[Analysis of the quality of preventive examinations of children (according to the survey of dentists)]. / Analiz kachestva provedeniya profilakticheskikh osmotrov detei (po dannym anketirovaniya vrachei-stomatologov).

OBJECTIVE: To improve the methodology for conducting preventive examinations of children by a dentist by identifying and preventing the risks of achieving their qualitative results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A test version of the questionnaire was created, which was tested in a pilot study to assess validity and correction. A survey of 100 general dentists in Smolensk, Kaluga, Kaliningrad, Tula, who had previously participated in preventive dental examinations of children, was conducted. Questions were asked regarding the problems of organizing inspections, training, proposals for improving inspections. A comparative analysis of the risks of reducing the quality of examinations for each of the regions was carried out, proposals were made to improve the organization and conduct of medical examinations of children. RESULTS: As a result of the survey, a significant similarity of opinions of dentists in four cities of the Russian Federation on the problems and risks of annual preventive examinations of children was established. Among the weaknesses of the process, one should highlight the lack of time to examine the child; lack of specialized premises and a nurse; the absence of a unified form of a dental preventive examination card. This reduces the quality of diagnostics and continuity of medical care. Self-assessment by general practice dentists of their training in relation to diagnostics in children demonstrated a low level of knowledge of the issues of bite pathology, oral mucosa, and age periods of the dentoalveolar system. The lack of medical knowledge of more than 70% of doctors involved in preventive examinations of children is a key risk that requires immediate corrective action. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are the basis for the recommendation of advanced training of dentists at least once every three years on the subject of preventive examinations of children. The process of dental medical examination of the child population needs to be corrected at the legislative and executive levels.

The association of maternal smoking and other sociobehavioral factors with dental caries in toddlers: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a form of dental caries in toddlers, which can strongly affect general health and quality of life. Studies on factors that can contribute to the development of caries immediately after tooth eruption are sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the role of sociobehavioural factors and pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke in the aetiology of dental caries in children up to 3 years old. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2011 and 2017 to assess oral health and teething in urban children 0-4 years of age. The number of teeth and surfaces with white spot lesions (d1,2), as well as decayed (d), missing (m), and filled (f) teeth classified according to ICDAS II was evaluated in a dental office setting. d1,2dmft and d1,2dmfs were calculated. Severe early childhood caries was diagnosed for d1,2dmfs > 0. Parents completed a self-administered questionnaire on socioeconomic factors, maternal health, course of pregnancy, child's perinatal parameters, hygiene and dietary practices, as well as maternal smoking during and after pregnancy. Data on children aged 12-36 months were collected and analysed statistically using the t-test, Spearman rank correlations and Poisson regression. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Dental caries was found in 46% of 496 children aged 12-36 months. Mean d1,2dmft and d1,2dmfs were 2.62 ± 3.88 and 4.46 ± 8.42, respectively. Tobacco smoking during and after pregnancy was reported by 8.9% and 24.8% of women, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation analysis confirmed a relationship between S-ECC and parental education, maternal smoking, bottle feeding, avoiding springy foods, number of meals, and the age of tooth brushing initiation. Pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke increased the risk of S-ECC especially in children in age 19-24 months. Maternal smoking was correlated with the level of education and dietary practices. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that prenatal smoking is associated with increased risk of severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) while the association with post-natal smoking is also evident, the increase in risk is not statistically clear. Both maternal smoking and the child's tooth decay are associated with poor parental education and other improper oral health behaviours. The positive impact of quitting smoking on the oral health in children should be part of anti-smoking advice.

Caries en niños. ¿Maltrato infantil o ignorancia parental? / Caries in children. Child abuse or parental ignorance?

El maltrato infantil es un tema polémico en la actualidad, y se caracteriza por realizar acciones u omisiones intencionales destinadas a menoscabar o afectar la integridad física y/o psicológica de un menor. Frecuentemente se considera a la caries en niños como un indicador objetivo de maltrato infantil. La caries es una enfermedad extremadamente común en la población infantil en México y en el mundo, por lo que su relación con el maltrato infantil carece de un sustento real. El desarrollo de caries en niños no es un evento premeditado ni intencional, es más bien la consecuencia de malos hábitos higiénicos y dietéticos que el odontólogo tiene la obligación de corregir y erradicar para asistir a los pacientes pediátricos a recuperar su salud bucodental. El objetivo del presente artículo es debatir la relación entre la caries temprana de la infancia y el maltrato infantil (AU)

Child abuse is currently a controversial issue and is characterized by intentional actions or omissions intended to undermine the physical and/or psychological integrity of a minor. Caries in children is often considered an objective indicator of child abuse. Caries is an extremely common disease in the child population in Mexico and in the world, so its relationship with child abuse lacks any real support. The development of cavities in children is not a premeditated or intentional event, it is rather the consequence of poor hygienic and dietary habits that the dentist has the obligation to correct and eradicate in order to assist pediatric patients to regain their oral health. The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between early childhood caries and child abuse (AU)

Effectiveness of an integrated perinatal oral health assessment and promotion program on the knowledge in Indian pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Oral health during pregnancy plays a crucial role in the overall health and well-being of pregnant women. Evidence shows that most young children acquire cariogenic organisms from their mothers. Poor maternal knowledge about oral diseases combined with inappropriate feeding can lead to severe caries among young children. The aim of study was to assess the oral health status of pregnant women and to evaluate the gain in their knowledge after educational session in an antenatal setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a pre- and post-intervention study carried out on the pregnant women (n = 198) attending an antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital. A specially designed semi-structured 14-point questionnaire was used to assess the pre- and post-knowledge and attitude to the oral health. Each participant was educated for self and infant oral care with the help of a specially prepared colored printed booklet. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to explore the associations between the age, education and socioeconomic class and knowledge; Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and post-knowledge score. RESULTS: Median preoral health knowledge-attitude score was found to be 4 (0-8) and was found to be associated with the level of education (P = 0.014) and socioeconomic class (0.019). There was a significant improvement in the median postknowledge score to 7 (2-10) (P < 0.001) following oral health educational session in all categories. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated preventive oral health checkup and educational program to pregnant women can benefit the dental health of the women and children. Prenatal care workers can be involved to disseminate the oral health awareness to pregnant women during antenatal visits.

Salivary proteins and peptides in the aetiology of caries in children: Systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2018 were researched for original observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed regarding the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the review, from which the issue of glycoproteins (including immunoglobulins), AMPs and salivary enzymes was discussed. The research involved primary dentition (13 papers), as well as mixed (7) and permanent dentition (5). Caries assessment included visual inspection, dmft/s and DMFT/S indexed; quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria; and caries risk assessment. DISCUSSION: The results of studies regarding the connection between salivary peptides and proteins and caries development in children are promising; however, further investigations should be undertaken. The majority of studies included are case-control and cross-sectional; however, it is necessary to conduct more cohort studies with adequate follow-up prior to considering this as markers for caries risk assessment.

Survival analysis of caries incidence in African-American school-aged children.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct an assessment of time-dependent covariates related to dental caries of the permanent dentition among a low socioeconomic status, understudied cohort of children, incorporating time-dependent covariates through the application of extended Cox proportional hazards modeling. METHODS: This study modeled the time to first cavitated dental caries in permanent teeth among school-aged children and assessed factors associated with this event. A cohort of 98 low socioeconomic status African-American children with mean age of 5.85 years at baseline was recruited in Uniontown, Alabama and followed prospectively for 6 years. None of these children had dental caries on permanent teeth at baseline, and oral examinations were performed annually. Caries-free survival curves were generated to describe time to event (having first decayed, filled, or missing permanent surface). Bivariate and multivariable extended Cox hazards modeling was used to assess the relationships between time-dependent and time-independent covariates and time to event. RESULTS: Twenty-eight children (28.6 percent) had their first permanent tooth caries event during the 6-year follow-up. Multivariable results showed that greater consumption of water was associated with lower dental caries hazard, while previous primary tooth caries experience was associated with greater dental caries hazard after adjustment for frequency of consumptions of milk, added-sugar beverages, and 100 percent juice. CONCLUSIONS: There was a global/overall significant caries protective effect of water consumption during the school-age period of child development.

[Mathematical-cartographic modeling and forecasting of caries and acute apical periodontitis incidence in pediatric population]. / Matematiko-kartograficheskoe modelirovanie i prognozirovanie zabolevaemosti detei kariesom i ostrym apikal'nym periodontitom.

The paper presents the results of mathematical-cartographic simulation study of the incidence of caries and acute apical periodontitis in pediatric population of Belgorod region. The Borisov district was found to be the most unfavorable area of the region with the highest incidence of the diseases. The forecast indicates an increase in the incidence of caries in children by 181.1 cases and acute apical periodontitis by 15.00 cases per 1.000 children annually in the coming years. The incidence of acute apical periodontitis is influenced by the excess of maximum permissible concentration of phenol and soot in atmospheric air, forming a homogenous cluster.

Analysis of fissure sealant combined with fluorine-containing gel in the prevention of dental caries in children / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To study the effect of fissure sealant combined with fluorine-containing gel in the prevention of dental caries in children.Methods Totally 86 cases who came into our hospital for healthy check-up from June 2010 to June 2011 were slected,and they were divided into 3 groups according to a random number table.Children in fissure sealant group were given fissure sealant treatment,children in combined treatment group were given fluorine gel treatment in addition of fissure sealant,and children of the control group were given rou-tine oral care.Observed the caries average,adjacent surface caries and caries occurrence of the three groups,and observed the blocking agent of the fissure sealant group and the combined treatment group.Results Three years after the prophylactic treatment,the caries occurrence, adjacent surface caries and caries average of fissure sealant group and combined treatment group showed an obvious downward trend compared with those of the control group.But the caries occurrence,adjacent surface caries and caries average of combined treatment group were sig-nificantly lower than the fissure sealant group,with a statistically significant difference(P <0.05).In the follow-up of the first two years,the complete preservation rate of sealant in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than the fissure sealant group,while the partial and complete loss rate of sealant in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than the fissure sealant group,and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Fissure sealant combined with fluorine-containing gel in the prevention of dental caries in children can receive good results,and it is worth of promotion.

Fluoride supplements in pregnancy, effectiveness in the prevention of dental caries in a group of children.

UNLABELLED: This clinical, retrospective study intends to evaluate whether the systemic administration of fluoride during pregnancy can reduce caries incidence in a group of paediatric patients, compared to a control group.84 patients were selected out of a sample of 2000 children (3-15 years of age) and then divided in two groups: TEST Group: 34 patients (16M - 18F, mean age 9.23), whose mothers had taken fluoride during pregnancy; CONTROL GROUP: 50 patients (23M - 27F, mean age 9) whose mothers had not taken fluoride.Patients underwent a clinical and radiographic inspection to assess the dfs/DFS value as caries index (decayed or filled surfaces for deciduous or permanent teeth). RESULTS: DFS/DFS VALUE: TEST Group: 3.41, CONTROL group 2.49. The TEST group was further divided in individuals who were administered fluoride only during pregnancy (33%) with a dfs/DFS of 3.14 and individuals who were administered fluoride also after birth (67%) with a dfs/DFS of 3. Caries index (dfs/DFS) did not show any significant differences between the test and control groups. Fluoride administration during pregnancy and postpartum does not seem to have a significant impact on the reduction of caries incidence. More preventive strategies should be investigated to contrast the multifactorial etiology of children caries.

Clinical study of psychological nursing for caries in children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the value of psychological nursing in treatment of children caries.Methods 200 children with caries were divided randomly into the experimental group and the control group with 100 cases in each group.The experimental group was given psychological nursing according to different age groups,while the control group only received routine treatment.The compliance degree of children patients were compared between the two groups. Results The compliance degree of the experimental group was better than the control group. Conclusions Psychological nursing can alleviate intense,anxiety,pain,dread of children patients,enhance medical compliance degree,thus ensure the smooth progress of treatment reduce the treatment time greatly,raise working efficiency in order to achieve high quality service.

The initial adherence of Streptococci isolates from the children with rampant caries / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05). S.sobrinus strains had significantly lower initial adhesive ability to saliva coated hydroxyapatite in the absence of sucrose than S.mutans (P