Correlación entre la edad cronológica y dental con los estadios de maduración vertebral / Correlation between chronological and dental age with vertebral maturation stages

Introducción: el desarrollo esquelético y dental es una condición determinante como factor principal de mala oclusión e influye en la evaluación, diagnóstico y planificación de los tratamientos de ortodoncia. Objetivo: estimar la correlación entre la edad cronológica y dental con los estadios de maduración vertebral. Material y métodos: la edad cronológica y dental se estimó por los métodos de Baccetti y el de Demirjian, con la lectura de 400 radiografías panorámicas y laterales de cráneo de 205 mujeres y 195 varones, con edades entre 4 y 17 años. La significancia estadística se estableció con el valor p < 0.05 del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson utilizando el programa SPSS v.24. Resultados: se observó un mayor porcentaje entre el estadio D de Demirjian con el estadio I de madurez de las vértebras cervicales (CVM) de Baccetti, seguido del estadio de calcificación dentaria E con el estadio CVM II. Además, existió una correlación moderada entre el método de Baccetti y el método de Demirjian en la pieza 37 (R2 = 0.3741) para la apreciación de la edad cronológica de un individuo. Conclusión: existe una buena correlación entre la edad cronológica y dental con los estadios de la maduración vertebral cervical, sin existir diferencias significativas por el sexo del individuo (AU)

Introduction: skeletal and dental development is a determining condition as the main factor of malocclusion and influences the evaluation, diagnosis, and planning of orthodontic treatments. Objective: to estimate the correlation between chronological and dental age with vertebral maturation stages. Material and methods: chronological and dental age was estimated by the Baccetti and Demirjian methods, with the reading of 400 panoramic and lateral skull radiographs of 205 women, and 195 men, aged between 4 and 17 years. Statistical significance was established with the value p < 0.05 of the Pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS v.24 program. Results: a higher percentage was observed between Demirjian stage D with Baccetti cervical vertebral maturation (MVC) stage I, followed by dental calcification stage E with MVC stage II. In addition, there was a moderate correlation between the Baccetti method and the Demirjian method in piece 37 (R2 = 0.3741) for the assessment of the CD of an individual. Conclusion: there is a good correlation between chronological and dental age with the stages of cervical vertebral maturation, without significant differences due to the sex of the individual (AU)

Relationship between cervical vertebral maturation and dental development in a sample of yemeni children and adolescents / Relación entre la maduración vertebral cervical y el desarrollo dental en una muestra de niños y adolescentes yemeníes

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dental development and cervical vertebral maturation stages in a group of Yemeni children and adolescents. Materials an Methods: The study included digital panoramic radiographs and lateral skull cephalograms obtained from 207 Yemeni subjects­122 females and 85 males aged between 8 to 18 years. Dental maturity was evaluated according to the method of Demirijian et al., calcification stages of the left mandibular canines, first and second premolars and second molars were assessed. Skeletal maturity was assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages according to the method of Baccetti et al. Correlation between CVM and dental maturation was evaluated by Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (SROCC). Results: CVM and dental calcification stages were highly correlated (p<0.001) in both genders, ranging from 0.686 to 0.873 for females and 0.787 to 0.871 for males. Calcification stages of the second molars showed the strongest correlation with CVM. Conclusion: Calcification stages of the second molar may be used as a reliable maturation indicator. Dental maturation may be applied to determine the skeletal maturity status of Yemeni children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para investigar la relación entre el desarrollo dental y las etapas de maduración vertebral cervical en un grupo de niños y adolescentes yemeníes. Material y Métodos: El estudio incluyó radiografías panorámicas digitales y cefalogramas laterales del cráneo obtenidos de 207 sujetos yemeníes: 122 mujeres y 85 hombres de entre 8 y 18 años. La madurez dental se evaluó de acuerdo con el método de Demirijian et al. Se evaluaron las etapas de calcificación de los caninos mandibulares izquierdos, primer y segundo premolares y segundos molares. La madurez esquelética se evaluó mediante las etapas de maduración vertebral cervical (CVM) de acuerdo con el método de Baccetti et al. La correlación entre la CVM y la maduración dental se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de orden de rango de Spearman (SROCC). Resultado: Las etapas de CVM y calcificación dental estuvieron altamente correlacionadas (p<0.001) en ambos sexos, con un rango de 0.686 a 0.873 para las mujeres y 0.787 a 0.871 para los hombres. Las etapas de calcificación de los segundos molares mostraron la correlación más fuerte con CVM. Conclusión: las etapas de calcificación del segundo molar pueden usarse como un indicador de maduración confiable. La maduración dental puede aplicarse para determinar el estado de madurez esquelética de los niños y adolescentes yemeníes.

Cephalometric evaluation of the effects of the Twin Block appliance in subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion amongst different cervical vertebral maturation stages

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the cephalometric changes in skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue variables induced by Clark's Twin Block (CTB) in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion patients and to compare these changes in different cervical vertebral maturation stages. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment/observation lateral cephalograms of 53 Class II, Division 1 malocclusion patients and 60 controls were compared to evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes. Skeletal maturity was assessed according to cervical vertebral maturation stages. Pre- and post-treatment/observation mean changes and differences (T2-T1) were compared by means of Wilcoxon sign rank and Mann-Whitney U-tests, respectively. Intergroup comparisons between different cervical stages were performed by means of Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test (p ≤ 0.05) . Results: When compared with controls, there was a significant reduction in ANB angle (p < 0.001), which was due to a change in SNB angle in CS-2 and CS-3 (p < 0.001), and in SNA (p < 0.001) and SNB (p = 0.016) angles in the CS-4 group. There was significant increase in the GoGn-SN angle in CS-2 (p = 0.007) and CS-4 (p = 0.024), and increase in Co-Gn and Go-Gn amongst all cervical stages (p < 0.05). There was significant decrease in U1-SN and increase in IMPA amongst all cervical stages (p < 0.05). There was significant retraction of the upper lip in CS-3 (p = 0.001), protrusion of the lower lip in CS-2 (p = 0.005), increase in nasolabial angle in CS-4 (p = 0.006) and Z-angle in CS-3 (p = 0.016), reduction in H-angle in CS-2 (p = 0.013) and CS-3 (p = 0.002) groups. When pre- and post-treatment mean differences were compared between different cervical stages, significant differences were found for SNA, SNB and UI-SN angles and overjet. . Conclusions: The Twin-Block along with the normal craniofacial growth improves facial esthetics in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion by changes in underlying skeletal and dentoalveolar structures. The favorable mandibular growth occurs during any of the cervical vertebral maturation stages, with more pronounced effect during CS-3 stage.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as alterações em variáveis cefalométricas esqueléticas, dentoalveolares e do perfil tegumentar, induzidas pelo aparelho Twin Block de Clark (TBC), em pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, e comparar as alterações nos diferentes estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais. Métodos: telerradiografias laterais pré- e pós-tratamento de 53 pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, foram comparadas às telerradiografias de 60 pacientes controle, para avaliar as alterações esqueléticas, dentoalveolares e no perfil tegumentar. A maturação esquelética foi avaliada de acordo com os estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais. As alterações médias e as diferenças entre o pré- e o pós-tratamento (T2 - T1) foram comparadas por meio do teste de postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon e do teste U de Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Foram realizadas comparações intergrupos para os diferentes estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais, por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste U de Mann-Whitney (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: em comparação aos pacientes do grupo controle, constatou-se que houve uma redução significativa do ângulo ANB (p < 0,001), em virtude de alterações no ângulo SNB nos estágios CS2 e CS3 (p < 0,001), e nos ângulos SNA (p < 0,001) e SNB (p = 0,016) no estágio CS4. Houve um aumento significativo do ângulo GoGn-SN nos estágios CS2 (p = 0,007) e CS4 (p = 0,024), e um aumento em Co-Gn e Go-Gn em todos os estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais (p < 0,05). Houve redução significativa em U1-SN e um aumento do IMPA em todos os estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais (p < 0,05). Houve retração significativa do lábio superior em CS3 (p = 0,001), protrusão do lábio inferior em CS2 (p = 0,005), aumento do ângulo nasolabial em CS4 (p = 0,006) e do ângulo Z em CS3 (p = 0,016), além de redução do ângulo H em CS2 (p = 0,013) e CS3 (p = 0,002). Quando as diferenças médias entre pré- e pós-tratamento foram comparadas entre os diferentes estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais, foram identificadas diferenças significativas para os ângulos SNA, SNB e UI-SN, assim como para o overjet. Conclusões: o uso do aparelho Twin-Block, associado ao crescimento craniofacial normal, melhora a estética facial em pacientes com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, por meio de alterações nas estruturas esqueléticas e dentoalveolares subjacentes. Esse crescimento mandibular mais favorável pode ocorrer durante qualquer um dos estágios de maturação das vértebras cervicais, com um efeito mais acentuado durante o estágio CS3.

Edad cronológica y maduración ósea cervical en niños y adolescentes / Chronological age and cervical vertebral maturation among children and adolescents

Introducción: en las prácticas médicas, ortopédicas y odontológicas se ha reconocido la importancia de diferenciar la edad cronológica de la edad esquelética o maduración ósea. La estimación del desarrollo óseo a partir de las vértebras cervicales es un método que se ha comprobado como confiable. Objetivo: relacionar los estadios de maduración ósea desde las vértebras cervicales según lo describe Baccetti y la edad cronológica en niños y adolescentes entre 8 y 14 años que asistieron a una clínica odontológica. Métodos: la muestra seleccionada fue probabilística y estuvo conformada por un total de 130 niños de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Se tomó una radiografía lateral de cráneo y se evaluaron los estadios de maduración ósea vertebral cervical bajo los estándares del método descrito por Baccetti. Resultados: el coeficiente de correlación entre la edad cronológica y estadios de maduración cervical fue r= 0,69, lo que muestra una moderada relación entre estas dos variables para los niños estudiados. Los estadios de maduración y el sexo explicaron el 50,4 % de la variabilidad de la edad cronológica. Para todos los estadios de maduración se encontraron diferencias significativas (p< 0,001). Los niños varones presentaron mayores estadios iniciales de maduración, aunque no se encontró diferencias significativas en función del sexo (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: Se logra determinar un modelo para explicar la variación de la edad cronológica del niño en función del estadio de maduración ósea cervical y el sexo del niño basado en la relacion positiva moderada entre la edad cronologica y la maduración osea evidenciada hasta el estadio C3(AU)

Introduction: the importance of distinguishing chronological from skeletal age or bone maturation has been recognized in medical, orthopedic and dental practice. Estimation of bone development on the basis of cervical vertebrae has proved to be a reliable method. Objective: relate the stages of bone maturation based on cervical vertebral development as described by Baccetti to the chronological age of children and adolescents aged 8-14 years attending a dental clinic. Methods: probabilistic sampling was used to select 130 children from the city of Cali, Colombia. Lateral skull radiography was performed to evaluate the stages of cervical vertebral bone maturation using the method described by Baccetti. Results: the correlation coefficient between chronological age and cervical maturation stage was r= 0.69, showing a moderate relationship between the two variables for the children studied. Maturation stages and gender accounted for 50.4 % of the variability in chronological age. Significant differences were found for all maturation stages (p< 0.001). Boys had higher initial maturation stages, though significant differences were not found between the genders (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It is possible to determine a model to explain the change in chronological age depending on the stage of cervical bone maturation and sex of the child, based on moderate positive relationship between chronological age and bone maturation evidenced through C3 stadium(AU)