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1.
PhytoKeys ; 242: 307-316, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38903848

RESUMO

Recent exploratory field expeditions to the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes resulted in the discovery of a new species of Amalophyllon (Gesneriaceae). Amalophyllonmiraculum J.L.Clark, sp. nov. is described from two localities in the Centinela region in the Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province. The new species is differentiated from congeners by the pendent habit, basal rosette of leaves, leaf blades with deeply serrate margins, and miniature size. Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status is assigned as Critically Endangered (CR).


ResumenRecientes expediciones exploratorias de campo a las laderas occidentales de los Andes ecuatorianos dieron como resultado el descubrimiento de una nueva especie de Amalophyllon (Gesneriaceae). Amalophyllonmiraculum J.L.Clark, sp. nov. se describe de dos localidades de la región de Centinela en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. La nueva especie se diferencia de otros congéneres por el hábito colgante, la roseta basal de las hojas, las láminas foliares con márgenes profundamente aserrados y su tamaño en miniatura. Según las directrices de la UICN, se le asigna el estado de conservación preliminar de En Peligro Crítico (CR).

2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 84(2): 279-288, jun. 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564783

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction : Although therapeutic advances have improved results of cutaneous melanoma (CM), senti nel node-positive patients still have substantial risk to develop recurrent disease. We aim to investigate prog nostic indicators associated with disease recurrence in positive-sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) patients in a Latin-American population. Methods : Retrospective analysis of CM patients and positive-SLNB (2010-2020). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (completion lymph node dissection, CLND), Group B (active surveillance, AS). Association of demographics, tumor data and SLN features with recurrence-free (RFS), distant metastases-free (DMFS) and melanoma specific (MSS) survival was analyzed. Results : Of 205 patients, 45 had a positive SLNB; 27(60%) belonged to Group A and 18(40%) to Group B. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 16 patients (12 in Group A and 4 in Group B) developed recurrent dis ease and estimated 5-yr RFS at any site was 60% (CI95%, 0.39 - 0.77) (44.5% in CLND group vs. 22% in AS group; P = 0.20). Estimated 5-yr DMFS and MSS: 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) and 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) with no differ ences between groups (p = 0.41 and 0.37, respectively). Independent predictors of poorer MSS were extranodal extension (ENE) and MaxSize > 2 mm of melanoma deposit in SLN. Factors independently associated with DMFS: Breslow depth > 2 mm, ENE, number (≥ 2) of posi tive SN and CLND status. Conclusion : Primary tumor and SN features in mela noma provide important prognostic information that help optimize prognosis and clinical management. AS is now the preferred approach for most positive-SLNB CM patients.


Resumen Introducción : Si bien los avances terapéuticos han permitido mejorar los resultados del melanoma cutáneo (MC), los pacientes con ganglio centinela positivo (BGCP) aún tienen riesgo elevado de desarrollar recurrencia de la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar in dicadores pronósticos asociados a dicho evento en una población latinoamericana. Métodos : Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con MC y BGCP entre 2010-2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: Grupo A (linfadenectomía terapéutica) y Grupo B (Vigilancia activa, VA). Se analizaron datos demográficos, tumorales y características del GC junto con sobrevida-libre de recurrencia (SLR), libre de metástasis a distancia (SLMD) y específica de melanoma (SEM). Resultados : De 205 pacientes, 45 presentaron BGCP; 27 (60%) perteneció al Grupo A y 18 (40%) al Grupo B. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 36 meses, 16 pa cientes (12 en Grupo A y 4 en Grupo B) desarrollaron enfermedad recurrente con una SLR a 5 años de 60% (IC95%: 0.39-0.77) (44.5% en Grupo B vs. 22% en Grupo A; P = 0.20). Las SLMD y SEM estimadas a 5 años fueron de 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) y 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) sin diferencias entre ambos grupos (p = 0.41 y 0.37, respec tivamente). Los predictores independientes de peor SEM fueron: extensión extranodal (ENE) y MaxSize > 2mm de depósito tumoral en GC. Los factores asociados de forma independiente con SLMD fueron Breslow >2mm, ENE, número (≥ 2) de GC positivos y el status (positividad) de la linfadenectomía. Conclusión : Características del tumor primario y del GC brindan información importante que ayuda a optimi zar el pronóstico y manejo clínico de los pacientes con MC. La VA es actualmente el abordaje de elección para la mayoría de los pacientes con BGCP.

3.
San Salvador; MINSAL; jun. 20, 2024. 33 p. ilus, graf.
Não convencional em Espanhol | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1561687

RESUMO

El presente documento comprende los lineamientos técnicos, para su aplicación en los establecimientos donde funcionan las clínicas Vigilancia Centinela de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (VICITS), dando cumplimiento al Plan Estratégico Nacional Multisectorial de VIH e ITS 2022-2027, en el eje estratégico 2: "Continuo de la Prevención y Atención; componente 2.1 prevención para reducir la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo de VIH e ITS en poblaciones clave, en poblaciones vulnerables y la población en general.


This document includes the technical guidelines, for its application in the establishments where the Sentinel Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (VICITS) clinics operate, in compliance with the National Multisector Strategic Plan for HIV and STIs 2022-2027, in strategic axis 2 : "Continuum of Prevention and Care; component 2.1 prevention to reduce the vulnerability and risk of HIV and STIs in key populations, vulnerable populations and the population in general


Assuntos
Populações Vulneráveis , El Salvador , Monitoramento Epidemiológico
4.
Conserv Biol ; : e14287, 2024 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38745504

RESUMO

In a warming Arctic, circumpolar long-term monitoring programs are key to advancing ecological knowledge and informing environmental policies. Calls for better involvement of Arctic peoples in all stages of the monitoring process are widespread, although such transformation of Arctic science is still in its infancy. Seabirds stand out as ecological sentinels of environmental changes, and priority has been given to implement the Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan (CSMP). We assessed the representativeness of a pan-Arctic seabird monitoring network focused on the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) by comparing the distribution of environmental variables for all known versus monitored colonies. We found that with respect to its spatiotemporal coverage, this monitoring network does not fully embrace current and future environmental gradients. To improve the current scheme, we designed a method to identify colonies whose inclusion in the monitoring network will improve its ecological representativeness, limit logistical constraints, and improve involvement of Arctic peoples. We thereby highlight that inclusion of study sites in the Bering Sea, Siberia, western Russia, northern Norway, and southeastern Greenland could improve the current monitoring network and that their proximity to local populations might allow increased involvement of local communities. Our framework can be applied to improve existing monitoring networks in other ecoregions and sociological contexts.


Una red de monitoreo participativa y ecológica para las aves marinas del Ártico Resumen En un Ártico cada vez más cálido, los programas circumpolares de monitoreo a largo plazo son importantes para potenciar el conocimiento ecológico e informar las políticas ambientales. Existe un llamado generalizado para involucrar de mejor manera a los pueblos árticos en el proceso de monitoreo, aunque dicha transformación de la ciencia ártica todavía está en desarrollo. Las aves marinas resaltan como centinelas del cambio ambiental y se ha priorizado implementar el Plan Circumpolar de Monitoreo de Aves Marinas (CSMP). Comparamos la distribución de las variables ambientales de todas las colonias conocidas de la gaviota tridáctila (Rissa tridactyla) contra las colonias monitoreadas para evaluar la representación de una red pan­ártica de monitoreo enfocada en esta especie. Encontramos que esta red de monitoreo no considera del todo los gradientes ambientales actuales y futuros con respecto a la cobertura espaciotemporal. Para mejorar el esquema actual, diseñamos un método para identificar las colonias cuya inclusión en la red de monitoreo mejorará su representación ecológica, limitará las restricciones logísticas e incrementará la participación de los pueblos árticos. Por lo tanto, resaltamos que la inclusión de los sitios de estudio en el Mar de Bering, Siberia, Rusia occidental, el norte de Noruega y el sureste de Groenlandia mejorarían la red actual de monitoreo. También destacamos que la proximidad de los sitios de estudio con las poblaciones locales podría permitir una mayor participación de estas. Nuestro marco puede aplicarse para mejorar las redes de monitoreo existentes en otros contextos socioecológicos y ecoregiones.

5.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(2): 79-83, Mar-Abr. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231816

RESUMO

Introducción: La SPECT portátil puede ser una técnica de imagen útil para la planificación preoperatoria de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) ya que permite la localización del ganglio centinela (GC) mediante imágenes tomográficas en 3D y en tiempo real y determina su profundidad, después de unos minutos de exploración. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre el número de GC detectados entre las imágenes de la SPECT portátil y la linfogammagrafía (LG). Materiales y métodos: Cien pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama infiltrante y sin evidencia clínica de afectación ganglionar, se sometieron prospectivamente a una BSGC. El estudio preoperatorio incluyó imágenes de SPECT portátil a los 15 min tras la inyección y de LG a los 25 y 60-90 min (precoz y tardía). Se analizó el acuerdo observado y se realizó un estudio de concordancia entre el número de GC detectados con SPECT portátil y LG. Resultados: El acuerdo observado en la detección de GC entre SPECT portátil y LG precoz fue del 72%; entre SPECT portátil y LG tardía del 85%, y entre la LG precoz y la tardía de un 87%. En el estudio de concordancia se registró una concordancia moderada entre la SPECT portátil y la LG precoz (coeficiente kappa: 0,42); una concordancia moderada-alta entre la SPECT portátil y la LG tardía (coeficiente kappa: 0,60), y una concordancia de moderada-alta entre la LG precoz y la tardía (coeficiente kappa: 0,70), sin diferencias significativas entre ellos (valor p=0,16). Conclusión: La SPECT portátil presentó una concordancia moderada-alta con los estudios de imagen convencional y podría ser una alternativa válida para el estudio prequirúrgico de la BSGC en el cáncer de mama.(AU)


Introduction: Freehand SPECT can be a useful imaging technique for preoperative planning of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as it allows localization of the sentinel node by 3D and real-time tomographic imaging and determines its depth after a few minutes of scanning. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the number of detected SNs between freehand SPECT images and lymphoscintigraphy (LS). Materials and methods: One hundred patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and no clinical evidence of lymph node involvement prospectively underwent SLNB. The preoperative study included freehand SPECT imaging at 15min after injection and LS imaging at 25 and 60–90min after injection (early and late). The observed agreement was analyzed and a concordance study was performed between the number of SNs detected with freehand SPECT and LS. Results: The observed agreement in the detection of SNs between freehand SPECT and early LS was 72%; between freehand SPECT and late LS was 85%; and between early and late LS was 87%. In the concordance study, there was moderate concordance between freehand SPECT and early LS (kappa coefficient: 0.42); moderate-high concordance between freehand SPECT and late LS (kappa coefficient: 0.60); and moderate-high concordance between early and late LS (kappa coefficient: 0.70), with no significant differences between them (p-value=0.16). Conclusion: Freehand SPECT showed a moderate-high concordance with conventional imaging studies and could be a valid alternative for the presurgical study of SLNB in breast cancer.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Cintilografia , Linfonodo Sentinela/diagnóstico por imagem , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Linfocintigrafia , Medicina Nuclear , Imagem Molecular
6.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(2): 91-99, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231818

RESUMO

IntroducciónAnte el aumento constante de la demanda asistencial de exploraciones relacionadas con cirugía radioguiada (CRG), nuestro hospital adoptó incluir en el equipo de CRG nuevos perfiles profesionales con el fin de reducir parcialmente el tiempo de dedicación de los médicos nucleares a esta tarea.Objetivos: Analizar el proceso de incorporación de los perfiles de Técnico Superior en Imagen para el Diagnóstico (TSID) y Enfermera Referente de Ganglio Centinela (ERGC), evaluando su despliegue en los procedimientos ligados a la técnica. Material y métodos: Análisis de la actividad de CRG durante el periodo 2018-2022, centrándolo en los procedimientos prequirúrgicos y quirúrgicos relativos a cáncer de mama (CaM) y melanoma maligno (MM), por ser aquellas patologías en las que se concentró la transferencia de competencias asistenciales. Evolución cronológica de las competencias asumidas por los diferentes perfiles durante su integración en el equipo de CRG. Resultados: La actividad asistencial de CRG durante el periodo analizado experimentó un incremento del 109%. CaM y MM son las patologías que aglutinaron con diferencia una mayor demanda asistencial. La transferencia de competencias en estas dos patologías se ha producido de manera progresiva, asumiendo en 2022 el 74% (460/622) de la fase de administración el ERGC y el 64% (333/519) de las cirugías el TSID. Conclusiones: La creación de un equipo multidisciplinar de CRG, que incluye distintos perfiles profesionales (MN, ERGC y TSID), es una eficaz estrategia para dar respuesta al incremento de la complejidad y número de todos los procedimientos relacionados con la CRG.(AU)


Introduction: Given the constant increase in the healthcare demand for examinations related to radio-guided surgery (RGS), our hospital adopted new professional profiles in the RGS team, in order to partially reduce the time spent by nuclear medicine physicians on this task. Aim: To analyze the process of incorporating the profiles of Superior Diagnostic Imaging Technician (TSID) and Sentinel Node Referent Nurse (ERGC), evaluating their deployment in the procedures linked to the technique. Material and methods: Analysis of RGS activity during the period 2018-2022, focusing on pre-surgical and surgical procedures related to breast cancer (BC) and malignant melanoma (MM), as they are those pathologies on which the transfer of care competencies was concentrated. Chronological evolution of the competencies assumed by the different profiles during their integration into the RGS team. Results: RGS's healthcare activity during the analyzed period experienced an increase of 109%. BC and MM were the pathologies that accounted for by far the greatest demand for care. The transfer of competencies in these two pathologies occurred in a progressive and staggered manner, with 74% (460/622) of the administration phase being carried out by the ERGC and 64% (333/519) of the surgeries by the TSID in 2022. Conclusions: The creation of a multidisciplinary RGS team that includes different professional profiles (NM, ERGC and TSID) is an effective strategy to respond to the increase in the complexity and number of all procedures related to RGS.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Linfocintigrafia , Linfonodo Sentinela/diagnóstico por imagem , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Medicina Nuclear , Imagem Molecular , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 102(4): 220-224, Abr. 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232158

RESUMO

This article provides a brief account of the recent evolution of the highly controversial surgical management of the positive axilla in patients with breast cancer, an issue still open to disparate surgical procedures. This short review highlights the reports that supply the rationale for current trends in reducing the aggressiveness of this surgery and discusses the course of the trials still in progress pointing in the same direction, thus supporting the principle of not performing axillary lymph node dissection for staging purposes alone.(AU)


Este artículo es un breve resumen de la reciente evolución del controvertido tratamiento quirúrgico de la axila en pacientes con cáncer de mama, que sigue estando abierto a procedimientos quirúrgicos demasiado dispares. Esta corta revisión destaca las publicaciones que constituyen la base lógica de las tendencias actuales hacia la reducción de la agresividad quirúrgica y recalca los ensayos clínicos aún en progreso apuntando en esta misma dirección, apoyando así el principio de evitar la linfadenectomía axilar solo por razones de estadiaje.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Axila/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Excisão de Linfonodo , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Terapia Neoadjuvante
8.
Actas Dermosifiliogr ; 115(7): 663-669, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38452890

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of melanoma is rising in Spain. The prognostic stages of patients with melanoma are determined by various biological factors, such as tumor thickness, ulceration, or the presence of regional or distant metastases. The Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) has encouraged the creation of a Spanish Melanoma Registry (REGESMEL) to evaluate other individual and health system-related factors that may impact the prognosis of patients with melanoma. The aim of this article is to introduce REGESMEL and provide basic descriptive data for its first year of operation. METHODS: REGESMEL is a prospective, multicentre cohort of consecutive patients with invasive cutaneous melanoma that collects demographic and staging data as well as individual and healthcare-related baseline data. It also records the medical and surgical treatment received by patients. RESULTS: A total of 450 cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma from 19 participant centres were included, with a predominance of thin melanomas≤1mm thick (54.7%), mainly located on the posterior trunk (35.2%). Selective sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 40.7% of cases. Most cases of melanoma were suspected by the patient (30.4%), or his/her dermatologist (29.6%). Patients received care mainly in public health centers (85.2%), with tele-dermatology resources being used in 21.6% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the pathological and demographic variables of melanoma cases is consistent with data from former studies. REGESMEL has already recruited patients from 15 Spanish provinces and given its potential representativeness, it renders the Registry as an important tool to address a wide range of research questions.


Assuntos
Dermatologia , Melanoma , Sistema de Registros , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Melanoma/cirurgia , Melanoma/patologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Masculino , Dermatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Venereologia , Academias e Institutos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estadiamento de Neoplasias
9.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38387785

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Given the constant increase in the healthcare demand for examinations related to radio-guided surgery (RGS), our hospital adopted new professional profiles in the RGS team, in order to partially reduce the time spent by nuclear medicine physicians on this task. AIM: To analyze the process of incorporating the profiles of Diagnostic Imaging Technician (DIT) and Sentinel Node Referent Nurse (SNRN), evaluating their deployment in the procedures linked to the technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of RGS activity during the period 2018-2022, focusing on pre-surgical and surgical procedures related to breast cancer (BC) and malignant melanoma (MM), as they are those pathologies on which the transfer of care competencies was concentrated. Chronological evolution of the competencies assumed by the different profiles during their integration into the RGS team. RESULTS: RGS's healthcare activity during the analyzed period experienced an increase of 109%. BC and MM were the pathologies that accounted for by far the greatest demand for care. The transfer of competencies in these two pathologies occurred in a progressive and staggered manner, with 74% (460/622) of the administration phase being carried out by the SNRN and 64% (333/519) of the surgeries by the DIT in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of a multidisciplinary RGS team that includes different professional profiles (nuclear medicine physician [MN], ERGC and TSID) is an effective strategy to respond to the increase in the complexity and number of all procedures related to RGS.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Melanoma , Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Humanos , Feminino , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Linfonodo Sentinela/patologia , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia
10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38387784

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Freehand SPECT can be a useful imaging technique for preoperative planning of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as it allows localization of the sentinel node by 3D and real-time tomographic imaging and determines its depth after a few minutes of scanning. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the number of detected SNs between freehand SPECT images and lymphoscintigraphy (LS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and no clinical evidence of lymph node involvement prospectively underwent SLNB. The preoperative study included freehand SPECT imaging at 15min after injection and LS imaging at 25 and 60-90min after injection (early and late). The observed agreement was analyzed and a concordance study was performed between the number of SNs detected with freehand SPECT and LS. RESULTS: The observed agreement in the detection of SNs between freehand SPECT and early LS was 72%; between freehand SPECT and late LS was 85%; and between early and late LS was 87%. In the concordance study, there was moderate concordance between freehand SPECT and early LS (kappa coefficient: 0.42); moderate-high concordance between freehand SPECT and late LS (kappa coefficient: 0.60); and moderate-high concordance between early and late LS (kappa coefficient: 0.70), with no significant differences between them (p-value=0.16). CONCLUSION: Freehand SPECT showed a moderate-high concordance with conventional imaging studies and could be a valid alternative for the presurgical study of SLNB in breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Linfonodo Sentinela , Humanos , Feminino , Linfonodo Sentinela/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodo Sentinela/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Linfonodos/patologia
11.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(1): 39-54, ene.- fev. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229453

RESUMO

Desde sus inicios, la medicina nuclear se ha enfrentado a cambios tecnológicos que la han obligado a modificar sus modos operativos y a adecuar sus protocolos. En el campo de la cirugía radioguiada (CRG), la incorporación de la imagen gammagráfica preoperatoria y la detección intraoperatoria con la sonda gamma proporcionó un impulso definitivo a la biopsia del ganglio centinela (GC) para convertirse en el procedimiento estándar de aplicación en el melanoma y el cáncer de mama. Las diversas innovaciones tecnológicas y la adaptación consiguiente de protocolos confluyen en lo disruptivo y lo gradual. Como ejemplos evidentes tenemos la introducción de la tomografía por emisión de fotón único/tomografía computarizada (SPECT/TC) en el campo preoperatorio y las sondas Drop-in (Lightpoint Medical Ltd; Crystal photonics, Eurorad) en el intraoperatorio. Otros aspectos innovadores con posible aplicación en la CRG se basan en la utilización de la inteligencia artificial (IA), navegación y teleasistencia (AU)


Since its origins, nuclear medicine has faced technological changes that led to modifying operating modes and adapting protocols. In the field of radioguided surgery, the incorporation of preoperative scintigraphic imaging and intraoperative detection with the gamma probe provided a definitive boost to sentinel lymph node biopsy to become a standard procedure for melanoma and breast cancer. The various technological innovations and consequent adaptation of protocols come together in the coexistence of the disruptive and the gradual. As obvious examples we have the introduction of SPECT/CT in the preoperative field and Drop-in probes in the intraoperative field. Other innovative aspects with possible application in radio-guided surgery are based on the application of artificial intelligence, navigation and telecare (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Inteligência Artificial , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente
12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37963516

RESUMO

Since its origins, nuclear medicine has faced technological changes that led to modifying operating modes and adapting protocols. In the field of radioguided surgery, the incorporation of preoperative scintigraphic imaging and intraoperative detection with the gamma probe provided a definitive boost to sentinel lymph node biopsy to become a standard procedure for melanoma and breast cancer. The various technological innovations and consequent adaptation of protocols come together in the coexistence of the disruptive and the gradual. As obvious examples we have the introduction of SPECT/CT in the preoperative field and Drop-in probes in the intraoperative field. Other innovative aspects with possible application in radio-guided surgery are based on the application of artificial intelligence, navigation and telecare.


Assuntos
Melanoma , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada com Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos
13.
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) ; 102(4): 220-224, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37956715

RESUMO

This article provides a brief account of the recent evolution of the highly controversial surgical management of the positive axilla in patients with breast cancer, an issue still open to disparate surgical procedures. This short review highlights the reports that supply the rationale for current trends in reducing the aggressiveness of this surgery and discusses the course of the trials still in progress pointing in the same direction, thus supporting the principle of not performing axillary lymph node dissection for staging purposes alone.

14.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 40(2)2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560257

RESUMO

Introducción: el cáncer de cuello (CC) uterino representa un problema de salud pública. En Uruguay ocupa el tercer lugar en incidencia en mujeres, provocando 133 fallecimientos anuales. La afectación ganglionar es uno de sus principales factores pronósticos y condiciona el tratamiento. El ganglio centinela (GC) en estadios precoces de cáncer cervicouterino es una técnica segura que permite una adecuada estadificación y reduce la morbilidad asociada a la linfadenectomía convencional. Objetivo: validar la utilización de la técnica de la biopsia GC en estadios precoces de CC como estándar de tratamiento para la detección de metástasis ganglionares en el Hospital de la Mujer. Material y método: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, de casos. Se incluyó a 30 usuarias con CC en estadios iniciales, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2018 y noviembre de 2022. La marcación se realizó con tecnecio 99m (99mTc). En el mismo acto quirúrgico se realizó la linfadenectomía pélvica sistemática. Resultados: se detectó GC de forma bilateral en 29 de 30 pacientes. Con una tasa de detección por región de 98,3%. En cinco pacientes se detectaron GC metastásicos, no encontrando ganglios no centinela positivos. Una de ellas correspondió a una micrometástasis detectada por ultraestadificación. La sensibilidad fue de 100%: IC95% (56,55 -100) con VPN 100% IC95% (86,68 - 100). Conclusiones: de acuerdo con los resultados arrojados por el estudio, el equipo interdisciplinario del Hospital de la Mujer está en condiciones de utilizar la biopsia de GC de cérvix como estándar de tratamiento en el CC uterino en estadio precoz.


Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is a public health problem. In Uruguay, it ranks third in incidence in women, causing 133 deaths annually. Lymph node involvement is one of its main prognostic factors and determines treatment. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) in early stages of cervical cancer is a safe technique that allows for adequate staging and reduces morbidity associated with conventional lymphadenectomy. Objective: To validate the use of the SLN biopsy technique in early stages of CC as the standard treatment for detecting lymph node metastases at the Women's Hospital. Method: A prospective, longitudinal case study was conducted. Thirty patients with early-stage cervical cancer between January 2018 and November 2022 were included in the study. The marking was done with Tc99. Systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in the same surgical procedure. Results: Sentinel lymph nodes were detected bilaterally in 29 out of 30 patients. With a detection rate per region of 98.3%, metastatic SLNs were detected in 5 patients, with no positive non-sentinel nodes found. One of them corresponded to a micrometastasis detected by ultra-staging. Sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 56.55,100) with a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 86.68, 100). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the interdisciplinary team at the Women's Hospital is in a position to use cervical SLN biopsy as the standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer.


Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero (CCU) representa um problema de saúde pública. No Uruguai, ocupa o terceiro lugar em incidência em mulheres, causando 133 mortes por ano. O acometimento dos linfonodos é um dos principais fatores prognósticos e condiciona o tratamento. O linfonodo sentinela (LS) em estágios iniciais do câncer do colo do útero é uma técnica segura que permite o estadiamento adequado e reduz a morbidade associada à linfadenectomia convencional. Objetivo: Validar o uso da técnica de biópsia por LS em estágios iniciais do CCU como tratamento padrão para a detecção de metástases linfonodais no Hospital da Mulher. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de caso prospectivo e longitudinal. Trinta usuárias com LS em estágio inicial foram incluídas no período de janeiro de 2018 a novembro de 2022. A marcação foi realizada com Tc99. A linfadenectomia pélvica sistemática foi realizada no mesmo ato cirúrgico. Resultados: O LS foi detectado bilateralmente em 29 das 30 usuárias, com uma taxa de detecção por região de 98,3%. Em 5 pacientes foram detectados LS metastáticos e não foram encontrados nódulos não-sentinela positivos. 1 deles correspondia a uma micrometástase detectada por ultrassonografia. A sensibilidade foi de 100% CI 95% (56,55,100) com NPV 100% CI 95% (86,68, 100). Conclusões: Com base nos resultados do estudo, a equipe interdisciplinar do Hospital da Mulher está em condições de usar a biópsia de LS cervical como padrão de tratamento no câncer cervical em estágio inicial.

15.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 92(4): 145-152, ene. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557868

RESUMO

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y patológicas y los resultados obtenidos con la técnica de ganglio centinela con azul patente en la cirugía de cáncer de mama temprano. Además, reportar la experiencia en la identificación del ganglio centinela en cáncer de mama temprano con la técnica con azul patente al 2.5%. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y analítico consistente en la evaluación de los expedientes clínicos de pacientes diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama temprano, sin sospecha clínica o radiológica de afectación axilar, atendidas entre junio de 2022 y junio de 2023 en el servicio de Ginecología Oncológica de la UMAE Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente del IMSS. El sitio de inyección del colorante fue subdérmico periareolar, los ganglios identificados se estudiaron en el transoperatorio. Se analizaron el porcentaje de identificación, las tasas de falsos negativos y el valor predictivo negativo del método. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 95 procedimientos de biopsia de ganglio centinela. Solo se practicó la linfadenectomía axilar en las pacientes con metástasis en el ganglio centinela comprobada en el estudio transoperatorio y en las que no se identificaron ganglios teñidos por no migración del colorante. La edad promedio de las pacientes fue de 57.1 años límites 25 y 78 años. El tamaño del tumor fue menor a 3 cm. A 64 67% pacientes se les hizo la mastectomía en comparación con 31 a quienes se efectuó cirugía conservadora de mama 33%. Se estadificaron como IA 57 de las 95 pacientes; el subtipo molecular más frecuente fue compatible con luminal A en 49%. CONCLUSIONES: La biopsia del ganglio centinela, con azul patente, es una técnica rápida, sencilla, precisa y de bajo costo para identificar daño axilar en etapas tempranas del cáncer de mama. Lo aquí reportado son resultados que corresponden a una primera evaluación de la técnica en nuestro servicio.


Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and pathological characteristics and results of the patent blue sentinel lymph node technique in early breast cancer surgery. And to report the experience in identifying the sentinel lymph node in early breast cancer using the 2.5% patent blue technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and analytical study consisting of the evaluation of the clinical records of patients diagnosed with early breast cancer, without clinical or radiological suspicion of axillary involvement, seen between June 2022 and June 2023 at the Oncological Gynaecology Service of the UMAE Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente of the IMSS. The dye injection site was subdermal periareolar, and the identified lumps were examined in the transoperative period. The percentage of identification, false negative rates and negative predictive value of the method were analysed. RESULTS: Ninety-five sentinel node biopsies were analysed. Axillary lymphadenectomy was performed only in patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis confirmed at surgery and in those in whom no stained nodes were identified due to non-migration of the dye. The mean age of the patients was 57.1 years range 25 to 78 years. The tumour size was less than 3 cm. Sixty-four patients 67% underwent mastectomy, compared with 31 who underwent breast-conserving surgery 33%. Fifty-seven of the 95 patients were staged as AI; the most common molecular subtype was compatible with luminal A in 49%. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy with patent blue is a rapid, simple, accurate and inexpensive technique for identifying axillary disease in early breast cancer. The results reported here represent an initial evaluation of the technique in our service.

16.
Rev. esp. patol ; 56(4): 252-260, Oct-Dic, 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226958

RESUMO

Since sentinel lymph node examination became routine, findings of benign ectopic breast tissue in lymph nodes have increased. We report images of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in four lymph nodes in a 76-year-old woman with bilateral breast carcinoma. The right lumpectomy showed intermixed invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma, plus DCIS. 19 nodes were isolated in the axillary lymphadenectomy, 4 of which displayed solid and cribriform DCIS. Myosin and p63 immunohistochemical techniques were positive, suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of “metastatic DCIS”. A further three cases of DCIS in lymph nodes have been previously reported, all with a distinct layer of myoepithelial cells with actin, myosin or p63. Biologically, these images of DCIS in lymph nodes are not credible and three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings: Iatrogenic Mechanical Transport, Revertant DCIS, and primary DCIS of lymph nodes. We consider the first one the most plausible explanation. Our case is unique as several, rare findings are simultaneously observed. More new cases, together with additional immunohistochemical techniques and molecular testing on previous cases, are needed to find a definitive explanation of this histologic finding.(AU)


A partir del uso rutinario del examen del ganglio centinela, los hallazgos de tejido mamario ectópico son frecuentes. Presentamos los hallazgos de carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) en 4 ganglios linfáticos en una mujer de 76 años con carcinoma de mama bilateral. La lumpectomía derecha mostró una mezcla de patrones de carcinomas ductal y lobular infiltrante, además de CDIS. De los 19 ganglios aislados, 4 mostraron patrones cribiformes y sólidos de CDIS. La miosina y la p63 fueron positivas, sugiriendo un diagnóstico erróneo de «CDIS metastático». En la literatura se han comunicado 3 casos adicionales de patrones de CDIS en ganglios linfáticos, mostrando capa periférica de células mioepiteliales positivas para actina, miosina o p63. Desde un punto de vista biológico, estos hallazgos de CDIS en ganglios linfáticos son discutibles, proponiéndose 3 hipótesis para explicarlo: transporte mecánico yatrogénico, CDIS revertido y CDIS primario de ganglio linfático. Creemos que la primera alternativa es la más plausible. Nuestro caso es único al mostrar, de modo conjunto, diversos hallazgos infrecuentes. El estudio de nuevos casos, así como la aplicación de técnicas inmunohistoquímicas y moleculares a casos de archivo, arrojarían datos que permitirían llegar a una explicación definitiva de este hallazgo histológico.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Linfonodos , Metástase Neoplásica , Linfonodo Sentinela , Coristoma , Carcinoma Lobular , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Carcinoma , Neoplasias da Mama , Imuno-Histoquímica
17.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 42(6): 374-379, nov.- dec. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-227101

RESUMO

Objetivo Evaluar mediante linfogammagrafía in vivo y con detección SPECT/TC los patrones de drenaje linfático de los tumores del seno paranasal (SPN). Confirmar o rebatir la creencia de que el ganglio linfático retrofaríngeo (GLRF) se erige en el ganglio de drenaje índice para dichos tumores. Métodos Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado en pacientes con tumores del SPN no tratados previamente y sin evidencia clínico-radiológica de metástasis a nivel ganglionar. La linfogammagrafía se realizó mediante la inyección peritumoral de sulfuro coloidal marcado con [99m]TcO4 y asistida por endoscopia nasal. Las inyecciones se clasificaron como anteriores o posteriores en función de una línea vertical que pasaba por el orificio del seno maxilar. Resultados Se incluyeron 17 pacientes. La linfogammagrafía identificó satisfactoriamente 17 ganglios centinelas en 15 pacientes, y no pudo evidenciarlo (fracaso de la linfogammagrafía) en 2 pacientes. Se observó que los lugares predominantes de drenaje del ganglio centinela fueron el GLRF (n=8; 47%) y el nivel I (n=7; 42%). Se identificó drenaje ocasional en el ganglio periparotídeo (n=1) y en el nivel II (n=1). Se observó drenaje linfático contralateral en 2 pacientes (en el nivel I y GLRF, respectivamente). Las inyecciones anteriores drenaron predominantemente hacia el nivel I (6/8) y a GLRF (2/8), mientras que las inyecciones posteriores drenaron predominantemente a GLRF (6/7). El riesgo relativo de que el GLRF fuera identificado como ganglio centinela fue significativamente mayor en las inyecciones administradas posteriormente respecto a las administradas anteriormente (RR: 3,43; IC 95%: 1,0-11,8; p=0,05). Conclusión El GLRF es considerado un ganglio de drenaje frecuente asociado a los tumores del seno nasal, y merece su atención rutinaria en todos los casos de tumor del seno nasal (AU)


Objective To evaluate by in vivo lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT-CT imaging, the lymphatic drainage patterns of para-nasal sinus (PNS) tumours. To confirm or refute the belief of the retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) being the significant draining lymph node for such tumours. Methods Prospective cohort study conducted on previously untreated PNS tumours with no clinico-radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis. Lymphoscintigraphy undertaken by nasal endoscopic assisted peritumoral injection of 99mTc sulphur colloid. Injections were classified as anterior or posterior as per a vertical line along the maxillary sinus ostium. Results Seventeen patients were included. Lymphoscintigraphy successfully identified 17 sentinel nodes in 15 patients and was unsuccessful (lymphoscintigraphy failure) in 2 patients. Predominant sites of sentinel lymphatic drainage were noted to be the RPLN (n=8; 47%) and level I (n=7; 42%). Occasional drainage was identified at the peri-parotid node (n=1) and at level II (n=1). Contralateral drainage was noted in 2 patients (level I-1 and RPLN-1). Anterior injections drained predominantly to level I (6/8) and RPLN (2/8), while posterior injections drained predominantly to the RPLN (6/7). The relative risk of RPLN being identified as the sentinel node was significantly higher for posteriorly placed injections than for anteriorly placed injections (RR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.0-11.8; P=.05). Conclusion The RPLN is noted as a frequent draining node for sino-nasal tumours and merits routine attention in all sino-nasal tumours. The radio-colloid SPECT-CT technique described here offers an excellent in vivo technique to further explore and validate the lymphatic drainage pathways of these tumours (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Linfocintigrafia/métodos , Neoplasias Nasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodo Sentinela/diagnóstico por imagem , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes
18.
Rev Esp Patol ; 56(4): 252-260, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37879822

RESUMO

Since sentinel lymph node examination became routine, findings of benign ectopic breast tissue in lymph nodes have increased. We report images of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in four lymph nodes in a 76-year-old woman with bilateral breast carcinoma. The right lumpectomy showed intermixed invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma, plus DCIS. 19 nodes were isolated in the axillary lymphadenectomy, 4 of which displayed solid and cribriform DCIS. Myosin and p63 immunohistochemical techniques were positive, suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of "metastatic DCIS". A further three cases of DCIS in lymph nodes have been previously reported, all with a distinct layer of myoepithelial cells with actin, myosin or p63. Biologically, these images of DCIS in lymph nodes are not credible and three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings: Iatrogenic Mechanical Transport, Revertant DCIS, and primary DCIS of lymph nodes. We consider the first one the most plausible explanation. Our case is unique as several, rare findings are simultaneously observed. More new cases, together with additional immunohistochemical techniques and molecular testing on previous cases, are needed to find a definitive explanation of this histologic finding.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Miosinas
19.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 42(5): 343-351, sept.- oct. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225096

RESUMO

La medicina nuclear ha contribuido significativamente en la cirugía de precisión en el cáncer de mama en las últimas décadas. La cirugía radioguiada (CRG) ha permitido la biopsia del ganglio centinela (GC) en la evaluación de la infiltración ganglionar regional modificando el manejo de pacientes con cáncer de mama precoz. Para la axila, el procedimiento de la biopsia del GC ha significado un decremento de complicaciones y una mejor calidad de vida en comparación con la disección de los ganglios linfáticos axilares. Originalmente, la biopsia del GC se indicó principalmente en tumores cT1-2, sin evidencia de metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos axilares. Sin embargo, en los últimos años la biopsia del GC también se está ofreciendo a pacientes con tumores grandes o multifocales, carcinoma ductal in situ, recidiva del cáncer de mama ipsilateral y a pacientes que reciben tratamiento sistémico neoadyuvante (TSN) para cirugía conservadora de mama. Paralelamente a esta evolución, varias asociaciones científicas están tratando de homogeneizar cuestiones como la elección del radiotrazador, el lugar de inyección de la mama, la estandarización de las imágenes preoperatorias y el momento de la biopsia del GC en relación con el TSN, así como el manejo de las metástasis no axilares del GC (p. ej., cadena mamaria interna). Además, la CRG se usa actualmente para lograr la extirpación de tumores de mama primarios mediante inyección intralesional de radiocoloides o mediante implantación de semillas de yodo radiactivo que también se emplean para marcar los ganglios linfáticos axilares metastásicos. Este último procedimiento contribuye a manejar la axila con ganglios positivos en combinación con la PET/TC con [18F]FDG en un esfuerzo por adaptar el tratamiento sistémico y locorregional (AU)


Nuclear medicine has significantly contributed to precision surgery in breast cancer in the past decades. Radioguided surgery (RGS) has enabled sentinel node (SN) biopsy in assessing regional nodal involvement modifying the management of patients with early breast cancer. For the axilla the SN procedure has resulted in fewer complications and better quality of life when compared with axillary lymph node dissection. Originally, SN biopsy principally concerned cT1-2 tumors without evidence of axillary lymph node metastases. However, in last years SN biopsy is also being offered to patients with large or multifocal tumors, ductal carcinoma in situ, ipsilateral breast cancer relapse, and to patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) for breast sparing surgery. Parallel to this evolution various scientific associations are trying to homogenise issues such as radiotracer choice, breast injection site, preoperative imaging standardisation and SN biopsy timing in relation to NST as well as management of non-axillary SN metastasis (e.g. internal mammary chain). Additionally, RGS is currently used to accomplish primary breast tumour excision either by intralesional radiocolloid injection or by radioactive iodine seed implantation which is also employed to target metastatic axillary lymph nodes. This latter procedure contributes to manage the node-positive axilla in combination with 18F-FDG PET/CT in an effort to tailor systemic and loco regional treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Medicina Nuclear , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Fluordesoxiglucose F18
20.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(3): 376-383, ago. 2023. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506691

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction : Immediate completion lymph node dissection (CLND) performed in patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) cutaneous melanoma is not associated with improved melanoma specific survival versus active surveillance (AS) using nodal ul trasound. Clinical practice experience and outcomes of AS and adjuvant therapy is now starting to be published in literature. Methods : Retrospective analysis of patients with a positive-SLNB between June/2017-February/2022. Impact of management on any-site recurrence free survival (RFS), isolated nodal recurrence (INR), distant metasta sis-free survival (DMFS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) was evaluated. Results : From 126 SLNB, 31 (24.6%) were positive: 24 received AS and 7 CLND. Twenty-one (68%) received ad juvant therapy (AS, 67% and CLND, 71%). With a median follow-up of 18 months, 10 patients developed recur rent disease with an estimated 2-yr RFS of 73% (CI95%, 0.55-0.86) (30% in AS group vs. 43% in dissection group; P = 0.65). Four died of melanoma with an estimated 2-yr MSS of 82% (CI 95%, 0.63-0.92) and no differences between AS and CLND groups (P = 0.21). Estimated 2-yr DMFS of the whole cohort was 76% (CI 95%, 0.57-0.88) with no differences between groups (P = 0.33). Conclusion : Active surveillance strategy has been adopted for most positive-SLNB cutaneous melanoma patients. Adjuvant therapy without immediate CLND was delivered in nearly 70% of patients. Our results align with outcomes of randomized control trials and previous real-world data.


Resumen Introducción : La linfadenectomía inmediata (LI) re alizada en pacientes con biopsia de ganglio centinela (BGC) positivo por melanoma cutáneo no está asociada a mejoría en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad vs. vigilancia activa (VA). Resultados oncológicos y experi encia en la práctica clínica con dicha conducta asociados a tratamiento adyuvante comienzan a ser publicados en la literatura. Métodos : Análisis retrospectivo incluyendo paci entes con BGC-positiva por melanoma cutáneo entre junio/2017-febrero/2022. Se evaluó impacto del manejo en: supervivencia libre de recurrencia (SLR), recurren cia ganglionar aislada (RGA), supervivencia libre de metástasis a distancia (SLMD) y supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE). Resultados : De 126 pacientes, 31 (24.6%) fueron positi vos: en 24 se realizó VA y en 7 LI. Veintiún pacientes (68%) recibieron tratamiento adyuvante (VA, 67% y LI, 71%). Con una media de seguimiento de 18 meses, 10 pacientes presentaron recurrencia de la enfermedad con una SLR estimada a 2 años del 73% (CI95%, 0.55-0.86) (30% en VA vs. 43% en LI; P = 0.65). Cuatro murieron de melanoma con una SLE a 2 años del 82% (CI 95%, 0.63-0.92); sin diferencia entre ambos grupos (P = 0.21). La SLMD a 2 años de toda la cohorte fue de 76% (CI 95%, 0.57-0.88; P = 0.33). Conclusión : La vigilancia activa se ha adoptado como conducta para la mayoría de los pacientes con BGC-positivo. El tratamiento adyuvante sin linfadenectomía inmediata se realizó en cerca del 70% de nuestra serie. Los resultados de nuestra serie son similares a los re portados en la literatura.

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