Bacteremia due to Serratia rubidaea in intensive care unit: a case series.

INTRODUCTION: Bacteremia caused by Serratia rubidaea is seldom mentioned in comparison with other Enterobacteriaceae species. It primarily affects immunocompromised patients undergoing invasive procedures. Furthermore, the incidence, clinical features, and microbiological profile of this pathogen in the intensive care unit are rarely described. CASE PRESENTATION: We present four North African case studies of bacteremia in four young female patients admitted to the intensive care unit for ketoacidosis with a history of diabetes mellitus. All four patients developed catheter-related infections complicated by deep vein thrombosis. The catheter site was femoral in all cases, and the main clinical manifestation was poorly tolerated fever. The pathogen was isolated in multiple peripheral blood cultures (> 4) for each patient, showing a similar profile in all cases: resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and sensitivity to aminoglycosides, piperacillin, fluoroquinolones, and folate-pathway inhibitors. Targeted treatment consisted of a combination of ciprofloxacin 400 mg twice per day and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 400/80 mg thrice per day for all four cases. However, in one case, this regimen was switched to amikacin due to adverse effects. The outcomes were favorable in the majority of cases. The patients described in this study were 21, 66, 22, and 27-year-old North African women. CONCLUSION: Most of the reported cases shared common risk factors and clinical aspects. Notably, a case of thrombosis complicating a catheter infection caused by Serratia rubidaea has not been previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, this bloodstream infection typically affects deeply immunocompromised patients. However, our four cases, admitted to the intensive care unit for ketoacidosis, only had a history of diabetes mellitus.

Anti-Tr/DNER antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia: three rare cases report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: To report three cases of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia related to anti-delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (Tr/DNER) antibodies. CASE PRESENTATION: Patients with unknown cerebellar ataxia were screened with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA)-related antibody panel. The anti-Tr antibody was positive in three female patients in whom the onset ages were 43 years, 35 years and 43 years old. The antibody titres of serum and cerebrospinal fluid were all 1:32. Cerebral ataxia was the most prominent presentation. Mild cerebellar atrophy was found in one of the patients. Immunotherapy was effective in all three patients. CONCLUSION: The Tr antibody is associated with autoimmune ataxia, and it has been suggested that the anti-Tr antibody should be tested in patients with cerebellar ataxia who are negative for routine ACA antibodies. Early immunotherapy may improve patient prognoses.

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion for dysplastic lumbar spondylolisthesis with high-grade slippage in two adolescent siblings: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar spondylolisthesis is reported to present with a familiar pattern, with the dysplastic type of spondylolysis being minor but more hereditary than the isthmic type. Siblings presenting during adolescence with neurological symptoms owing to high-grade dysplastic-type spondylolisthesis are rare. CASE PRESENTATION: The older brother suffered from left leg pain and numbness and dysesthesia of the right posterior thigh and calf and could not walk without a crutch at the age of 15 years. He had canal stenosis with disc bulging and dysplastic bilateral facet joint at L5/S1. The L5 vertebral body was slipped anterior downward to S1, with a round-shaped S1 cranial endplate. We diagnosed dysplastic-type spondylolisthesis and performed posterior lumbar interbody fusion at L5/S with mild reduction and sublaminar wiring at L4/5. The younger brother had no neurological symptoms at age 14 years but suffered from bilateral lower leg numbness at age 18 years. He had canal stenosis with disc bulging at L4/5 and L5/S1 and dysplastic bilateral facet joint at L5/S1 with right pars defect. The L5 vertebral body was vertically displaced anterior to the S1 vertebral body, with an S1 round-shaped cranial endplate. We diagnosed dysplastic-type spondylolisthesis, and posterior lumbar interbody fusion at L4/5 and L5/S with reduction was performed. Their neurological symptoms of the lower legs disappeared, and interbody bone fusion was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique for high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis remains controversial in terms of in situ fusion versus reduction. We recommend that surgery be performed promptly at the end of bone maturation because neurological symptoms often appear at the end of bone maturation. Because high-grade slips are rare but siblings may be present, the sibling should also be screened when dysplastic spondylolisthesis is detected.

Giant spider angioma following cirrhosis in HIV-infected individuals.

Spider angioma refers to a type of telangiectasis that presents slightly beneath the skin surface on the face, neck, arms or upper trunk, often manifesting with a central red spot and reddish extensions that radiate outwards like a spider's web. The cutaneous spider angioma may be benign but it often indicates abnormal liver function, especially in patients with chronic cirrhosis. The spider angioma is irreversible and rarely occurred diffusely over the body or with giant sizes. Here, we report two rare multiple and giant spider angioma cases in patients with HIV/AIDS who developed chronic cirrhosis. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed related literatures and evaluated the existing possible mechanisms of spider angioma.

Síndrome de Silver-Russell: Características clínicas, de neurodesenvolvimento e comunicação: Estudo de casos clínicos / Silver-Russell syndrome: clinical, neurodevelopmental and communication characteristics: clinical case studies

RESUMO A Síndrome de Silver Russel (SSR) é uma condição geneticamente heterogênea com fenótipo clínico que inclui restrição do crescimento intrauterino e pós-natal, alterações craniofaciais, assimetrias corporais, baixo índice de massa corporal e dificuldades alimentares. Há expectativa de alterações do desenvolvimento motor, da coordenação global e de fala. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar características da síndrome, do neurodesenvolvimento e comunicação de três crianças do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico da síndrome, na faixa etária de 16, 18 e 44 meses, respectivamente. Cumpriram-se os critérios éticos. Foi realizada análise de prontuário, com objetivo de coletar informações da anamnese realizada com os responsáveis, e da avaliação realizada com as crianças. A avaliação foi realizada por meio da aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: Observação do Comportamento Comunicativo (OCC), Teste de Screening de Desenvolvimento Denver-II (TSDD-II) e o Early Language Milestone Scale (ELMS). O levantamento de características confirmou a hipótese da SSR; na OCC verificou-se atraso nos comportamentos comunicativos para todos os participantes; no TSDD-II verificou-se atraso nas habilidades motora grossa, motora fina-adaptativa, linguagem e pessoal social. Na ELM verificou-se escores aquém do esperado para as funções auditiva receptiva e auditiva expressiva com habilidades receptivas mais desenvolvidas do que as habilidades expressivas. A SSR merece ser reconhecida pela comunidade científica, uma vez que as características fenotípicas e os dados de vida pregressa, possibilitam que seja levantada a hipótese da síndrome, visando o diagnóstico correto precocemente e um planejamento terapêutico que minimize os efeitos deletérios desta condição.

ABSTRACT Silver Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a genetically heterogeneous condition with a clinical phenotype that includes intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, craniofacial alterations, body asymmetries, low body mass index, and feeding difficulties. Alterations in motor development, global coordination, and speech are expected. The current study aims to present the syndrome, neurodevelopment, and communication characteristics of three male children diagnosed with the syndrome, aged 16, 18, and 44 months, respectively. Ethical principles were followed. An analysis of the medical records, aiming to collect information of the anamnesis, conducted with the guardians, and of the assessment carried out with the children was performed. The assessment was performed by applying the following instruments: Communicative Behavior Observation (CBO), Development Screening Test Denver-II (TSDD-II), and the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELMS). The survey of characteristics confirmed the SRS hypothesis; it was verified a delay in communicative behavior for all participants in CBO; in TSDD-II there was a delay in gross motor, fine motor-adaptive, language, and social personal skills. Scores below expectations were found for receptive auditory and expressive auditory functions, with receptive abilities more developed than expressive abilities, in ELM. The SRS deserves to be recognized by the scientific community, since the phenotypic characteristics and the data from the previous life allow the hypothesis of the syndrome to be raised, aiming at an early correct diagnosis and therapeutic planning that minimizes the harmful effects of this condition.

Bladder Paraganglioma: Three Cases Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Bladder paraganglioma (BPG) is one of the rare neuroendocrine neoplasms that develops from neural crest cells. It categorizes into functional and non-functional types based on the catecholamines secretion. Currently, functional BPG is predicted in advance based on signs and symptoms of catecholamine excess, such as hypertension and "micturition attacks". However, it is often overlooked because of its rareness. Misdiagnosis of a functional tumor may increase the risk of surgical intervention. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported 3 cases of BPG that they were admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain or gross hematuria. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed space-occupying lesions in the bladders with diameters less than 3cm. There were no typical catecholamine excess symptoms before surgical intervention. Postoperative pathology confirmed BPG after removal of the tumor. We also analyze 69 cases of BPG that has been reported and found that 78.0% cases were functional among the tumors larger than 3cm. CONCLUSION: Bladder tumors larger than 3cm in diameter can serve as an additional predictor of functional BPG. Patients who are suspected should undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, 123/131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan, and have their catecholamine levels tested. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, patients should be started on fluid replacement therapy and adrenergic blockade to abate the disorders associated with catecholamine excess.

Intestinal obstruction following gastric bypass.

PURPOSE: To draw the attention of the medical community to a differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction due to bezoar in the late postoperative period of gastric bypass that requires diagnosis and emergency management. METHODS: We report 8 cases of patients with intestinal obstruction due to bezoar in the late postoperative period of gastric bypass who required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Intestinal obstruction due to fruit pomace is a late complication that may require urgent surgical intervention and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Hernias poco comunes: hernia de Spiegel. Reporte de caso / Uncommon hernias: Spigelian hernia. Case report

La hernia de Spiegel es un defecto infrecuente de la pared abdominal producido por una alteración en la unión del borde lateral del músculo recto del abdomen y el borde medial del músculo transverso del abdomen en la línea semilunar. Representan apenas del 0,12 al 2% de todas las hernias. La presente investigación se enfocó en describir las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico, la incidencia, el procedimiento quirúrgico y su evolución en dos casos reportados. Caso 1: Femenina de 33 años, multípara, obesa, quien consulta por dolor y masa palpable en el cuadrante superior izquierdo del abdomen. Al examen físico, se evidenció dolor a la palpación en mesogastrio e hipocondrio izquierdo, exhibiendo protrusión del contenido abdominal, en la línea de Spiegel. Intervención quirúrgica: hernioplastia protésica de Spiegel con colocación de malla supraaponeurótica. Caso 2: Masculino de 89 años, con diagnóstico de EPOC, acudió a consulta presentando dolor abdominal en fosa iliaca y en la región inguino­escrotal izquierda. Al examen físico se evidenció saco herniario en la región inguino­escrotal por lo que se decide su resolución quirúrgica. Como hallazgo transoperatorio se evidenció defecto aponeurótico del recto anterior del abdomen izquierdo en su tercio inferior. Intervención quirúrgica: hernioplastia protésica de Spiegel con colocación de malla supraaponeurótica.Conclusión : La hernia de Spiegel es una entidad poco frecuente por lo que se debe concientizar al cirujano para sospechar este tipo de hernia en aquellos pacientes con presencia de aumento de volumen en la línea de Spiegel(AU)

Spigelian hernia is an infrequent abdominal wall defect caused by an alteration in the joint between lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle and the medial egde of the transverse abdominis muscle in the semilunar line. It represent only from 0.12 to 2% of all hernias. This investigation is focussed on describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, incidence, the surgical procedure and its evolution in two reported cases. Case 1: A 33 years old female, multiparous, obese, who consulted for pain and palpable mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Physical examination revealed tenderness between mesogastrium and left hypochondrium, showing protrusion of abdominal content, in the Spigelian line. Surgical intervention: Prosthetic Spiegel hernioplasty with supraaponeurotic mesh. Case 2: An 89 years old male, diagnosed with COPD, attended in the consultation presenting abdominal pain in the iliac fossa and in the left inguino-scrotal region. Physical examination revealed hernial sac in the inguino-scrotal region, reason which its surgical resolution is decided. As an intraoperative finding, an aponeurotic defect of the anterior rectus of the left abdomen was evidenced in its lower third. Surgical intervention: Prosthetic Spiegel hernioplasty with supraaponeurotic mesh.Conclusion : Spigelian hernia is a rare entity, so the surgeon must be focused on suspect this kind of hernia in patients with growth in Spiegel line(AU)

Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections.

The history of phage therapy started with its first clinical application in 1919 and continues its development to this day. Phages continue to lack any market approval in Western medicine as a recognized drug, but are increasingly used as an experimental therapy for the compassionate treatment of patients experiencing antibiotic failure. The few formal experimental phage clinical trials that have been completed to date have produced inconclusive results on the efficacy of phage therapy, which contradicts the many successful treatment outcomes observed in historical accounts and recent individual case reports. It would therefore be wise to identify why such a discordance exists between trials and compassionate use in order to better develop future phage treatment and clinical applications. The multitude of observations reported over the years in the literature constitutes an invaluable experience, and we add to this by presenting a number of cases of patients treated compassionately with phages throughout the past decade with a focus on osteoarticular infections. Additionally, an abundance of scientific literature into phage-related areas is transforming our knowledge base, creating a greater understanding that should be applied for future clinical applications. Due to the increasing number of treatment failures anticipatedfrom the perspective of a possible post-antibiotic era, we believe that the introduction of bacteriophages into the therapeutic arsenal seems a scientifically sound and eminently practicable consideration today as a substitute or adjuvant to antibiotic therapy.

Female genital tuberculosis and infertility: serial cases report in Bandung, Indonesia and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a Mycobacterium infection in the reproductive organs which often leads to infertility. FGTB is either asymptomatic or causes uncharacteristic clinical presentations, making an early diagnosis is challenging. Our aims were to evaluate the clinical presentations, the process to confirm the diagnosis and followed-up the patients who had undergone laparoscopy at our center. FGTB has been reported from many countries, but has never been reported from Indonesia. Here we present case studies to document the presence of FGTB in Indonesia. CASES PRESENTATION: There were three patients admitted to our center; two patients were admitted with irregular menstrual cycle as their chief complaint, while one patient came due to infertility. The results from laparoscopy were suggestive of FGTB; including the presence of caseating granulomas surrounded by epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and Langhans giant cells. Additionally, PCR testing confirmed presence of MTB. Subsequent to diagnosis, continuous TB medications was administered with excellent clinical outcome in two patients (pregnant in 18 months after under gone laparoscopy). The infertile patient remain in one of the treated patient above. CONCLUSION: In infertile patients who live in countries where Tuberculosis is an endemic disease, such as Indonesia, a comprehensive history taking, along with ultrasonography results can be used to diagnose FGTB. Confirmation of this diagnosis can be achieved through polymerase chain reactions result. Timely diagnosis and treatment are imperative to prevent any permanent injury to patient's reproductive organs.

Melanoma acral lentiginoso (MAL): experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia. 2003-2006 / Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM): the experience of the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. 2003-2006

El Melanoma Acral Lentiginoso (MAL) es una variante de melanoma maligno, frecuente en nuestro medio, de predomino en las manos, pies y aparato ungular. En Colombia representa cerca del 15% de los casos de melanomas. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas e histopatológicas de los pacientes con melanoma acral lentiginoso, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia (INC), durante el período 2003-2006. Este es el primer reporte descriptivo de esta condición en nuestro país y de los pocos a nivel mundial. Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo tipo serie de casos, que resume las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de todos los pacientes con MAL diagnosticados en el INC, entre 2003 y 2006. Resultados: los pacientes con MAL constituyen en el INC el 25% de los casos de melanoma. Un total de 93 pacientes fueron atendidos en el INC durante el período de estudio, de los que 78 recibieron manejo quirúrgico. El porcentaje de casos avanzados (Estadios III y IV) 33% (n=31). Entre los antecedentes se registraron el de trauma previo, en el sitio de la lesión en 11 (11.8%). La mayoría (n=60-64.5%) de los pacientes, no tuvieron antecedentes de exposición solar como factor de riesgo. Tres pacientes (3.4%) registraron historia familiar de melanoma, de primer grado. El compromiso de miembros inferiores fue mayoritario (88.1%) n=82, siendo la región plantar y digital los sitios más frecuentes de presentación n=77 (94%). De los pacientes llevados a cirugía, en 59 (75%) pacientes se realizó ganglio centinela. Otras opciones terapéuticas empleadas fueron: el tratamiento adyuvante con interferón alfa realizado en 14 pacientes (18%), quimioterapia en 8 pacientes (10.2%), radioterapia en 18 pacientes (23%), cirugía más quimioterapia en 8 pacientes (10.2 %), cirugía más radioterapia en 18 pacientes (23%) y cirugía, quimioterapia más radioterapia en 3 pacientes (3.8%). Conclusión: el presente estudio describe las características epidemiológicas del MAL en Colombia y constituye el punto de partida, para el estudio local de esta variante del melanoma, frecuente en nuestra población.

Introduction: Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (ALM) is a variation of malignant melanoma which frequently occurs in Latin America; in developed countries it accounts for 2-8% of all melanoma types; in Colombia, 15% of all melanoma cases are classified as ALM. Histopathological characteristics of acral lentiginous melanoma patients treated at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia (NCI) during the years 2003-2006. This is the first descriptive report carried out on ALM in our country, and is among the few conducted in the world. Methods: an observational, retrospective study compiled the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of all acral lentiginous melanoma patients treated at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia during the years 2003-2006. Results: ALM patients accounted for 25% of all melanoma cases treated at the National Cancer Institute. A total of 93 patients were treated over the course of the study, 78 of whom underwent surgery. Advanced cases (Stages III and IV) made up 33% (n=31) of the total; among tumor antecedents, trauma at lesion site came to 11.8% (n=11). Non-solar exposure as a risk factor was reported in 64.5% (n=60) of patients; three patients (3.4%) had immediate family history of melanoma. Lower limb involvement prevailed, 88.1% (n=82) of which toes and soles of the feet were the most frequent sites, 94% (n=77). Three quarters (75%) of the 59 patients who underwent surgery received sentinel lymph node surgery. Other treatments included: adjuvant therapy with interpheron-alpha in 14 (18%) patients, chemotherapy in 8 patients (10.2%), radiotherapy in 18 patients (23%), surgery plus chemotherapy in 8 patients (10.2%), surgery plus radiotherapy in 18 patients (23%), and surgery plus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in 3 patients (3.8%). Conclusion: this study describes the epidemiological characteristics of ALM in Colombia and provides a reference for the local study of this frequent melanoma variation in our population.

Double-hit and triple-hit lymphomas arising from follicular lymphoma following acquisition of MYC: report of two cases and literature review.

Double-hit or triple-hit B-cell lymphomas (DHL and THL) are rare subtype lymphomas usually associated with poor prognosis. It is defined by two or three recurrent chromosome translocations; MYC/8q24 loci, usually in combination with the t (14; 18) (q32; q21) bcl-2 gene or/and BCL6/3q27 chromosomal translocation. DHL was often observed both in de-novo diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). It is otherwise unclassifiable, showing features intermediate that of large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Here, we present two follicular lymphoma patients; one transformed to THL, another transformed to DHL. Both cases revealed aggressive clinical courses with poor prognosis and associated with acquisition of c-Myc gene (MYC) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. We reviewed the related literature, correlated the immunophenotype and clinical manifestations such as response to therapy and prognosis. Although the incidence of DHT and THL is low, cytogenetic and FISH analyses should be included when B-cell lymphoma patients experience relapse or refractory course of disease. We concluded that c-Myc may contribute to aggressive transformation, and more mechanism-based therapy should be explored.

Experiencia en acromegalia en el Hospital de San José Reporte de serie de casos 1990-2007 / Experiences with acromegaly at San José Hospital Case series report 1990-2007

Introducción: la acromegalia es una enfermedad causada por la producción anormal de hormona del crecimiento en momentos en que los huesos ya han tenido su cierre epifisiario. En un 98% de los casos, la fuente de la hipersecreción de hormona del crecimiento es un adenoma somatotropo hipofisiario. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar una serie de casos de acromegalia, en el hospital de San José de Bogotá. Material y métodos: se revisaron de manera retrospectiva los registros de consulta diaria del servicio de endocrinología del Hospital de San José de Bogotá, durante 1990-2007 encontrándose 24 registros de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de acromegalia, a los cuales se les aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos, que permitió describir las principales características demográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas y de tratamiento, mediante un análisis univariado y bivariado, realizado en el software estadístico Epi-Info. Resultados: se observó una mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino y en el rango de edad de 20 a 45 años para ambos géneros. El tiempo promedio de evolución de los síntomas fue de 8,3 años previos al diagnóstico. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes que motivaron la consulta fueron cambios en la apariencia física, prognatismo y cefalea. El diagnóstico imagenológico se realizó en un 96% con resonancia nuclear magnética contrastada, encontrándose en su mayoría macroadenomas. Al 92% de los pacientes se les realizó cirugía siendo el abordaje más usual el transesfenoidal. En cuanto al tratamiento farmacológico el más común fue con análogos de somatostatina (octreótide) y recibieron radioterapia complementaria al tratamiento médico 50% de los pacientes. Conclusiónes: la acromegalia continúa diagnosticándose cuando ya se han presentado importantes alteraciones sistémicas. La experiencia ha sido mayor con los casos de macroadenomas hipofisiarios, es decir, como aún lo sigue reportando la literatura mundial es una enfermedad insidiosa cuyo diagnóstico tardío empeora su pronóstico. Los hallazgos en esta serie en cuanto a manifestaciones clínicas y comorbilidades son coherentes con los observados por otros autores (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 48-52).

Background: acromegaly is caused by the abnormal production of growth hormone (GH) after epiphysiary closure. In 98% of cases, the source of GH hypersecretion is a somatotrope hypofisiary adenoma. Objective: the objective of this project was to characterize a series of cases of acromegaly. Materials and methods: outpatient charts were reviewed retrospectively at the Hospital San Jose in Bogota. A total of 24 cases were detected from 1990 - 2007, with a confirmed diagnosis of acromegaly. A data collection tool was applied and demographic, clinical, paraclinical and treatment variables were collected. Uni- and bi-variate analyses were used and data was analysed in the Epi-Info tool. Results: a greater frequency favoring female gender was observed, and the age range was 20-45 years. Average symptom evolution was 8, 3 years. Most frequent signs and symptoms that generated consultation were changes in physical appearance, prognathism and cephalea. Diagnostic imaging was performed in 96% of cases using MRI with contrast, finding in most of them the macroadenoma variety of the tumor.Ninety-two percent of patients underwent surgery and the most common technique included transesphenoidal approach. Medical treatment used more commonly somatostatin analogues (octreótide) and 50% of patients received radiotherapy. Conclusion: acromegaly is still being diagnosed by the time when important systemic alterations have appeared. It is observed at young age. The experience has been larger with macroadenomas, similar to reports from world literature that show this disease as one with an insidious course and late diagnosis that complicate the patients’ prognosis. The findings in this case series related to clinical presentation and comorbidities are similar with the ones observed by other authors (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 48-52).

Colesteatoma gigante: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Giant cholesteatoma: case and literature review' report

Introdução: Colesteatomas são lesões císticas revestidas por epitélio escamoso estratificado, preenchido por queratina. São classificados em congênitos, cerca de 2-5% e adquiridos, os quais são subdivididos em primários, formados a partir de uma retração timpânica e secundária, originada da migração epitelial através de uma perfuração timpânica. São tumores com capacidade expansiva e de lise óssea, podendo invadir estruturas adjacentes. Apresentação de Caso: Este trabalho relata o caso de ONV, 23 anos, procedente de Macapá/Amapá. Em agosto de 2007 compareceu a atendimento com história de otorreia crônica à direita, relatava ainda meningite e paralisia facial periférica à direita pregressa. A tomografia de mastoide demonstrou imagem hipodensa com densidade de tecidos moles preenchendo o ouvido médio, destruindo cadeia ossicular, canais semicirculares, cóclea e se estendendo até junto à porção proximal do conduto auditivo interno. Encaminhada para cirurgia. Durante o trans-operatório evidenciou-se extensa destruição da camada cortical da mastoide, a qual estava ocupada por massa de coloração amarelada, fétida e de aspecto consistente. Depois de retirada da lesão verificou-se a presença de fístulas de alto débito com fossa posterior. Realizou-se o fechamento das fístulas com cera de osso e retalho de músculo temporal. A paciente ficou internada durante 15 dias em uso de esquema antimicrobiano amplo. Atualmente encontra-se em acompanhamento regular e em bom estado geral. Comentários Finais: Este trabalho tem como objetivo chamar a atenção para as graves complicações desta patologia, que apesar de comum e de se tratar de lesão tumoral benigna pode trazer sequelas graves ao paciente, caso o diagnóstico e tratamento não sejam realizados precocemente.

Introduction: Cholesteatomas are cystic lesions encased by stratified squamous epithelium, filled for keratin. They are classified in congenital, about of 2-5% and acquired, which are subdivided in primary formed from a tympanic retraction and secondary, originated from epithelium migration through a tympanic perforation. They are tumeurs with an expansive capacity and of bone lysis being able to invade adjacent structures. Case Report: This work reports the case of ONV, 23 years old from Macapá/Amapá. In august 2007, he/she appeared to attendance with a case history of right chronic otorrhea, he/she also reported meningitis and progressive right peripherica facial paralysis. The mastoid tomography demonstrated an hypodense image with density of soft tissues filling the middle ear, destructing the ossicular chain, semicircular canals, cochlea and extending until next to the proximal portion of the internal auditory meatus. He/she was referred to surgery. During the trans-operative it is evidenced an extensive destruction of the cortical layer of the mastoid, which was obstructed by a mass of an yellow coloration, fetid and of the consistent aspect. After the lesion is removed it is verified the presence of fistulae of high debit with posterior fossa. It was proceeded with the fistulae closing with a bone wax and temporal muscle shred. The patient remained confined during 15 days in use wide antimicrobial schema. Currently, it is find in regular accompaniment and in a good general state. Final Comments: This work aims to call attention to the rigorous complications of these pathologies , which despite to be common and to be a benign tumoral lesion can bring severe sequelae to the patient, in the event of the diagnosis and treatment not to be prematurely performed.

Gliosarcoma: A rare primary CNS tumor. Presentation of two cases.

INTRODUCTION: Gliosarcoma is a very rare primary mixed tumor in the central nervous system, with a biphasic pattern consisting of glial and malignant mesenchymal elements. Its onset is between the fourth and sixth decade of life, and it has a male/female ratio of 1.8/1. Here we present two cases of Gliosarcoma treated in our department. DISCUSSION: The monoclonal or biclonal origin of its biphasic nature is still subject to debate; hence the importance of its diagnosis and histogenesis. RESULTS: Standard treatment consists in surgical resection of the tumor followed in some cases by external radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Flecked retina in systemic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case report

We report on a patient with a past medical history of successfully treated systemic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SNHL), who presented with multifocal yellowish retinal infiltrates (flecked retina) involving the post-equatorial retina of one eye. Fluorescein angiography revealed that the retinal infiltrates were hypofluorescent throughout the examination. The correct diagnosis of this ocular picture was important because the retinal lesions indicated central nervous system recurrence of systemic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Relatamos um paciente com história patológica pregressa de linfoma não-Hodgkin sistêmico que oito meses após o tratamento apresentou quadro oftalmoscópico de múltiplos infiltrados retinianos amarelados (" flecked retina" ) envolvendo a retina pós-equatorial de um olho. A retinografia fluoresceínica revelou que os infiltrados retinianos eram hipofluorescentes durante todo o decorrer do exame. O diagnóstico correto desse quadro ocular foi importante, pois indicou recorrência do linfoma no sistema nervoso central.

Síndrome de Urbach-Wiethe: relato de caso / Urbach-Wiethe syndrome: a case report

Apresentação de um caso de síndrome de Urbach-Wiethe com manifestações típicas, inclusive oculares. Paciente do sexo feminino, 15 anos, com quadro de prurido ocular relacionado à presença de lesões papuliformes em margens palpebrais (blefarose moniliforme), em associação com outras alterações sistêmicas. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por meio de biópsia cutânea e foi instituído uso de lágrimas artificiais, com alívio parcial do sintoma. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar um caso com manifestações características da doença atendido no Setor de Oftalmologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília.

We present a case of Urbach-Wiethe syndrome with typical findings, including ocular lesions. A 15-year-old girl was referred to our department complaining of itchy eyelid lesions (moniliform blepharosis) associated with other systemic manifestations. Diagnosis was confirmed by performing skin biopsy. Artificial tears were prescribed, with partial relief of the symptom. The objective of the present study is to describe a typical case of Urbach-Wiethe syndrome attended at the Ophthalmologic Sector of the Medical School of Marília.

Literature Analysis of 2 Cases of Cross Allergic Reaction between Carbopenem and Penicillin / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the characteristics and regularity of cross allergic reaction between carbopenems and penicillin.METHODS:2 cases about cross allergic reaction between ertapenem and penicillin were reported,716 cases of cross allergic reaction between carbopenems and penicillin in 9 literatures were collected from databases from Jan.1986 to Jan.2010 and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The incidence of allergic reactions caused by carbopenems in patients with allergic history were higher than that in patients without allergic history.Allergic reaction mostly occurred within 15 min～49 d.Sound therapeutic efficacy can be achieved because of immediate withdrawal of drug and anti-allergy treatment,patients were with good prognosis.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to monitoring of cross allergic reaction between carbopenems and penicillin and rational use of drugs.