Behçet disease in Latin American countries: A systematic literature review of demographic and clinical features, and HLA-B*51 allele frequency.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic and clinical features, as well as the frequency of the HLA-B*51 allele in Behçet disease (BD) patients in Latin American countries. METHODS: A systematic literature review of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was conducted without performing a meta-analysis. We included observational studies (cross-sectional or cohort) of BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for BD classification criteria and reported the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the disease in adult patients. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included in the SLR. Information from 532 patients across 5 Latin American countries was included for the analysis. Mean age at disease diagnosis was 33 years, 58.3% were female and 41.7% male; most patients were non-Caucasian. The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent oral ulcers and genital ulcers, followed by skin, eye, joint, neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular, and cardiac involvement. The prevalence of BD was described in 2 studies, 1 conducted in Brazil that reported a prevalence of .3/100,000 inhabitants, and another in Colombia with a prevalence of 1.1/100,000 inhabitants. The frequency of HLA-B*51 allele in BD patients was 38%, 30.1%, and 9% in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of BD in the Latin American countries seems to be low, as well as the frequency of HLA-B*51 allele. However, the strength of association between HLA-B*51 and BD remains high in our population. The key clinical features of BD are like those reported in countries/regions where BD is endemic.

Behçet disease in Latin American countries: A systematic literature review of demographic and clinical features, and HLA-B*51 allele frequency / Enfermedad de Behçet en países de Latinoamérica: Revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre datos demográficos, hallazgos clínicos y frecuencia del alelo HLA-B*51

Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical features, as well as the frequency of the HLA-B*51 allele in Behçet disease (BD) patients in Latin American countries. Methods: A systematic literature review of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was conducted without performing a meta-analysis. We included observational studies (cross-sectional or cohort) of BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for BD classification criteria and reported the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the disease in adult patients. Results: Twelve studies were included in the SLR. Information from 532 patients across 5 Latin American countries was included for the analysis. Mean age at disease diagnosis was 33 years, 58.3% were female and 41.7% male; most patients were non-Caucasian. The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent oral ulcers and genital ulcers, followed by skin, eye, joint, neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular, and cardiac involvement. The prevalence of BD was described in 2 studies, 1 conducted in Brazil that reported a prevalence of .3/100,000 inhabitants, and another in Colombia with a prevalence of 1.1/100,000 inhabitants. The frequency of HLA-B*51 allele in BD patients was 38%, 30.1%, and 9% in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of BD in the Latin American countries seems to be low, as well as the frequency of HLA-B*51 allele. However, the strength of association between HLA-B*51 and BD remains high in our population. The key clinical features of BD are like those reported in countries/regions where BD is endemic.(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, clínicas y la frecuencia del alelo HLA-B*51 en pacientes con enfermedad de Behçet (EB) en países de América Latina. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) según la guía PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) sin realizar un metaanálisis final. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales (transversales o de cohortes) de pacientes con EB que cumplieron con los criterios de clasificación del Grupo Internacional de Estudio de la EB e informaron las características demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio en pacientes adultos con EB. Resultados: Doce estudios fueron incluidos para la RSL. La información de 532 pacientes provenientes de 5 países de América Latina se incluyó para el análisis. La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 33 años, el 58,3% fueron mujeres y el 41,7% hombres; la mayoría de los pacientes fueron no caucásicos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes fueron las úlceras orales y genitales recurrentes, seguidas del compromiso cutáneo, ocular, articular, neurológico, gastrointestinal, vascular y cardíaco. La prevalencia de la EB fue descrita en 2 estudios, uno realizado en Brasil que reportó una prevalencia de 0,3/100.000 habitantes, y otro en Colombia con una prevalencia de 1,1/100.000 habitantes. La frecuencia del HLA-B*51 en pacientes con EB fue del 38%, 30,1% y 9% en Argentina, Brasil y México, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la EB en los países latinoamericanos parece ser baja, así como la frecuencia del alelo HLA-B*51. Sin embargo, la fuerza de asociación entre el HLA-B*51 y la EB sigue siendo alta en nuestra población. Las características clínicas claves de la EB son similares a las reportadas en países/regiones donde es endémica.(AU)

Prevalencia del tubérculo de Carabelli en una población infantil / Prevalência do tubérculo de Carabelli em uma população infantil / Prevalence of Carabelli tubercle in a child population

Introducción: Las anomalías de la forma, en niños y niñas, son en gran medida frecuentes, por ello su estudio es importante para precisar diagnósticos, dado que pueden tener diferentes implicancias odontológicas. A la altura de la cúspide mesiopalatina de los segundos molares superiores temporarios, primeros molares superiores permanentes, y con menor frecuencia en los segundos molares superiores permanentes, es posible reconocer una cúspide accesoria o tubérculo denominada de Carabelli (TC).Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del TC en pacientes del Hospital de Odontología Infantil (HOI) "Don Benito Quinquela Martín" de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Asimismo, comprender, con respecto a su etiología, si existe alguna relación con el origen étnico de la familia. Para ello se incorporó la variable nacionalidad de los padres para examinar el posible vínculo entre la presencia del TC y la procedencia étnica del paciente.Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó una muestra de 363 niños que ingresaron por primera vez al Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del HOI durante el período comprendido entre agosto 2019 y marzo 2020.Resultados: La prevalencia del TC observada fue del 34 %, por lo menos en alguna de las piezas dentarias, con una mayor tendencia en el sexo masculino en un 55%, y un 45% en el sexo femenino.Conclusiones: La hipótesis propuesta fue que la prevalencia del TC en los pacientes que acuden al del HOI es inferior al 50 % y fue validada debido a que el 34% de los pacientes presentan el TC.

Introdução: As anomalias de forma em meninos e meninas são bastante frequentes, por isso seu estudo é importante para especificar diagnósticos, pois podem ter diferentes implicações odontológicas. Na altura da cúspide mesiopalatina dos segundos molares superiores temporários, primeiros molares superiores permanentes e, menos frequentemente, nos segundos molares superiores permanentes, é possível reconhecer uma cúspide ou tubérculo acessório, denominado Carabelli (TC). Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de TC em pacientes do Hospital de Odontologia Infantil "Don Benito Quinquela Martín" (HOI) de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materiais e métodos: Uma amostra de 363 crianças entre dois e quinze anos de idade foi avaliada por inspeção visual direta ­realizada com instrumentos de exploração­, considerando admissões, na Clínica HOI e Serviço de Orientação durante o período abrangido. agosto de 2019 e março de 2020. Resultados: 34% dos pacientes apresentaram TC em um dos dentes, com maior tendência para o sexo masculino em 55%. Conclusões: Embora a prevalência de DC nos pacientes que compareceram ao HOI tenha sido inferior a 50%, ter observado o traço em 34% sugere a importância de sua detecção precoce, pois é fundamental informar ao paciente que o traço o acompanhará durante todo o sua vida e exige maior higiene bucal. Além disso, avise ao paciente que a cúspide não está relacionada a uma doença, mas corresponde à herança genética

Introduction: Shape abnormalities in children are recurrent, so their study is important to make an accurate diagnosis because they can have several dental implications. This anatomical structure is generally found on the mesial palatal side of the tooth, just below the mesial palatal cusp, specifically on the upper first deciduous molars, less frequently in the upper second permanent molars, it is possible to recognize an accessory cusp or a tubercle identified as Carabelli. Aim: To determine the prevalence of the Carabelli ́s tubercle (CT) in patients of the Clinical Service and Orientation from the Quinquela Martín Hospital of Pediatric dentistry (HOI) Government of Buenos Aires City- Aires, Argentina. Materials and methods: A sample of 363 children, between two and fifteen years of age, was evaluated by direct visual inspection ­carried out with exploration instruments­, taking into account admissions and readmissions, to the HOI Clinic and Orientation Service during the period covered between August 2019 and March 2020. Results: The prevalence of CT observed was 34% in at least some teeth, with a greater tendency in the male gender of 55% and 45% in the female. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of CT in patients who attended the HOI was less than 50%, having observed the trait in 34% suggests the importance of its early detection, since it is essential to inform the patient that the trait it will accompany you throughout his life and requires effective oral hygiene. Also, warn the patient that the cusp is not related to a disease, but corresponds to genetic inheritance.

Creative thinking and entrepreneurial behavior among k-12 teachers: a predictive study / Pensamento criativo e comportamento empreendedor entre professores da educação básica: um estudo preditivo / Pensamiento creativo y comportamiento emprendedor entre maestros: un estudio predictivo

This study aimed at investigating the influence of creative thinking on teachers' entrepreneurial behavior and the demographic characteristics correlated with teachers' entrepreneurial behavior. Participants were 344 U.S. public school teachers. The mean age was 42.1 (SD=11.5) and the mean years of teaching experience was 14.6 (SD=10). Female teachers comprised the larger gender group (n=250, 73%). The results indicated that age and creative thinking were the only variables showing significant unique contributions to entrepreneurial behavior. These findings highlight the importance of creativity for teachers trying to innovate in the classroom. The results also indicate that accumulated experience allows older teachers to better understand how the different layers of the educational system function.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as influências do pensamento criativo e de características demográficas no comportamento empreendedor de professores do ensino básico e médio. Os participantes foram 344 professores de escolas públicas dos Estados Unidos. A idade média foi de 42,1 (desvio padrão=11,5) e a média de anos de experiência foi de 14,6 (desvio padrão=10). Professoras compreendem a maioria da amostra (n=250, 73%). Os resultados indicaram que a idade e pensamento criativo são as únicas variáveis significativas que contribuem para o comportamento empreendedor em professores. Esses resultados demonstram a importância da criatividade para professores que tentam inovar em sala de aula. Os resultados também mostraram que a experiência acumulada permite aos professores mais velhos entender melhor como as diferentes camadas do sistema educacional funcionam.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la influencia del pensamiento creativo sobre el comportamiento empresarial de los maestros y las características demográficas correlacionadas con el comportamiento empresarial de los docentes. Los participantes fueron 344 maestros de las escuelas públicas de los Estados Unidos. La media de edad fue de 42,1 (DE=11,5) y la media de años de experiencia docente fue de 14,6 (DE=10). Las mujeres docentes comprendían el grupo de género más grande (n=250, 73%). Los resultados indicaron que la edad y el pensamiento creativo eran las únicas variables que mostraban contribuciones únicas significativas al comportamiento empresarial. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de la creatividad para los maestros que tratan de innovar en el aula. Los resultados también indican que la experiencia acumulada permite a los maestros mayores comprender mejor cómo funcionan las diferentes capas del sistema educativo.

Estudio epidemiológico de salud mental en población clínica de un centro de atención psicológica / An epidemiologic study on mental health within clinical patients from a psychological center

Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo la descripción de variables sociodemográficas, del tratamiento, principales categorías diagnósticas y prevalencia de trastornos mentales de la población atendida en un centro de psicología. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los 1699 consultantes atendidos entre los años 2012 y 2015, por medio de las estadísticas de atención mensual del Centro. Entre los resultados más significativos, se identifican coincidencias con los perfiles epidemiológicos a nivel mundial y nacional. Sin embargo, se identificaron diferencias al analizar la información de acuerdo con los grupos de edad de los consultantes. Las principales categorías diagnósticas de la población estuvieron relacionadas con problemas académicos y con el grupo primario de apoyo. Los trastornos de la conducta fueron los más prevalentes en niños y adolescentes, mientras que en adultos prevalecieron trastornos internalizantes. Se discute la relevancia de los resultados en el contexto clínico.

Abstract The present study aims to describe the demographic characteristics, psychodiagnostic typologies, and mental disorders prevalence of the population in a Psychological Center. The clinical records of 1699 patients treated between years 2012 and 2015 were analyzed using the monthly statistical attention database. The results were similar to international and national epidemiological studies. The main psychodiagnostic categories were related to academic and primary support group issues. However, differences regarding psychodiagnostic categories analyzing the information by age group were identified. In children and adolescents' behavioral disorders were the most prevalent mental disease, whereas in adults were anxiety and mood disorders. The relevance of the results in the clinical setting is discussed.

Determinantes sociodemográficos y personales del bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en población mexicana / Sociodemographic and personal factors determining subjective and psychological well-being in the Mexican population

RESUMEN En esta investigación el objetivo es analizar la capacidad predictiva de factores sociodemográficos y características personales sobre el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en población mexicana. Los participantes fueron 976 adultos que cumplimentaron escalas de felicidad, satisfacción vital, emociones positivas y negativas, bienestar psicológico, los Cinco Grandes de personalidad, optimismo y autoestima. Los resultados indicaron que los factores sociodemográficos tenían un tamaño de efecto pequeño sobre las distintas dimensiones de bienestar subjetivo y psicológico. Los análisis de regresión múltiple mostraron que, tanto el bienestar subjetivo como el psicológico, eran explicados por alta extraversión, responsabilidad, autoestima y bajo neuroticismo. Estos resultados sugieren que, no solo los Cinco Grandes, sino la autoestima es un potente predictor de ambos tipos de bienestar en mayor medida que los factores sociodemográficos. Los descubrimientos son consistentes con los encontrados en otras culturas, aunque aparecen diferencias que son discutidas con relación a cómo abordarlas por parte de las autoridades mexicanas.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the predictive capacity of socio-demographic and personal characteristics on subjective and psychological well-being in a Mexican population. A total of 976 Mexican adults completed scales of happiness, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, psychological well-being, the Big Five personality traits test, as well as of optimism and self-esteem. The results showed that sociodemographic factors had a small effect size on the subjective and psychological well-being dimensions. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that subjective and psychological well-being was explained by a greater extraversion, conscientiousness, optimism, self-esteem, and less neuroticism. These results suggest that not only is the Big Five a more powerful predictor of both types of well-being than sociodemographic factors, but also that of self-esteem. The findings are consistent with those of other cultures, although there are differences, which are discussed in relation to how they should be approached by the Mexican authorities.

Mujeres que finalizaron una relación maltratante: características de personalidad, psicopatológicas y sociodemográficas / Women who finished a violent relationship: Personality, psychopathological, and socio-demographic characteristics

Se examinaron las características de personalidad, psicopatológicas y socio-demográficas de mujeres que finalizaron una relación maltratante de pareja (n = 54), comparándolas con mujeres que continuaron con este tipo de relación (n = 41), todas con edades entre 1S y 60 años (M = 37.4). Se utilizó un ficha sociodemográfica, la prueba Big Five Questionnaire (Caprara, Barbaranelli, Borgogni & Perugini, 1995) y la Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Sheehan & Lecrubier, 2000). Las participantes que finalizaron la relación presentaron mayores puntuaciones en Afabilidad, Estabilidad Emocional y Apertura Mental, un menor número de hijos, mayor búsqueda de ayuda en instituciones gubernamentales tras los episodios de violencia y una menor prevalencia de episodio depresivo mayor, trastorno distímico, riesgo suicida leve, trastorno de angustia, agorafobia y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada.

This study examined the personality, psychopathological, and socio-demographic characteristics of women that concluded a violent partner relationship (n = 54), comparing them with women that continued with this type of relationship (n = 41). The participants are between 1S-60 years (M = 37.4). The applied instruments were a socio-demographic survey, the Big Five Questionnaire of Personality (Caprara, Barbaranelli, Borgogni & Perugini, 1995), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Sheehan & Lecrubier, 2000). The participants that finished the abusive relationship presented bigger punctuations in the dimensions of Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Openness, a lower number of children, bigger help-seeking in government institutions after the violence episodes, and a lower prevalence of mayor depressive episode, dysthymia, low suicidal risk, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety.

Características demográficas e clínicas de uma coorte de pacientes com artrite reumatoide inicial / Demographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis

INTRODUÇÃO: Há poucos estudos realizados com populações latino-americanas sobre as características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes com diagnóstico de artrite reumatoide (AR) inicial. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar uma população de pacientes com AR inicial acompanhada, prospectivamente, quanto aos aspectos demográficos e clínicos, comparando-a com outras coortes similares. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Os dados apresentados fazem parte de um estudo prospectivo de coorte incidente, em que foram avaliados 65 pacientes com AR inicial, acompanhados de forma regular por 36 meses a partir do diagnóstico na Clínica de Artrite Reumatoide Inicial do Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Foram registrados os dados demográficos e clínicos pertinentes à avaliação inicial da coorte, incluindo características gerais, dados da história clínica e exame físico. Empregou-se estatística descritiva das variáveis analisadas. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de mulheres (86 por cento), com média de idade de 45,6 anos, brancas ou pardas (47,6 por cento), pertencentes à classe social média-baixa (53,85 por cento), com 8,3 anos de escolaridade em média. A maior parte dos pacientes iniciou os sintomas de forma aguda (76,9 por cento), com acometimento poliarticular (69,2 por cento), sinovite persistente em mãos (90,7 por cento) e rigidez matinal prolongada (157 minutos, em média). Os pacientes apresentaram uma contagem média de articulações dolorosas (18,6) e edemaciadas (13,9) elevada e alta prevalência de nódulos reumatoides (15,3 por cento), o que sugere doença de apresentação agressiva em sua fase inicial. CONCLUSÃO: As características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes acompanhados nessa coorte brasileira divergiram em vários aspectos das coortes norte-americanas, europeias e latinoamericanas anteriormente publicadas.

INTRODUCTION: Very few studies carried out with Latin American populations on the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be found in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To characterize a population of patients with early RA, prospectively followed, concerning demographic and clinical aspects and compare them with other similar cohorts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data presented are part of an incident cohort prospective study, in which 65 patients with early RA were evaluated and followed regularly for 36 months at the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Brasília (HUB, from the Portuguese). The demographic and clinical data of the initial evaluation, including general characteristics, clinical history, and physical examination were recorded. Descriptive statistics of the variables was applied. RESULTS: Women (86 percent) with a mean age of 45.6 years, Caucasian or Black (47.6 percent), belonging to intermediate-low social classes (53.85 percent), with 8.3 years of schooling, predominated. The presenting symptoms of the majority of patients were acute (76.9 percent), with polyarticular onset (69.2 percent), persistent synovitis of the hands (90.7 percent), and prolonged morning stiffness (157 minutes on average). Patients had a high average score of painful (18.6) and swollen (13.9) joints and high prevalence of rheumatoid nodules (15.3 percent), which suggests disease with aggressive presentation in its initial phases. CONCLUSION: The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in this Brazilian cohort differed, on several aspects, from previously published North American, European, and Latin American cohorts.