Three new species of the Amazonian millipede genus Leptherpum (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

This study concerns the millipede genus Leptherpum Attems, 1931, which contains nine valid species distributed across the Amazonian rainforest of northeastern South America. The type species L. carinovatum (Attems, 1898) is reexamined based on the type material and high-resolution photographs, including the first scanning electron micrographs of this species. The following three new species are described: Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. from the state of Pará, Brazil; Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas, Brazil; and Leptherpum buenovillegasi sp. nov. from the commune of Maripasoula, French Guiana. A brief review of Leptherpum taxonomy and geographic distribution is provided, along with a key to males.

Sandalodesmus joachimadisi n. sp., the first Chelodesmidae member from Uruguay with an updated key to species of the genus (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

A new species of Chelodesmidae is described from northern Uruguay, Sandalodesmus joachimadisi n. sp. The new species differs from other congeners by particular features of the gonopods. Sandalodesmus joachimadisi n. sp. belongs to the iguazuensis species group. Photographs of the new species, data on its natural history and a geographic distribution map of all Sandalodesmus species are presented. A key to the species of Sandalodesmus is provided. The taxonomic relationships with other species of the genus are discussed.

Two New Species of the Brazilian Millipede Genus Rhicnosthetus Hoffman, 2006 (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae), Including a Key to Males.

The genus Rhicnosthetus Hoffman, 2006 is revisited. Two new species from state of Mato Grosso, Brazil are described: Rhicnosthetus chagasi sp. nov. and Rhicnosthetus penabarbosai sp. nov. In addition, a new record for R. rondoni Hoffman, 2006, a key to males and a distribution map of all species are included.

Two new species of the Brazilian Millipede Genus Rhicnosthetus Hoffman, 2006 (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae), including a key to males

The genus Rhicnosthetus Hoffman, 2006 is revisited. Two new species from state of Mato Grosso, Brazil are described: Rhicnosthetus chagasi sp. nov. and Rhicnosthetus penabarbosai sp. nov. In addition, a new record for R. rondoni Hoffman, 2006, a key to males and a distribution map of all species are included.

Cladistic analysis and taxonomic review of the millipede tribe Arthrosolaenomeridini Hoffman, 1976 (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

Chelodesmidae is one of the most diverse families belonging to the Polydesmida, comprising almost 800 described species distributed in 172 genera, 20 tribes and two subfamilies. Among the tribes within the Neotropical subfamily Chelodesminae, Arthrosolaenomeridini represents a very interesting group occurring in the Central-West region of Brazil. Currently the tribe contains three genera: Arthrosolaenomeris Schubart, 1943, Gangugia Schubart, 1947, and Angelodesmus Schubart, 1962. In this study, we conducted a cladistic analysis including 18 species of Arthrosolaenomeridini and 7 species of other associated Chelodesminae tribes as an outgroup. The matrix is composed of 64 morphological characters from which 39 are herein proposed for the first time. The data were analyzed under the parsimony criterion using TNT 1.5. Based on the results, Arthrosolaenomeridini was recovered as monophyletic with Macrocoxodesmini + Telonychopodini as sister group. Arthrosolaenomeris Schubart, 1943 and Gangugia Schubart, 1947 were recovered as monophyletics. The genus Angelodesmus Schubart, 1962 was recovered as paraphyletic and redefined as monotypic. The tribe is now composed of the genera Arthrosolaenomeris (6 spp.), Gangugia (6 spp.), Angelodesmus (monotypic), Abiliodesmus n. gen. (4 spp.) and Folcloredesmus n. gen. (monotypic). In addition, we conduct a taxonomic revision of the tribe Arthrosolaenomeridini providing detailed redescriptions, drawings, and distribution maps for all species and genera, including the two new genera and the ten new species proposed: Arthrosolaenomeris saci n. sp.; A. curupira n. sp.; A. caipora n. sp.; A. iara n. sp.; Gangugia boitata n. sp.; G. cuca n. sp.; G. boto n. sp.; G. mula n. sp.; Abiliodesmus mapinguari n. sp. and Folcloredesmus thomasi n. sp. Furthermore, we include an identification key to all the genera and species.

Cladistic analysis and description of a new species of the Brazilian genus Atlantodesmus Hoffman, 2000 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

A cladistic analysis of the genus Atlantodesmus Hoffman, 2000 is presented. With a total of 11 taxa and 30 morphological characters, and under implied weighting (k = 3), two equally most parsimonious trees (length = 58 steps; total fit = 23.150; CI = 0.64; RI = 0.64) recovered the monophyly of the genus. The resulting synapomorphies are: absence of a ventral projection on the post-gonopodal sternites; presence of folds on the dorsal edge of the prefemoral region of the gonopod; and one homoplastic transformation: presence of a cingulum. In addition, Atlantodesmus sierwaldae sp. nov. is described from the state of Minas Gerais, in the Brazilian Cerrado, and a key to the males of the genus is provided.

A new record after a century and description of the female of Plectrogonodesmus gounellei (Brölemann 1902) (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

The monotypic genus Plectrogonodesmus Hoffman, 2012 is revisited. Currently, the genus comprises only the species Plectrogonodesmus gounellei Brölemann, 1902, described based on a single male specimen. In this work, we describe the female for the first time, and complement the description of the males. Furthermore, a revised diagnosis for the genus and a distribution map are provided.

A review of the millipede genus Rupidesmus Schubart, 1952 (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae).

The chelodesmid genus Rupidesmus Schubart, 1952 is revised. Currently, the genus contains only Rupidesmus ruber Schubart, 1952, herein redescribed, and the new species Rupidesmus aclys n. sp., added. A revised diagnosis for the genus and a distribution map for the two species are provided.

Annotated checklist of the millipede family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 from São Paulo state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

A checklist of the family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 (order Polydesmida) from state of São Paulo, Brazil has been performed based on literature and examined material from the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP). A total of 15 genera (7 tribes and 5 genera considered incertae sedis) with 64 species are listed. Among these species, 30 presented a single one record in the state, 19 with more than one record and four recorded for the first time for the state of São Paulo, and 11 species occurring in other Brazilian states. The most distributed species is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brölemann, 1902) with 52 records of occurrence. In addition, a complete bibliography list of the chelodesmidan fauna from the state is compiled, as well as distribution maps for all species are provided.

A review of the millipede genus Rupidesmus Schubart, 1952 (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

The chelodesmid genus Rupidesmus Schubart, 1952 is revised. Currently, the genus contains only Rupidesmus ruber Schubart, 1952, herein redescribed, and the new species Rupidesmus aclys n. sp., added. A revised diagnosis for the genus and a distribution map for the two species are provided.