Understanding the impact of clinical and leadership development activities for pediatric cardiac nurses in India.

The major challenges for pediatric cardiac nursing in India include inadequacies in their levels of education and lack of recognition of their vital role in the health-care system. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the leadership educational initiatives on pediatric cardiac nursing taken by Children's HeartLink and the Pediatric Cardiac Society of India. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight pediatric cardiac nurse leaders from different Indian hospitals. A review of interviews from a previous study and an extensive literature review provided further foundational data on two major themes. The first theme on nursing education focused on nursing curriculum update, continuing education, and leadership development. The second theme focused on improving the value of nursing in public perception, value in hospitals, and their career promotions. The study identified the potential targets for improvement and provided a nursing career development ladder applicable to India.

The quality of long-term counselling for percutaneous coronary intervention patients: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To compare the long-term counselling quality among the patients visited and not visited at cardiac nurse after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and related factors one to two years after PCI. DESIGN: An explorative, register-based cross-sectional study. METHODOLOGY METHODS: A sample was drawn from the one university hospital's procedure register consisted of the patients undergone a PCI (n = 977). The data was collected by Counselling Quality Instrument (CQI) questionnaire by mail, and analysed by basic and multivariate methods. FINDINGS RESULTS: Of the respondents (n = 459), less than half the patients (48.4%) visited at cardiac nurse one to two years after PCI as instructed in the national current care guidelines. Patients, who visited the nurse (n = 194) had higher satisfaction for counselling than the ones not visited (n = 70). Nevertheless, patients, especially those who had no dyslipidemia, had Unstable Angina Pectoris or Non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction or were out of the workforce, were unsatisfied with counselling, and needed more social support, patient-centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. A half of the PCI patients (51.6%) did not visit the cardiac nurse at the primary health care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Cardiac nurses assisted the members of research group by assessing the questionnaire prior sending it to the patients and patients contributed by completing the questionnaires. We thank both parties for their contribution. IMPLICATION FOR PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: This study demonstrated, that patients out of the workforce and having emergency PCI are in need for better quality counselling, concentrating on social support, patient-centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. Those patients, who did not visit the cardiac nurse, should be offered easier access to cardiac nurse for example, by novel digital solutions.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial.

AIMS: To test whether usual outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) supplemented by a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention may reduce anxiety and depression compared with usual CR. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multicentre randomized controlled trial, 147 cardiac patients (67% men, mean age 54 years, 92% with coronary artery disease) with psychological distress defined as a hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) anxiety or depression score ≥8 were randomized to five sessions of group CBT plus usual CR (intervention, n = 74) or CR alone (control, n = 73). Patients with severe distress or a psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. The intervention was delivered by cardiac nurses with CBT training and supervised by a psychologist. A reference, non-randomized group (background, n = 41) of consecutive patients without psychological distress receiving usual CR was included to explore the effect of time on HADS score. The primary outcome, total HADS score after 3 months, improved more in the intervention than in the control group [the mean total HADS score improved by 8.0 (standard deviation 5.6) vs. 4.1 (standard deviation 7.8), P < 0.001]. Significant between-group differences were maintained after 6 months. Compared with the control group, the intervention group also had greater adherence to CR (P = 0.003), more improvement in the heart-related quality of life (HeartQoL) at 6 months (P < 0.01), and a significant reduction in cardiac readmissions at 12 months (P < 0.01). The background group had no significant change in HADS score over time. CONCLUSION: Brief CBT provided by cardiac nurses in relation to CR reduced anxiety and depression scores, improved HeartQoL and adherence to CR, and reduced cardiovascular readmissions. The programme is simple and may be implemented by CR nurses.

Secuelas cardíacas POSTCOVID-19 / Cardiac sequelae POSTCOVID-19

Objetivo: Describir las secuelas cardiacas en la fase post-COVID-19. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de documentos científicos enfocados en salud específicamente en complicaciones cardíacas primordiales post COVID-19. Resultados: se seleccionaron 15 artículos científicos que van en el rango de publicación del 2020 - 2021 con aportaciones relevantes. Conclusión: El escenario clínico puede presentarse por lesión miocárdica, insuficiencia cardíaca y arritmias ocurridas como consecuencia de un evento coronario agudo isquémico. Es necesario seguir estudiando el mecanismo de infección, manifestaciones clínicas, complicaciones a la infección por SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: To describe the cardiac sequelae in the post-COVID-19 phase. Methods: A literature review of scientific papers focused on health specifically on primary cardiac complications post-COVID-19 was performed. Results: 15 scientific papers ranging in the publication range of 2020 - 2021 with relevant contributions were selected. Conclusion: The clinical scenario may present myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias occurring as a consequence of an ischemic acute coronary event. It is necessary to further study the mechanism of infection, clinical manifestations, complications to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Patient safety, quality of care and missed nursing care at a cardiology department during the COVID-19 outbreak.

AIM: To evaluate missed nursing care and patient safety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at in-patient cardiology wards. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design with a comparative approach. METHOD: Registered nurses and nurse assistants at a cardiology department were invited to answer the MISSCARE Survey-Swedish version, and questions on patient safety and quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were compared with a reference sample. RESULTS: A total of 43 registered nurses and nurse assistants in the COVID-19 sample and 59 in the reference sample participated. The COVID-19 sample reported significantly more overtime hours and more absence from work due to illness in comparison with the reference sample. The patient safety and quality of care were perceived significantly worse, 76.7% (N = 33) versus 94.7% (N = 54), and 85.7% (N = 36) versus 98.3% (N = 58, respectively. The COVID-19 sample reported more missed nursing care in wound care and in basic nursing.

Clinical deterioration in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction during and for 24 h after percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: In-hospital adverse events such as cardiac arrest are preceded by abnormalities in physiological data and are associated with high mortality. Healthcare institutions have implemented rapid response systems such as the medical emergency team for early recognition and response to clinical deterioration. Yet, most cardiac catheterisation laboratories, have yet to formally implement a rapid response system, so the nature and frequency of clinical deterioration is unclear and no published data exist. OBJECTIVES: To explore the nature and frequency of clinical deterioration in ST- elevation myocardial infarction patients in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory without a Medical emergency team, and 24 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention and the immediate nursing responses to clinical deterioration. METHOD: An exploratory descriptive study using retrospective medical audit was conducted in a public tertiary teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. In 2014, there were 327 ST- elevation myocardial infarction presentations of which 75 were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: In the cardiac catheterisation laboratory, 82.6% of patients fulfilled medical emergency team activation criteria and deterioration was predominantly cardiovascular. Respiratory rate was not documented for all patients in cardiac catheterisation laboratory. Post percutaneous coronary intervention, 31% of patients fulfilled medical emergency team activation criteria and this deterioration occurred secondary to hypoxia. There were no documented abnormalities in respiratory rate. CONCLUSION: The ST- elevation myocardial infarction patients admitted to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory are critically ill patients. Failure to monitor for signs of respiratory dysfunction such as respiratory rate in cardiac catheterisation laboratory may delay recognition of clinical deterioration and timely escalation of care. Further research is required to inform changes in the system to improve patient safety.

Cognitive behavioural therapy significantly reduces anxiety in patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillator compared with usual care: Findings from the Screen-ICD randomised controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention provided by trained cardiac nurses plus usual care compared with usual care alone in patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator who, prior to randomization, had presented with symptoms of anxiety measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. BACKGROUND: Around 20-25% of all patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator experience anxiety. Among these patients anxiety is associated with mortality, presumably explained by risk behaviour and activation of the autonomic nervous system. We hypothesised that cognitive behavioural therapy provided by cardiac nurses in an out-patient setting would be an effective treatment of anxiety. METHODS: This was an investigator-initiated randomised clinical superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment, with 1:1 randomisation to cognitive behavioural therapy plus usual care or to usual care. The primary outcome was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety mean score at 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes included Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression, Becks Anxiety Inventory, HeartQoL and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Primary outcome analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: A total of 88 participants were included, 66% men, mean age 64.3 years and 61% had primary indication implantable cardioverter defibrillator. A significant difference after 16 weeks was found between groups: intervention group (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-A mean (standard deviation) 4.95 points (3.30) versus usual care group 8.98 points (4.03) (p < 0.0001)). Cohen's d was -0.86, indicating a strong clinical effect. The effect was supported by secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavioural therapy provided by cardiac nurses to patients with a positive screening for anxiety had a statistically and clinically significant effect on anxiety compared with patients not receiving cognitive behavioural therapy.

Nurses' recognition and response to clinical deterioration in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory.

BACKGROUND: Patients presenting to the cardiac catheter laboratory for treatment of unstable acute coronary syndromes (ACS) experience a mismatch in myocardial oxygen supply and demand, causing vital sign abnormalities prior to neurological, cardiac and respiratory deterioration. Delays in detecting clinical deterioration and escalating care increases risk of adverse events, unplanned intensive care (ICU) admission, cardiac arrest, and in-hospital mortality. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to explore how nurses in the cardiac catheter laboratory (CCL) recognise and respond to clinical deterioration in patients with unstable ACS undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: A prospective exploratory descriptive design was used with 30 participants completing 10 written clinical scenarios. Participants scored their level of concern for each physiological cue and then then ranked their preferred immediate response based on the deterioration identified. RESULTS: Hypotension and the presence of pain were the physiological cues of highest concern. The most common responses to clinical deterioration were to increase vital sign assessment to 5-minutely intervals, administer pain relief or provide reassurance. Despite the presence of clinical deterioration fulfilling organisational escalation of care criteria, calling cardiac arrest or rapid response team (RRT) were not commonly selected responses. CONCLUSION: Nurses most commonly use hypotension and the presence of pain to recognise clinical deterioration in patients presenting to the CCL with an unstable ACS. Once clinical deterioration is identified, interventional cardiac nurses delay the escalation of care to the RRT or cardiac arrest team, preferring to implement local nurse initiated interventions.

The forward-backward and dual-panel translation methods are comparable in producing semantic equivalent versions of a heart quality of life questionnaire.

AIM: To investigate semantic equivalence between two translated versions of the heart quality of life (HeartQoL) questionnaire produced by the forward-backward and dual-panel methods. METHODS: The forward-backward and dual-panel versions of HeartQoL were self-administered among 60 participants who met the inclusion criteria of being a native Bahasa Malaysia-speaking Malay, aged 18 and older, having an indexed diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease and being cognitively fit. The administration sequence of the two versions was randomized. Additionally, three sociolinguists, who were blinded to translation processes and survey findings, rated the translated versions against the source version on three aspects of semantic equivalence. RESULTS: Textual content in both translated versions was considerably similar (n = 9/14 items, ≈64%). The overall results from weighted kappa, raw agreement, intraclass correlations, and Wilcoxon signed-rank as well as experts' ratings were confirmative of semantic equivalence between the forward-backward and dual-panel versions of the HeartQoL. However, some mixed findings were indicative of potential gaps in both translated versions against the source version. CONCLUSION: Both the forward-backward and dual-panel methods produced semantically equivalent versions of HeartQoL; but translation alone is insufficient to narrow the subtle gaps caused by differences in culture and linguistic style.

Factors influencing adherence to treatment in older adults with hypertension.

PURPOSE: Hypertension (HT) is considered to be the most common disorder in the general population. Demographic data indicate that older adults commonly suffer from HT. Older age is one of the key factors affecting the adherence of patients with HT. The main purpose was to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors that affect adherence in older adults with HT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 150 patients (84 women and 66 men) with mean age of 72.1 years. The Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (Hill-Bone CHBPTS) was used to evaluate the adherence to therapeutic recommendations for HT. RESULTS: The mean score obtained by the patients in the Hill-Bone CHBPTS was 20.19 (SD±4.05). The linear regression model showed the independent predictors of the total score (P<0.05): 1) age, each subsequent year of life raises the total score by an average of 0.2 points; 2) gender, males raise it by an average of 1.34 points compared to females; 3) education, a secondary, higher, or higher professional education lowers it by an average of 1.75 points compared to a primary education or no education; and 4) living with the family, having familial support lowers it by an average of 1.91 points compared to living alone or in an organized institution. CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that the variables of age, education level, and living with the family were statistically significant in explaining the adherence rates. Health care professionals should pay more attention to older HT patients who have a low level of education and who experience the lack of social support. There is a need for a tailored education among this group of patients to better understand and adhere to medication treatment.

Excellence by Design: The Patricia A. Hickey Award for Excellence in Cardiovascular Nursing.

This award reflects the high-impact contributions of pediatric critical care nurses that have helped to shape the field. Lessons from an ongoing career in nursing leadership are shared by Dr Patricia Hickey. Four themes are highlighted which include (1) our role models/mentors, (2) our profession and its impact, (3) our teams and environments of excellence, and (4) our bright future. Program and practice excellence does not just happen. It requires strategic thinking, deliberative processes, risk-taking and guts to create and sustain. A bright future is forecasted with stellar contributions of professional nurses and interprofessional cardiac critical care teams.

Factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with anxiety and depression of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator is effective to increase survival from life-threatening arrhythmias, but it lowers health-related quality of life. Anxiety and depression had significant negative association with health-related quality of life. However, knowledge about factors associated with these two negative emotions in this specific population is inadequate. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted. Secondary analysis was performed to address the aim. METHODS: A convenience sampling of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators was performed. Anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale through face-to-face interview. RESULTS: Stepwise multivariable regression results showed that older age (aged 60-69 and ≥70: B = 2·08 and 3·31, p = 0·039 and <0·001), self-care dependence (B = 3·47, p < 0·001), being married (B = -2·21, p = 0·004) and having ischaemic heart disease (B = -1·80, p = 0·008) were significantly associated with depression. However, there was no significant factor associated with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with depression among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator are identified. Older age (aged ≥60) and more self-care dependence have positive, but being married and having ischaemic heart disease have negative association with depression. Strategies to reduce psychological distress are highlighted. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The study findings direct the care to improve health-related quality of life by reducing and controlling vulnerabilities arising from depression. Patients who are older people (≥aged 60) and more self-care dependent perceive higher depression. Nursing strategies are suggested to reduce depression especially for those who are older people and more self-care dependent. Early screening is essential to provide immediate care for reducing vulnerabilities arising from depression. Performing comprehensive assessment for self-care ability and providing adequate assistance are crucial. Family involvement may reduce depression through providing physical and psychosocial support.

Temporalidade da mulher após cirurgia cardíaca: contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem / Temporalidad de la mujer después cirugía cardiaca: contribuciones para atención de enfermería / Women's temporality after cardiac surgery: contributions to nursing care

RESUMO Objetivo: desvelar o movimento existencial da mulher após a intervenção cirúrgica cardíaca. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem fenomenológica. Teve como cenário uma instituição hospitalar em Minas Gerais, na qual dez mulheres foram entrevistadas entre dezembro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012. Resultados: após a alta hospitalar, as mulheres vivenciam comprometimentos físicos, sociais e emocionais, desejando a volta do tempo anterior ao diagnóstico, uma vez que ainda se sentem cardiopatas. Essa compreensão vaga e mediana emerge de três unidades de significação, as quais, na perspectiva da hermenêutica heideggeriana, permitiram desvelar o fenômeno da cirurgia cardíaca como um agora que limita o dia a dia das mulheres. Conclusão: o enfermeiro, na disposição de ser-com-o-ser-aí-mulher-após-a-cirurgia-cardíaca, deve promover a saúde, considerando as facetas existenciais que se mostram nos momentos de cuidado. Nessa oportunidade de encontros singulares e plenos de subjetividade se revelam as bases para a integralidade da assistência.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desvelar la existencia de la mujer tras la cirugía cardíaca. Método: investigación cualitativa de enfoque fenomenológico. La escena fue un hospital en Minas Gerais, en el cual se entrevistaron diez mujeres entre diciembre de 2011 y enero de 2012. Resultados: tras el alta hospitalaria que todavía sienten las enfermedades del corazón a través de experiencias físicas, sociales y emocionales, las mujeres anhelan regresar al tiempo anterior al diagnóstico. Esa vaga y mediana comprensión viene de tres unidades de significado, las cuales, teniendo en vista la hermenéutica de Heidegger, ayudaron a descubrir que el fenómeno de la cirugía cardiaca limita la vida cotidiana de las mujeres. Conclusión: el enfermero ayudando después de la cirugía cardiaca debe promover la salud de la paciente, teniendo en cuenta sus aspectos existenciales en los momentos de atención. En esas oportunidades individuales y llenas de subjetividad residen las bases de la integralidad de la atención.

ABSTRACT Objective: to unveil women's existential movement after cardiac surgery. Method: qualitative phenomenological study. The research setting was a hospital in Minas Gerais, in which ten women were interviewed between December 2011 and January 2012. Results: after hospital discharge, the women experienced physical, social and emotional impairments, and expressed the desire to go back to the time before their diagnosis, because they felt as though they still had heart disease. This vague and average understanding led to three units of meaning that, from a Heideggerian hermeneutic point of view, revealed the phenomenon of cardiac surgery as a present circumstance that limited the participants' daily lives. Conclusion: nurses supporting women patients after cardiac surgery should promote health considering existential facets that are expressed during care. The bases for comprehensive care are revealed in singular and whole meetings of subjectivity.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: identification of foci for nursing intervention.

AIM: To explore factors associated with health-related quality of life of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. BACKGROUND: Substantial evidence indicates that implantable cardioverter defibrillator is proven to increase survival rate by terminating life-threatening arrhythmia. However, this device can negatively affect health-related quality of life. Little is known about factors associated with health-related quality of life of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, particularly in Asian population. DESIGN: A transversal descriptive design was used. METHODS: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 139 adult patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators from 4 January-30 April 2012 using the structured questionnaires administered by the researcher and medical record reviews. The Short Form-36 Health Survey version 2 was used to measure health-related quality of life. RESULTS: A total of 139 Chinese patients, including 107 (77·0%) males with a mean age of 63·0 (14·6) years, were selected. The physical component summary was relatively lower, whereas the mental component summary was relatively higher than that of the general Hong Kong Chinese population. Multivariable regression analysis revealed gender, self-care dependence, educational level, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, anxiety and depression significantly associated with physical or mental quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Depression was a common factor affecting physical and mental quality of life. Self-care dependence, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, depression and anxiety could be improved. Our findings expand existing knowledge on identifying at-risk patients for having lower quality of life, thus allowing development of appropriate interventions targeting risk factors for improving health-related quality of life of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Adapting to living with a mechanical aortic heart valve: a phenomenographic study.

AIM: To describe how patients adapt to living with a mechanical aortic heart valve. BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis is preferred for patients with life expectancy of more than 10 years as they are more durable than bioprosthetic valves. Mechanical valves have some disadvantages, such as higher risk of thrombosis and embolism, increased risk of bleeding related to lifelong oral anticoagulation treatment and noise from the valve. DESIGN: An explorative design with a phenomenographic approach was employed. METHODS: An explorative design with a phenomenographic approach was applied. Interviews were conducted over 4 months during 2010-2011 with 20 strategically sampled patients, aged 24-74 years having undergone aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis during the last 10 years. FINDINGS: Patients adapted to living with a mechanical aortic heart valve in four ways: 'The competent patient' wanted to stay in control of his/her life. 'The adjusted patient' considered the implications of having a mechanical aortic valve as part of his/her daily life. 'The unaware patient' was not aware of warfarin-diet-medication interactions. 'The worried patient' was bothered with the oral anticoagulation and annoyed by the sound of the valve. Patients moved between the different ways of adapting. CONCLUSIONS: The oral anticoagulation therapy was considered the most troublesome consequence, but also the sound of the valve was difficult to accept. Patient counselling and adequate follow-up can make patients with mechanical aortic heart valves more confident and competent to manage their own health. We recommend that patients should participate in a rehabilitation programme following cardiac surgery.

Consumo e custo médio direto do material utilizado em cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio / Consumption and direct mean cost of the material used in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Este trabalho teve como objetivo levantar o consumo e verificar o custo médio direto do material usado em cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio. Foi comparado, o custo encontrado com o número de pontos de safena realizadas. Como referencial teórico para apuração dos custos utilizou-se o sistema de custeio de absorção por produto/procedimento. A pesquisa, do tipo descritivo, foi realizada no centro cirúrgico de um hospital especializado em cardiologia, no Município de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 104 cirurgias de Revascularização do Miocárdio, com circulação extracorpórea. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: planilha de consumo de material em cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio, ficha de material de consumo e de medicamentos do carro de anestesia, ficha de consumo de material e medicamentos de perfusão e listagem de preços. O levantamento do consumo possibilitou aferição do custo médio usado em cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio que resultou em R$2.718,78. Houve uma variação de custos do material, em relação ao número de pontes de safena realizadas, havendo uma diferença significativa entre as cirurgias de 1, 2 e 3 pontes, o que não ocorreu entre as cirurgias de 3, 4 e 5 pontes. O custo médio direto das cirurgias foi: 1 ponte (R$2.207,71), 2 pontes 9R$2.554,61), 3 pontes (2.768,94), 4 pontes (2.848,65) e 5 pontes (2.884,13). Os itens de material de perfusão (R$1.051,24), fios cirúrgicos (R$829,98) e material de consumo (R$442,20) foram os que apresentaram o maior custo médio, independente do número de pontes de safena realizadas com uma variação de custo entre as cirurgias de 1 a 5 pontes de safena de R$888,50 a R$1.112,00, para material de perfusão, R$599,90 a R$967,30 para fios cirúrgicos e R$413,30 a 462,10 para material de consumo.

The objective of this study was to assess consuption and to verify the direct mean cost of the material used in the Coronary Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery. It beeen comparedn the cost according to the number of bypass perfomed (arterial and veins grafts). This is a descriptive study conducted in a Cardiac Surgery Center in São Paulo city. The sample include 104 CABG surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The information was collected by for instruments: a standard printed torn containing the material, generally used in the CABG Surgery, a card index containing the material and the anesthesic drugs and those used in extracorporeal circulation as well as the price list. The analyses of the information showed that the direct mean cost of the material used in the surgery was R$2.718,78. A variation of material costs was observed proportional to the increase in number of bypass perform, showing a significant difference among surgeries with 1, 2 and 3 bypass which was not observed in surgeries with 3, 4 and 5 bypass. The direct mean cost was: CABG with 1 bypass (R$2.207,71), 2 (R$2.554,61), 3 (R$2.768,94), 4 (R$2.848,65) and 5 (R$2.884,13). The items of the perfusion material (R$1.051,24), surgical threads (R$829,98) and consumption material (R$442,40), representing those with a higher mean cost, independent of the number of bypass performed, presenting the cost among the surgeries from 1 to 5 bypass: R$888,50 to R$1.112,00; for the perfusion material; R$599,90 to R$967,30 for surgical threads and R$413,30 to R$462,10 for the service consumption material.