indicaram que 46,7% dos professores são maus dormidores, evidenciando associação entre os sintomas físicos e psicológicos de estresse e o sono. As mulheres, parcela predominante da população estudada (88,5%), apresentaram mais estresse físico que os homens (p=0,015). Este estudo revelou a importância da investigação do estresse e do sono na prevenção de transtornos na saúde mental do professor, e nas do estudo do estresse e do sono para prevenir transtornos na saúde mental do professor e consequências sociais no trabalho e na qualidade de vida

Work is a resource of social integration for it favors both personal development in society and brings about other important benefits, but under intense tensions it may produce mental, somatic and social disruptions as well as stress. Stress interferes in performance, in social relationships and sleep. The balance between work daily activities and sleep is an essential condition for mental health, and as such deserves proper care chiefly when the worker is in charge of children education as it occurs with teachers. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between the development of symptoms of stress and the quality of teachers sleep. The population here under scrutiny was the public schools teachers of Poços de Caldas. It was aimed at searching the rates of stress and the latter´s correlation with Brazilian occupational standards. That aim was accomplished in a population of 165 teachers, through the means of ISS-LIPP, PSQI-BR and QFEP, in order to identify and understand the impact of stress in teachers health and the quality of their sleep. The findings revealed that 59% of the teachers are stressed, being the majority at the resistance phase (39%) and a large amount of them under the prevalence of psychological stress. Moreover, they disclosed that 46.7% of the teachers sleep badly, pointing out undeniable association between sleep and both physical and psychological stress. Women, as the prevailing subgroup of the studied population (88.5%), presented more physical stress than men (p=0,015). The conclusion of this study also disclosed the call for further developments in the investigation of teachers stress as a means for the prevention of social disruptions, disturbances in teachers mental health as well as in quality of their lives

Los grupos extracurriculares en agronomía de la Universidad de Caldas (Colombia): 1970-2006: de la efervescencia política a la formación científica / Os grupos extracurriculares no programa de Agronomia da Universidade de Caldas (Colômbia): 1970-2006; da efervescência política ao treinamento científico / The extracurricular groups in Agricultural Engineering at the University of Caldas (Colombia): 1970-2006; from political effervescence to scientific training

En vista de que la formación de profesionales es un asunto complejo que supera los propósitos expresados en los planes de estudio, los estudiantes han complementado su formación mediante Grupos Extracurriculares (GE). Con el fin de dar cuenta de esta dinámica, se realizó una caracterización de éstos grupos en el programa de Agronomía de la Universidad de Caldas, desde el año 1970 hasta el 2006. Se trató de indagar cómo contribuyeron a la formación de los estudiantes y a la realimentación de los planes de estudio. El texto, en la primera parte analiza los GE como "comunidades de aprendizaje", en segundo lugar, se elabora una caracterización de los grupos en el programa Agronomía, en tres períodos: la efervescencia política de los años 70, el reflujo de los 80 y la emergencia de los semilleros de investigación, después de los 90. Por último, se presentan las lecciones aprendidas en este ejercicio de investigación, en donde se destaca y reafirma la importancia que tiene la formación en investigación.

Visto que o treinamento de profissionais é um assunto complexo que supera os propósitos expressados nos programas de estudos, os estudantes complementam seu treinamento mediante Grupos Extracurriculares (GE). Para dar conta desta dinâmica, fez-se uma caracterização destes grupos no programa de Agronomia da Universidade de Caldas, desde o ano 1976 até o ano 2006. Tratou-se de indagar como estes grupos contribuíram ao treinamento dos estudantes e à re-alimentação dos programas de estudos. Este texto analisa, na primeira parte, os GEs como "comunidades de aprendizagem"; em segundo lugar, faz-se uma caracterização dos grupos no programa de Agronomia em três períodos: na efervescência política dos anos 70, o refluxo dos anos 80 e a emergência dos viveiros de pesquisa depois dos anos 90. Por último, apresentam-se as lições apreendidas neste exercício, onde se destaca e reafirma a importância do treinamento em pesquisa.

Taking into consideration that training professionals is a complex matter that overcomes the goals consigned in the syllabus, the students have complemented their training by means of Extracurricular Groups (EG). To comply with this dynamics, a characterization of these groups in the program of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Caldas from 1970 to 2006 was carried out. It aimed at finding out how these groups contributed to the students' training and how they provided the syllabi with positive feedback. The first part of this paper examines the EG's as "learning communities"; the second part, characterizes the groups in the program of Agricultural Engineering in three periods: the political effervescence in the1970's, the reflux of the 80's and the emergence of research seedbeds after the 90's. Finally, some lessons that had been learned during this research exercise and that highlight and reaffirm the importance of research training are presented.

Factores relacionados con la consulta tardía a dermatología por cáncer de piel: prueba piloto: Departamento de Caldas / Fatores relacionados com a consulta tardia a dermatologia por câncer de pele: demostração piloto: Departamento de Caldas / Factors related to late dermatological consultation for skin cancer: test pilot: Department of Caldas

Introducción: investigaciones realizadas por la Universidad de Caldas, ponen de manifiesto la tendencia a consultar tardíamente por cáncer de piel al especialista. Objetivo: identificar en el departamento de Caldas los factores por los cuales los pacientes con cáncer de piel consultan de manera tardía a dermatología. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 62 pacientes con cáncer de piel, atendidos en la Universidad de Caldas desde enero de 2005 hasta junio de 2007. Se estudiaron las características demográficas, socioeconómicas y actitudinales de los pacientes, los factores asociados con el sistema de salud y con la lesión cutánea. Los resultados se describieron utilizando promedio, desviación estándar, valores mínimo y máximo, percentiles y frecuencias relativas. Se buscó diferencia entre los retrasos según las características de los pacientes con la prueba chi2. Se aceptó como significativa un p<0,05. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS 15.0. Resultados: se identificó al paciente como el principal factor de retraso para consultar. Sobresalieron en ellos: sexo femenino, edad superior a 60 años, baja escolaridad y régimen subsidiado. La mayor parte de ellos refirió no haber recibido información previa sobre el tema. Conclusión: si bien hay aspectos por mejorar en los distintos niveles de atención en salud, el factor preponderante que podría explicar la consulta tardía por cáncer de piel a dermatología se relacionó con las características y actitudes de los pacientes.

Researches conducted by the Universidad de Caldas reveal a tendency in late consultations to specialists regarding skin cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors by which patients with skin cancer consult dermatologists so late, for the specific case of the department of Caldas. This was a retrospective descriptive study on 62 patients with skin cancer, treated at the Universidad de Caldas from January 2005 up to June 2007. The demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics of patients were studied, as well as the factors associated with the health system and the skin lesion. The results were described using average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, percentiles and relative frequencies. Differences between the delays were determined according to the characteristics of patients with the chi2 test, taking p<0.05 as a significant mark. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 15.0 software. The patient was identified as the main factor for delay in the consultation, highlighting factors such as: female gender, over 60 years of age, little schooling and welfare system. Most of them said they had not received prior information on the subject. While there is room for improvement in the various levels of health care, the predominant factor that could explain the late consultation of skin cancer is related to the patients’ characteristics and attitudes.

Introdução: pesquisas realizadas pela Universidade de Caldas põem de manifesto a tendência a consultar tardiamente por o câncer de pele ao especialista. Objetivo: Identificar no Estado de Caldas os fatores por os quais os pacientes com câncer de pele consultam de maneira tardia a dermatologia. Materiais e métodos: a pesquisa retrospectiva em 62 pacientes com câncer de pele, atendidos na Universidade de Caldas desde janeiro de 2005 ate junho de 2007. Estudaram se as características demográficas, socioeconômicas e atitudinais dos pacientes, os fatores associados com o sistema de saúde e com a lesão cutânea. Os resultados descreveram se utilizando a média, desviarão standard, valores mínimo e maximo, percentiis e freqüências relativas. Pesquisou-se diferencia entre os retraços conforme as características dos pacientes com a amostra chi2. Aceitou-se como significativa um p<0,05. A análise estadística se realizou com o software SPSS 15.0. Resultados: se identificou ao paciente como o principal fator de retraso para consultar. Destaca-se em eles: sexo feminino, idade superior a 60 anos, baixa escolaridade e regime subsidiado. A maior parte de eles referiu Não haver recebido informação previa sobre o tema. Conclusão: Si bem há aspetos por melhorar nos distintos neveis de atenção em saúde, o fator preponderante que poderia explicar a consulta tardia por câncer de pele a dermatologia se relacionou com as características e atitudes dos pacientes.

Historia de abuso sexual y su relación con depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de media vocacional del municipio de Caldas Antioquia, Colombia: 2007 / Sexual abuse history and its relation with depression, self-esteem and consumption of Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia: 2007

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de abuso sexual en estudiantes de los grados décimo y undécimo del municipio de Caldas y su relación con depresión, autoestima y consumo desustancias psicoactivas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a 565 estudiantes de los grados décimo y undécimo del municipio de Caldas. Se solicitó información acerca de lacomposición familiar, procedencia, edad del menor al momento del abuso sexual, tipo y frecuencia de este, así como edad, género y relación del abusador con la víctima; también se indagaron datos que permitieron analizar depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancia psicoactivas. Resultados: El promedio de edad al momento de la encuesta fue de 16 años (DE 2,54). El 12 % de losjóvenes indicó que fue víctima de abuso sexual infantil. El 76,5 % de las víctimas eran mujeres. La edad promedio al momento del abuso fue de 10,3 años (DE 3,52). La edad del agresor osciló entre 12 y 80 años, con promedio de 32,18 años (DE 13,36). En 92,6 % de los casos el abusador era hombre. Del total de los casos de abuso, en 48,5 % el agresor era de la familia del menor. Las cariciasíntimas fueron el tipo de abuso más frecuente, específicamente cuando la víctima fue obligada a recibirlas(79,4 %), seguido de exhibicionismo cuando la víctima fue obligada a ver (45,6 %) y luego penetración vaginal oanal (35,8 %). El 52 % de los casos detectados de depresión fueron victimas de abuso sexual. El 21,1 % delos jóvenes con una mala autoestima fueron abusados en la infancia. El 23 % de los consumidores de marihuana,el 60 % de basuco, el 22 % de cocaína, el 24,3 % de inhalables, el 31,6 % de éxtasis y el 21,4 % de hongos fueron víctimas de abuso...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in students of grades 10th and 11th in the municipality of Caldas and its relation with depression, low self-esteem and consumption of psychoactive substances. Methodology: Cross section descriptive study. A Surrey was applied to 565 students of grades 10th and 11th of the municipality of Caldas. Information was requested about the family composition, where from, age of the youngsters at the moment of sexual abuse, type and frequency of it, as well as age, gender and relation of the abuser with the victim; data was also collected that allowed to analyze depression, low self-esteem and consumption of psychoactive drugs. Results: The average age at the moment of the Surrey was 16 years (DE 2,54). 12% of the youngsters saidthat they were victims of child sexual abuse. 76,5 % of the victims were girls. The average age at the moment of abuse was 10,3 years (DE 3,52). The age of the aggressor varies between 12 and 80 years old, with an average of 32,18 (DE 13,36). In 92,6% of the cases the abuser was a man. Of the total cases of abuses 48,5% of theaggressors were relatives of the youngsters. The intimate caresses were the most frequent type of abuse, specifically when the victim was forced to receive them (79,4%).Second comes the exhibitionism when the victim was forced to see (45,6%) and then vaginal or anal penetration(35,8%). 52% of the depression cases detected were victims of sexual abuse. 21,1% of the youngsters withlow self-esteem were abused in their childhood. 23% of the marihuana smokers, 60% of crack consumer, 22%of cocaine consumer, 23,3 % of inhalants, 31,6% of Ecstasies and 21,4% of mushrooms were victims of abuse...