Institutional violence from police militarization and drug cartel wars as a 'Big Event' and its influence on drug use harms and HIV risk in people who inject drugs on the U.S.-Mexico border.

BACKGROUND: Globally, the US-Mexico Border is one of the largest drug trafficking regions, with Ciudad Juarez (CJ) and El Paso (EP) making up the second-largest border crossing in the world. Border communities are places where the risk of drug use harm and infectious diseases such as HIV are augmented due to the confluence of factors operating across the physical, social, economic and policy environment. Although the two cities are economically, culturally, and socially intertwined, each has distinct criminal justice systems and policy practices aimed at curtailing substance use. Between 2008 and 2011, the CJ/EP region experienced an unprecedented level of violence that stemmed from the intersection of police militarization and drug cartel wars, which profoundly shaped every aspect of life. Little research has documented the impact of drug cartel wars on the drug use and health harms of people who inject drugs (PWID) living in CJ and EP. The purpose of the study is to understand the effect that the drug cartel war had on the drug use harms and HIV risk of PWID. METHODS: We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with people who inject drugs who resided in CJ or EP and had used heroin or crack cocaine in the last 30 days, and asked how police militarization and drug cartel war affected their daily lives. The risk environment framework informed the analysis and interpretation of findings. RESULTS: Findings indicated that the risk environment was profoundly altered as PWID residing in CJ experienced profound changes in their daily lives that promoted engagement in behaviors that increased drug use and health harms including HIV risk, exacerbated trauma, and prevented use of substance use treatment and harm reduction services. The risk environment was also altered in EP, where PWID experienced drug supply shortages, violent policing practices, and reduced availability of harm reduction services. Findings underscore the permeability of risk environments across geographical borders. CONCLUSION: The intersection of law enforcement militarization and drug cartel wars can be conceptualized as a 'big event' because it disrupts the drug market economy, leads to drug shortages, promotes entrance into the drug market economy by people who use drugs, reshapes drug use sites, and constrains the provision of harm reduction services. The stability of the harm reduction system in CJ was negatively impacted and limited the ability of individuals to reduce harm. Our findings show that drug cartel wars render the CJ/EP region extremely susceptible to drug use and health harms, while also creating vulnerability by severely restricting its ability to respond. Traditional recommendations to intervene to limit the impact of risk environments on the drug use harms of PWID need to be reconsidered in the context of drug cartel wars.

Análise das imagens de campanhas sobre prevenção do suicídio na adolescência: estudo qualitativo / Análisis de las imágenes de campañas sobre la prevención del suicidio en la adolescencia: estudio cualitativo / Image analysis of adolescent suicide prevention campaigns: a qualitative study

Objetivo: analisar as imagens veiculadas nas campanhas de prevenção do suicídio realizadas pelos órgãos representativos da área da saúde de países da América Latina. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa ancorado na perspectiva da análise de imagem. O corpus textual foram cartazes de campanhas de prevenção ao suicídio de organizações governamentais e não governamentais representativas da América Latina. Os dados foram coletados e organizados à luz das etapas da análise de imagem. Resultados: foram analisados seis cartazes que fez emergir 9 subtemas que construíram um único tema: Prevenção ao suicídio, sendo esse o princípio do conhecimento difundido. Conclusão:as mensagens veiculadas abordam os principais assuntos que envolvem a temática e pontos importantes de serem trabalhados pela enfermagem e demais profissionais de saúde através de signos icônicos, plásticos e linguísticos que dialogam com o público de adolescentes,contribuindo para a construção de futuros cartazes de prevenção do suicídio.

Objective: to analyze images disseminated in suicide prevention campaigns by representative health bodies of Latin American countries. Methods:a descriptive study with a qualitative approach supported by the image analysis perspective. The textual corpus comprised suicide prevention campaign posters by representative governmental and non-governmental organizations of Latin America. The data were collected and organized based on the steps proposed by image analysis. Results: six posters were analyzed, leading to 9 sub-themes that built a single theme: Suicide prevention, which was the principle of the disseminated knowledge. Conclusion: the disseminated messages dealt with the main issues which this theme entails and important points to be worked on by nurses and other health professionals through iconic, plastic, and linguistic signs that dialogue with adolescents, contributing to the construction of future suicide prevention posters.

Objetivo: analizar las imágenes vehiculadas en las campañas de prevención del suicidio de organizaciones representativos del área de la salud en países de Latinoamérica. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo basado en la perspectiva del análisis de imagen. El corpus textual se constituyó de afiches de campañas de prevención del suicidio de organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales representativas de Latinoamérica. Los datos se colectaron y organizaron a través de las etapas del análisis de imagen. Resultados:se analizaron 6 afiches, lo que llevó a la emergencia de 9 subtemas, los cuales constituyeron un único tema: Prevención del suicidio, el principio del conocimiento difundido.Conclusión: los mensajes vehiculados abordaban los principales asuntos que envuelven la temática y puntos importantes para a trabajar por las enfermeras y otros profesionales de la salud por medio de signos icónicos, plásticos y lingüísticos que dialogan con los adolescentes,contribuyendo a la construcción de futuros carteles de prevención del suicidio.

Análise das imagens de campanhas sobre prevenção do suicídio na adolescência: estudo qualitativo / Análisis de las imágenes de campañas sobre la prevención del suicidio en la adolescencia: estudio cualitativo / Image analysis of adolescent suicide prevention campaigns: a qualitative study

Objetivo: analisar as imagens veiculadas nas campanhas de prevenção do suicídio realizadas pelosórgãos representativos da área da saúde de países da América Latina. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa ancorado na perspectiva da análise de imagem. O corpus textual foram cartazes de campanhas de prevenção ao suicídio de organizações governamentais e não governamentais representativas da América Latina. Os dados foram coletados e organizados à luz das etapas da análise de imagem. Resultados: foram analisados seis cartazes que fez emergir 9 subtemas que construíram um único tema: Prevenção ao suicídio, sendo esse o princípio do conhecimento difundido. Conclusão:as mensagens veiculadas abordam os principais assuntos que envolvem a temática e pontos importantes de serem trabalhados pela enfermagem e demais profissionais de saúdeatravés de signosicônicos, plásticos elinguísticos que dialogam com o público de adolescentes,contribuindo para a construção de futuros cartazes de prevenção do suicídio

Objective:to analyzeimages disseminated in suicide prevention campaigns by representative health bodies of Latin American countries. Methods:a descriptive study with a qualitative approach supported by the image analysis perspective. The textual corpus comprised suicide prevention campaign posters by representative governmental and non-governmental organizations of Latin America. The data were collected and organized based on the steps proposed by image analysis. Results:six posters were analyzed, leading to 9 sub-themes that built a single theme: Suicide prevention, which was the principle of the disseminated knowledge. Conclusion:the disseminated messages dealt with the main issues which this theme entails and important points to be worked on by nurses and other health professionals through iconic, plastic, and linguistic signs thatdialogue with adolescents, contributing to the construction of future suicide prevention posters

Objetivo:analizar las imágenes vehiculadas en las campañas de prevención del suicidio de organizaciones representativos del área de la salud en países de Latinoamérica.Métodos:estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo basado en la perspectiva del análisis de imagen.El corpus textual se constituyó de afiches de campañas de prevención del suicidio de organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales representativas de Latinoamérica. Los datos se colectaron y organizaron a través de las etapas del análisis de imagen.Resultados:se analizaron 6 afiches, lo que llevó a la emergencia de 9 subtemas, los cuales constituyeron un único tema: Prevención del suicidio, el principio del conocimiento difundido.Conclusión:los mensajes vehiculados abordaban los principales asuntos que envuelven la temática y puntos importantes para a trabajar por las enfermeras y otros profesionales de la salud por medio de signos icónicos, plásticos y lingüísticos que dialogan con los adolescentes,contribuyendo a la construcción de futuros carteles de prevención del suicidio

Características y consideraciones para la elaboración del póster académico en la Educación Superior / Characteristics and considerations for presenting an academic poster in Higher Medical Education

Introducción: Las presentaciones de pósteres son un evento común de muchos entornos académicos y profesionales modernos. El póster académico resulta un medio eficaz para visualizar y transmitir un conocimiento. Sin embargo, realizar esta transmisión de forma efectiva requiere de consideraciones que involucran el diseño del póster y las competencias comunicativas del expositor. Objetivo: Caracterizar las principales consideraciones para la elaboración y presentación de un póster académico. Métodos: Se exploraron fuentes de información en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus y SciELO desde 2010 hasta 2020. Se utilizaron los términos clave en español: Comunicación y Divulgación Científica, Carteles como Asunto, Cartel, Exposición y Póster Académico. El rastreo ubicó 31 fuentes de información: 8 páginas institucionales, 1 libro y 22 artículos científicos. Conclusiones: La elaboración del póster académico requiere conocimientos relacionados con metodología de la investigación, redacción científica, diseño gráfico, publicidad, análisis de datos, comunicación verbal/no verbal, etcétera. El texto, las palabras y las visualizaciones se yuxtaponen como un todo en la función comunicativa. Esto implica el dominio de habilidades comunicativas que deben ser aprendidas por los autores si desean transmitir eficientemente un conocimiento a los espectadores(AU)

Introduction: Poster presentations are a common event in many modern academic and professional settings. An academic poster is an effective means for visualizing and conveying knowledge. However, to do this effectively requires considerations involving the poster design and the communication skills of the presenter. Objective: To characterize the main considerations for the elaboration and presentation of an academic poster. Methods: Information sources from 2010 to 2020 were explored in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases. The following key terms in Spanish were used: comunicación y divulgación científica [communication and popular science], carteles como asunto [posters as a topic], cartel [poster], exposición [presentation] and póster académico [academic poster]. Through random searching, 31 information sources, eight institutional pages, one book and 22 scientific articles were found. Conclusions: The elaboration of an academic poster requires knowledge related to research methodology, scientific writing, graphic design, advertising, data analysis, verbal/nonverbal communication, and so on. Text, words and visualizations are juxtaposed as a whole within the communicative function. This implies the mastery of communicative skills that must be learned by authors if they wish to convey knowledge to viewers efficiently(AU)

Reverse payments, patent strength, and asymmetric information.

Reverse payments (pay-for-delay) are payments from an originator to a generic pharmaceutical producer to settle a potential litigation. In many jurisdictions, these payments are banned. This study shows that when the parties' investments are considered and the information about the patent strength is asymmetric, reverse payments increase both the possibility of generic entry and the litigation rate-both of which increase consumer surplus and do not necessarily delay generic entry. Reverse payments typically increase consumer surplus when the asymmetry between the parties is low, the competitiveness in the market is soft, and their size is small. Results suggest that a ban per se may be suboptimal.

Anti-cartel thrillers as a new film genre: How regulator-produced films portray and problematize cartels and communicate deterrence.

This article directs the 'visual turn' in criminology to corporate crime, a topic that has been understudied by cultural criminologists. A recent trend of corporate crime movies suggests that film can compellingly critique economic crime and unethical business cultures. This article studies how law enforcement agencies, particularly competition authorities, have connected with this trend by using film in their communicative strategy. This article introduces the emerging genre of anti-cartel enforcement thrillers: regulator-produced realistic docudramas in which fictional cartels are exposed and punished. These films' narratives about cartel enforcement are reconstructed by studying how the films portray cartels, perpetrators and their motives, and the regulator. An analysis of four films produced in four jurisdictions demonstrates that the films deter only to the extent that the local legal and political-economic context allows: the British film reflects that country's neoliberal 'pro-business' climate, while the Swedish film depicts businesses as socially responsible and the Dutch film is pragmatic rather than moralistic. Only the Australian film is explicitly punitive in its narrative as well as its imaginary, and exemplifies the persuasive potential of film in enforcement.

Quando há cartel? / When is there cartel? / ¿Cuando hay cartel? / Quand il y a cartel ?

Ao fundar a Escola Francesa de Psicanálise, Lacan propõe que, no cerne da Escola, estariam duas formas peculiares de experimentar e transmitir a experiência psicanalítica: o passe e o cartel. Este artigo tem por objetivo levantar impasses do dispositivo do cartel a partir de uma experiência de dissolução; para isso, levanta três elementos — forma, tempo e espaço — para a problematização do dispositivo no que tange a seu caráter inédito e potente para a formação dos analistas. (AU)

When Jacques Lacan founded the French School of Psychoanalysis, he proposed that at the center of the School two peculiar ways of experiencing and transmitting the psychoanalytic experience would exist: the pass and the cartel. This article aims to discuss some impasses of the cartel device from an experience of dissolution; for this, it raises three elements — form, time and space — to problematize this type of device when it comes to its unprecedented and potent character for the education as an analyst. (AU)

Al fundar la Escuela Francesa de Psicoanálisis, Jacques Lacan propone que en el corazón de la Escuela estarían dos formas peculiares de experimentar y transmitir la experiencia psicoanalítica: el pase y el cartel. Este artículo tiene por objetivoenumerar impasses del dispositivo del cártel a partir de una experiencia de disolución; para eso, discute tres elementos — forma, tiempo y espacio — para la problematización del dispositivo en relación a su carácter inédito y potente para la formación de los analistas. (AU)

Lorsqu’il fonde l’École Française de Psychanalyse, Jacques Lacan propose qu’il y ait, dans son sein, deux manières particulières d’expérimenter et de transmettre l’expérience psychanalytique : la passe et le cartel. Ainsi, cet article a pour but de poser les impasses du dispositif du cartel à partir d’une expérience de dissolution ; pour y arriver, trois éléments — la forme, le temps et l’espace — sont étudiés, ayant en compte la problématisation du dispositif par rapport à son caractère inédit et puissant quant à la formation des analystes. (AU)

Quem será o mais-um? Contribuições da psicanálise para o campo da política / Who will be the plus one? Contributions of psychoanalysis to the field of politics / ¿Quién será el más uno? Contribuciones del psicoanálisis al campo de la política / Qui sera le plus-un ? Contributions de la psychanalyse à la politique

Quem será o mais-um? A pergunta que se repete a cada novo cartel constituído nos servirá de mote para discutir as contribuições da psicanálise para o campo da política. Em uma perspectiva lógica, investigaremos a distinção entre a política do Um, agenciada pela exceção, e as políticas do um a um, em estreita articulação com a função do mais-um. Descentralizadas, pluralizadas, singularizadas, as políticas do um a um nos remetem à possibilidade de fazer laço entre sujeitos dessemelhantes, tomados em suas inteiras singularidades. Sob tal perspectiva, se há um índice de “quem será o mais-um”, ele se refere às chances de contar (com) a diferença no trabalho que se produzirá um a um. Nas conclusões, a dimensão política da função do mais-um será retomada em uma perspectiva mais ampla, do cartel à pólis, no debate das questões relacionadas com o governo e a diferença. (AU)

Who will be the plus one? The same question asked in each newly established cartel will serve as a motto to discuss the contributions of psychoanalysis to politics. From a logical perspective, we will investigate the distinction between the policy of the One, mediated by the exception, and the one to one policies, in close coordination with the function of the plus one. Decentralized, pluralized and singularized, one-to-one policies remind us of possible linkages among dissimilar subjects taken in their entire singularities. In such a perspective, any sign of “who that will be produced one by one. In the conclusions, the political realm of the role of the plus one will be resumed in a broader perspective, from the cartel to the polis, in the debate on issues related to governance and difference. (AU)

Quién será el más uno? La misma pregunta formulada en cada cártel recién establecido servirá como lema para discutir las contribuciones del psicoanálisis a la política. Desde una perspectiva lógica, investigaremos la distinción entre la política del Uno, mediada por la excepción, y las políticas del uno a uno, en estrecha coordinación con la función del otro. Las políticas descentralizadas, pluralizadas y singularizadas de uno-a-uno nos recuerdan los posibles vínculos entre sujetos diferentes tomados en su total singularidad. Bajo esa perspectiva, cualquier señal de “quién será el más uno” se referirá a las probabilidades de contar (en) la diferencia, en el trabajo que se producirá uno por uno. En las conclusiones, el ámbito político del papel del más uno se reanudará en una perspectiva más amplia, desde el cartel hasta la polis, en el debate sobre cuestiones relacionadas con la gobernanza y la diferencia. (AU)

Qui sera le plus un ? Cette question, qui se pose à chaque cartel nouvellement établi, servira de guide pour discuter les contributions de la psychanalyse au domaine de la politique. D’un point de vue logique, nous étudierons la distinction entre la politique de l’Un, agencée par l’exception, et les politiques de l’un par un, en étroite articulation avec la fonction du plus-un. Décentralisées, pluralisées et singularisées, les politiques de l’un par un renvoient aux liens possibles entre des sujets différents, pris dans leur singularité. Dans une telle perspective, s’il y a un indice de “qui sera leplus-un”, il se réfère à la probabilité de compter (sur) la différence, dans le travail qui se produira un par un. La dimension politique de la fonction du plus-un sera reprise à partir d’une perspective plus large, du cartel à la polis, dans le débat concernant les questions liées au gouvernement et à la différence. (AU)

O cartel psicanalítico e os limites de sua escala lógica / The psychoanalytic cartel and the limits of its logical scale / El cártel psicoanalítico y los límites de su nivel lógico / Le cartel psychanalytique et les limites de son echelle logique

A proposta deste trabalho é abordar o limite de escala lógica do cartel. Esse dispositivo de transmissão é proposto por Jacques Lacan e chamado de "órgão de base" do funcionamento de sua Escola. O cartel pode ser entendido como uma forma coletiva que emerge de diversas tentativas - inclusive fracassadas - de constituição que se estrutura para-além dos efeitos de 'grupo' descritos por Freud em Psicologia das massas e análise do eu. Portanto, objetiva-se que o cartel escape às tradicionais estruturas hierárquicas e verticalizadas, além de tentar esvaziar o sentido das identificações entre os pares e do 'Um ideal'. Para tanto, a proposta é de um arranjo lógico limitado a 4+1, em que os membros do cartel se reúnam em torno de um tema (que funcionaria como elo entre o pequeno grupo), apresentando um argumento de trabalho que simultaneamente faz o grupo - uma vez que os membros estão articulados por uma produção de saber, uma tarefa - e particulariza a questão. Pensando com base na teoria dos discursos (que se utiliza de matemas para demonstrar os engendramentos dos laços sociais) proposta por Lacan em 1969-70, a estrutura de um cartel pode ser associada a uma inscrição no discurso do analista. Os outros discursos - do mestre, do universitário e da histérica - de certo modo mapeiam o aparelhamento de gozo de maneira indiferente às escalas sociais. A qualificação 'numérica' do cartel é pouco estudada na psicanálise e, em nosso entender, diz de um compromisso implícito da teoria lacaniana com certas teses da filosofia política e da sociologia a respeito da origem dos fenômenos de massa. Partindo-se dessas idéias é que nos perguntamos o que seria um 'laço pelo discurso analítico' que não corroborasse com esse corolário restritivo, que, ao contrário dos outros discursos, incide sobre a escala do laço social. Tentamos nos servir da psicanálise - sobretudo da proposta lacaniana do cartel - para pensarmos na estrutura grupal como também potencialmente emancipatória. Acreditamos que isso está posto no fundamento do 'órgão basal' da Escola, ao sugerir pensar para-além da alienação grupal.

The purpose of this paper is to address the logical scale limit of the cartel. This transmission device proposed by Jacques Lacan and called the "basic organ" of the functioning of his School can be understood as a collective form that emerges from a number of attempts - including failures - of the constitution that structures itself beyond the group effects described by Freud in Mass Psychology and Self-Analysis. Therefore, it is intended that the cartel escape from traditional hierarchical and vertical structures, as well as try to empty the sense of identifications between peers and the "One ideal". To do so, the proposal is a logical arrangement limited to 4 + 1, in which the cartel members gather around a theme (which would act as a link between the small group), presenting a working argument that simultaneously makes the group - since the members are articulated by a production of knowledge, a task - and particularizes the question. Thinking on the theory of speeches (using maths to demonstrate the engendering of social ties) proposed by Lacan in 1969-70, the structure of a cartel can be associated with an inscription in the analyst's speech. The other speech from the master, the university, and the hysteric-somehow map the apparatus of enjoyment indifferently to social scales. The "numerical" qualification of the cartel is little studied in psychoanalysis and, in our opinion, it says of an implicit commitment of the Lacanian theory with certain theses of the political philosophy and the sociology with respect to the origin of the mass phenomena. Starting from these ideas, we ask ourselves what would be a "tie by analytic discourse" that does not corroborate this restrictive corollary, which, unlike the other speeches, focuses on the scale of the social bond. We try to use psychoanalysis - especially the Lacanian proposal of the cartel - to think of the group structure as also potentially emancipatory. We believe that this is on the foundation of the 'basal organ' of the School, by suggesting thinking beyond group alienation.

La apuesta de este trabajo es tratar del límite del nivel lógico del cartel. Ese dispositivo de transmisión es propuesto por Jacques Lacan y llamado de "órgano de base" del funcionamiento de su Escuela. El cartel puede ser entendido como una forma colectiva que surge de diversos intentos - incluso fracasados - de constitución que se estructura para allá de los efectos de 'grupo' descritos por Freud en Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo. Por lo tanto, se objetiva que el cártel escape de las tradicionales estructuras de jerarquía y verticalizadas, además de intentar vaciar el sentido de las identificaciones entre los pares y del 'Un ideal'. Para eso, la propuesta es de un arreglo lógico limitado a 4+1, en que los miembros del cartel se reúnan en torno de un tema (que funcionaría como eslabón entre el pequeño grupo), presentando un argumento de trabajo que el grupo hace a la vez - una vez que los miembros están articulados por una producción de saber, una tarea - y particulariza la cuestión. Pensando con base en la teoría de los discursos (que se utiliza de matemas para demostrar la formación de los lazos sociales) propuesta por Lacan en 1969-70, la estructura de un cartel puede ser relacionada a una inscripción en el discurso del analista. Los otros discursos - del maestro, del universitario y de la histérica - de cierto modo mapean el aparato de gozo de manera indiferente a las escalas sociales. La calificación 'numérica' del cartel es poco estudiada en el psicoanálisis y, en nuestro entendimiento, habla de un compromiso implícito de la teoría lacaniana con ciertas tesis de la filosofía política y de la sociología a respecto del origen de los fenómenos de masa. A partir de esa idea nos preguntamos qué sería un 'lazo por el discurso analítico' que no corroborara con ese corolario restrictivo que, al contrario de los otros discursos, cae sobre la escala del lazo social. Intentamos servirnos del psicoanálisis - sobre todo de la propuesta lacaniana del cártel - para pensar en la estructura de grupo como también potencialmente emancipadora. Creemos que eso está puesto en el fundamento del 'órgano basal' de la Escuela, al sugerir pensar para allá de la alienación de grupo.

Le but de cet article est aborder la limite d'échelle logique du cartel. Ce dispositif de transmission est proposé par Jacques Lacan et est appelé «organe de base¼ du fonctionnement de son école. Le cartel peut être compris comme une forme collective qui résulte de diverses tentatives - même les tentatives échouées - de constitution qui est structurée au-delàs des effets de «groupe¼ décrit par Freud dans Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi. Donc, il est prévu que le cartel échappe aux traditionnelles structures hiérarchiques et verticales, et aussi essaye de vider le sens des identifications entre les pairs et du «Moi idéal¼. À cette fin, la proposition est d'une disposition logique limitée à 4 +1, dans lequel les membres du cartel se réunissent autour d'un thème (qui fonctionnerait comme un lien entre le petit groupe), en présentant un argument de travail qui (simultanément) construit le groupe - une fois que les membres sont articulés par une production du savoir, une tâche - et identifie le problème. En prenant comme base la théorie des discours (laquelle s'utilise de mathèmes pour démontrer les mécanismes des liens sociaux) proposée par Lacan en 1969-70, la structure d'un cartel peut être associée à un enregistrement au discours de l'analyste. Les autres discours - du maître, de l'universitaire et de l'hystérique - dans certaines façons, cartographient le développement de la jouissance indifféremment des échelles sociales. La qualification «numérique¼ du cartel est peu étudiée chez la psychanalyse et, à notre avis, montre un engagement implicite de la théorie lacanienne avec certaines thèses de sociologie et de philosophie politique par rapport à l'origine de phénomènes de masse. En prenant ces idées on se demande ce qui serait un «lien par le discours analytique¼ qui ne corrobore pas avec ce corollaire restrictif, qui, contrairement aux autres discours, influence l'échelle du lien social. On s'est servi de la psychanalyse - en particulier de la proposition lacanienne de cartel - avec l'objectif de penser la structure de groupe comme potentiellement émancipatrice. On croit que cela est présenté dans le fondement de «l'orgue basale¼ de l'École, quand s'est suggérée penser au-delà de l'aliénation du groupe.

Recent ASA Presidents and 'Top' Journals: Observed Publication Patterns, Alleged Cartels and Varying Careers.

It has been common for studies presented as about American sociology as a whole to rely on data compiled from leading journals (American Sociological Review [ASR] and American Journal of Sociology [AJS]), or about presidents of the American Sociological Association [ASA], to represent it. Clearly those are important, but neither can be regarded as providing a representative sample of American sociology. Recently, Stephen Turner has suggested that dominance in the ASA rests with a 'cartel' initially formed in graduate school, and that it favors work in a style associated with the leading journals. The adequacy of these ideas is examined in the light of available data on the last 20 years, which show that very few of the presidents were in the same graduate schools at the same time. All presidents have had distinguished academic records, but it is shown that their publication strategies have varied considerably. Some have had no ASR publications except their presidential addresses, while books and large numbers of other journals not normally mentioned in this context have figured in their contributions, as well as being more prominent in citations. It seems clear that articles in the leading journals have not been as closely tied to prestigious careers as has sometimes been suggested, and that if there is a cartel it has not included all the presidents.

Desenlace da transferência / Outcome of the transference

Trata-se, neste texto, de considerar a forma como a transferência pode se denodar no fim de um discurso analítico. A experiência do cartel do passe tendo produzido a nomeação de AE nos leva a examinar as consequências do equívoco do sujeito suposto saber. Chegando a essa constatação do equívoco do sujeito suposto saber, o analisando não pode mais contar senão consigo mesmo para elaborar aquilo que não pode se apreender de um outro, mas que só pode se inventar. É assim que a psicanálise pode ser transmitida. Ademais, este texto revisa outra via do desenlace da transferência, a via da transferência de trabalho, o que implica certa concepção da Escola.(AU)

The goal of the text is to consider the outcome of the transference at the end of an analytical discourse. The cartel experience of the pass having produced the nomination of AE leads us into examining the consequences of the mistake of the subject's supposed knowledge. Arriving at this conclusion of the mistake of the subject's supposed knowledge, the patient cannot any longer count on him/herself to elaborate what cannot be learned from somebody else, but just to invent it. This is how psychoanalysis can be transmitted. Besides, this text reviews another way of the outcome of transference, the way of work transference, which implies a certain conception of the School.(AU)

O que enlaça o psicanalista na Escola de Lacan? / The tie and the grape tree: what ties the psychoanalyst to Lacan's School

O presente texto trata de uma reflexão sobre o enlaçamento do analista e a Escola. Esse refletir iniciou-se na construção de um trabalho de Cartel. No decorrer do texto discute-se, por meio de textos fundadores, o modo de ser e de estar do analista em consonância com sua práxis. A discussão trouxe ainda um novo significante – empar – para pensar a possibilidade de enlaçamento.(AU)

This text is a reflection about the connection between the analyst and the School, which has started in the construction of a Cartel work. Throughout the text, based on the founding texts, it is discussed the analyst's way of being in accordance with his/her praxes. It also brings a new signifier in order to think about this possibility of bonding.(AU)

Single and cartel effect of pesticides on biochemical and haematological status of Clarias batrachus: A long-term monitoring.

Pesticide mixtures are common in the streams of agricultural or urban catchments. Individual and cartel toxicity of four different pesticides, namely Endosulfan, Carbofuran, Methyl parathion and Cypermethrin were studied. Sub acute exposure (1/10th of LC50) for 1, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days in Clarias batrachus active tissues such as brain, gills, blood and liver were evaluated. Growth, hepatosomatic index and survival performance were decreased, inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase, gills Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activities, and abnormal behavior are noticed. The characteristics of the blood respiratory burst activity, erythrocyte count, contents of hematocrit and hemoglobin are dwindled. Plasma total proteins and liver glycogen decreased whereas blood glucose and serum creatinine, triglycerides are elevated. The immunological attributes such as white blood cell count was elevated, whereas albumin, globulins and lysozyme activity significantly decreased. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and lipid peroxidation levels are elevated, whereas glutathione peroxidase and glutathione are reduced. Toxicity effect of pesticides reached to a crest on 30th day and showed a descent thereafter except in endosulfan which mounted its detrimental effect throughout the experimental period. Toxicity trends of the present study are determined to be highest in Mix group followed by cypermethrin, methyl parathion and carbofuran. Indiscriminate application of these chemicals pose a toxic threat to non-target organisms, damage the ecosystems and jeopardizes human health.

A provocação do Mais-Um como possibilidade de um laço diferenciado / The provocation of the Plus-One as a possibility of a differentiated link

Este texto trata sobre a função do Mais-Um no cartel. No decorrer do texto discute-se o laço transferencial que une os membros de um cartel e como a função do Mais-Um pode promover um laço diferenciado, capaz de provocar o trabalho dos membros.

A Escola de psicanálise e sua garantia / The Psychoanalysis School and its guarantee

O artigo discute o tema da Escola e sua Garantia a partir da experiência da autora durante dois anos na Comissão Local Epistêmica de Acolhimento e Garantia (CLEAG) da EPFCL-Brasil. A experiência é balizada e discutida por meio da retomada de alguns textos fundadores de Jacques Lacan com vistas a atualizar e problematizar a questão da garantia na Escola.(AU)

The article discusses the issue of the School and its Guarantee from the experience of the author for two years in the Local Epistemic Committee for Hosting and Guarantee (CLEAG) of SPFLF-Brazil. The experience is mediated and discussed through the resumption of some basic texts by Jacques Lacan with the objective of updating and problematizing the issue of guarantee within the School.(AU)

Factores relacionados con la falta de lectura de carteles que difunden prueba para detectar VIH en gestantes / Factors related to the not reading information posters about the HIV detection test in pregnant women

Objetivo: identificar los factores que se relacionan con la falta de lectura en dos carteles diseñados para difundir pruebas de escrutinio que detectan el VIH en gestantes. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en gestantes ingresadas en un instituto de tercer nivel de atención. Se diseñaron y colocaron carteles de difusión sobre la aplicación gratuita de la prueba de escrutinio oral para detectar seropositividad al VIH en gestantes. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, religión, edad materna y trimestre de embarazo. Para evaluar la lectura o no del cartel se construyó y aplicó un cuestionario, previamente probado, donde se identificó el número de mujeres que declararon haber visto y leído los carteles así como sus datos sociodemográficos. Se aplicaron un total de 475 cuestionarios. Resultados: de las siete variables incluidas en el cuestionario, se encontró que la edad, la religión y el trimestre de embarazo al ingreso a la institución, tuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la frecuencia de no lectura del cartel. Conclusiones: es necesario generar alternativas comunicacionales enfocadas a aquellos grupos menos receptivos de la información a través de conocer los factores que influyen en la lectura o no de información. Las acciones de educación para la salud siguen formando parte fundamental en la toma de conciencia y modificación de conductas en la población, por lo que estas deben considerar y combinar no solo elementos educativos sino también psicológicos, culturales, comunicacionales y sociodemográficos con la finalidad de impactar de mejor manera el ámbito de la salud individual y social.

Objective: to identify the factors associated with unreading of two posters designed to spread screening tests that detect HIV in a pregnant woman. Methods: descriptive study conducted in hospitalized pregnant women in a tertiary care institution, in which posters were designed and placed to provide information on the free performance of oral screening test to detect HIV seropositivity in pregnant women. Sociodemographic variables, religion, maternal age and pregnancy trimester were analyzed. For evaluating whether the poster was read or not, a previously tested questionnaire was designed and applied to identify the number of women who reported having seen and read the signs and their basic demographic data. The total number of questionnaires was 475. Results: of the seven variables included in the questionnaire, it was found that age, religion and pregnancy trimester on admission to the institution had statistically significant differences in the frequency of unread poster. Conclusions: it is necessary to generate alternative communications targeted at those least receptive groups to information through knowing the factors that have an effect on reading or not of some information. Health education actions remain a fundamental part in raising awareness and in behavioral change in the population, so these should consider and combine not only educational elements but also psychological, cultural, communication and sociodemographic ones in order to have a better impact on the individual and social health.

Não sem passar pelo real / Not without passing through the real

A partir da experiência no cartel do passe e do testemunhode Analistas de Escola – A.E., a autora discute a disjunção entre o passe e o final de análise.(AU)