Estratificación espacial de la tuberculosis en menores de 15 años de edad en las provincias occidentales de Cuba, 2011-2015 / Spatial stratification of tuberculosis in the western provinces of Cuba, 2011-2015 in children under 15 years

Introducción: La tuberculosis infantil posee baja incidencia en Cuba, no obstante, se considera un indicador de transmisión reciente de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Estratificar espacialmente la tuberculosis en menores de 15 años de edad en la región occidental de Cuba en el periodo 2011-2015, según las metas progresivas hacia la eliminación de la enfermedad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series temporales. La estatificación espacial de la tuberculosis se realizó a partir de técnicas geoespaciales que asignan a cada territorio valores ponderados graduados con respecto a los rangos establecidos de las medias geométricas de las tasas de notificación en el periodo. Los estratos se corresponden con las metas progresivas hacia la eliminación de la tuberculosis. Resultados: Se encontraron en la categoría de ultracontrol muy avanzado las provincias La Habana [municipios Plaza de la Revolución (2,4), Centro Habana (3,7), San Miguel del Padrón (2,1), Diez de Octubre (1,6) y Marianao (1,0)], Mayabeque [Melena del Sur (3,5) y San José de las Lajas (1,4)] y Matanzas [Unión de Reyes (1,1)]. Conclusiones: La presencia de diferentes estratos geoespaciales de la tuberculosis en menores de 15 años de edad en la región occidental de Cuba constata la necesidad de diseñar estrategias que se adecuen a la realidad de los diferentes territorios. El abordaje geoespacial fortalece la estratificación epidemiológica de acuerdo a las metas progresivas hacia la eliminación de la tuberculosis(AU)

Introduction: Children tuberculosis has a low incidence in Cuba, however, it is considered an indicator of recent transmission of the disease. Objective: Spatially stratify tuberculosis in children under 15 years of age in the western region of Cuba in the period 2011-2015, according to the progressive goals towards the elimination of the disease. Methods: An ecological time series study was conducted. The spatial stratification of tuberculosis was carried out from geospatial techniques that assign to each territory weighted values graded with respect to the established ranges of the geometric means of the notification rates in the period. The strata correspond to the progressive goals towards the elimination of tuberculosis. Results: The provinces of Havana [municipalities : Plaza de la Revolución (2.4), Centro Habana (3.7), San Miguel del Padrón (2.1), Diez de Octubre (1.6) and Marianao (1.0)], Mayabeque (municipalities : Melena del Sur (3.5) and San José de las Lajas (1.4)] and Matanzas [municipalities : Unión de Reyes (1.1)] were found in the category of very advanced ultracontrol. Conclusions: The presence of different geospatial strata of tuberculosis in children under 15 years of age in the western region of Cuba confirms the need to design strategies that adapt to the reality of the different territories. The geospatial approach strengthens the epidemiological stratification according to the progressive goals towards the elimination of tuberculosis(AU)

Tuberculosis infantil en Cuba / Children tuberculosis in Cuba

Introducción: La presencia de tuberculosis infantil constituye una señal de alerta de transmisión en la comunidad. Objetivos: Determinar incidencia y características de la tuberculosis infantil en Cuba en su etapa más reciente. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de los 107 casos diagnosticados 0-18 años, periodo 2013-2017, según datos de la Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud, la ficha epidemiológica y datos del Centro de Referencia Nacional de tuberculosis infantil. Se estudiaron variables demográficas, epidemiológicas, clínicas y de estudios que contribuyeron al diagnóstico, así como a la evolución final de los casos. Resultados: Predominó el grupo de edad de 15 - 18 años (52,0 - 48,6 por ciento) , sexo masculino (59,0-55,1 por ciento) y los procedentes de La Habana (43,0 - 40,2 por ciento). La tuberculosis en menores de 19 años representó entre 1,8 y 4,4 por ciento del total de casos en el país. La tasa de incidencia por 100 mil habitantes se comportó en menores de 15 años entre 0,4 y 0,8 con tendencia descendente; en el grupo 15-18 años, entre 0,8 y 3,0 con tendencia ascendente. Predominaron las formas pulmonares (87,0 - 82,6 por ciento) con pobre confirmación bacteriológica (49,0 - 45,7 por ciento). Ningún caso tuvo coinfección VIH-TB ni drogorresistencia. Hubo una fallecida (0,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: Cuba tiene muy baja incidencia de tuberculosis infantil, no es un problema de salud, pero sí un indicador de transmisión de la enfermedad en la comunidad. Para su eliminación, hay que fortalecer las acciones del Programa Nacional de Control, particularmente en La Habana y en el grupo de edad de 15 a 18 años(AU)

Introduction: The presence of children tuberculosis constitutes a transmission alert sign in the community. Objectives: To determine the incidence and characteristics of children tuberculosis in Cuba in its earliest stage. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and restrospective study of 107 diagnosed cases in the ages from 0 to 18 years during the period 2013-2017, according to data provided by the National Division of Medical Records and Health Statistics, epidemiological records and data from the Center of National Reference on Children Tuberculosis. There were studied demographic, epidemiological, clinical and study variables which contributed to the diagnosis as well as to the final evolution of the cases. Results: There was a predominance of the age of group of 15 - 18 years (52.0 - 48.6 percent), masculine sex (59.0 - 55.1 percent) and patients from Havana city (43.0 - 40.2 percent). Tuberculosis in patients under 19 years represented between the 1.8 and 4.4 percent of all the cases in the country. The incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants in patients under 15 years was 0.4 to 0.8 with a decreasing trend; in the group age of 15 to 18 years it was between 0.8 and 3.0 with an increasing trend. Pulmonary conditions predominated (87.0 - 82.6 percent) with poor bacteriological confirmation (49.0 - 45.7 percent). None of the cases had HIV-TB co-infection nor drugs resistance. There was one deceased girl (0,9 percent). Conclusions: Cuba has a very low incidence of children tuberculosis; it does not represent a health problem but it actually is an indicator of transmission of the disease in the community. For its erradication, it is needed to strenght the actions of the Control´s National Program, particularly in Havana city and the age group of 15 to 18 years(AU)

The Body Weights' Follow Up Before and After 6 Months Therapy of Oral Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy in Children in Medan, Sumatra Utara.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains an important issue of children health, particularly in developing countries. Body Weight is one of the tuberculosis symptoms and used to identified children tuberculosis scoring in Indonesia. AIM: The study aims to get an overview of body weight and body weight increment during oral anti-tuberculosis in Medan, Sumatra Utara. METHODS: Medical records of children with tuberculosis in the Haji Hospital of Sumatra Utara located in Medan during January 2018 till July 2018 were compiled for the children characteristic, body weight before and after oral anti-tuberculosis treatment. RESULTS: There were 99 children medical records included in the study, 42.4% children 1 to 5 years old treated as tuberculosis. At the early treatment, many children were in severe malnutrition (85%). However, after 6 months of tuberculosis treatment, there were many children (78%) got their body weight increment. CONCLUSION: Body weight is an important sign and symptom of children with tuberculosis.

Role Of Tuberculin Test As A Diagnostic Tool For Tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Childhood Tuberculosis remains one of the major public health concerns in developing countries like Pakistan and is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in children. Although tuberculin skin test is very commonly used by physicians all over the world, its interpretation always remains difficult and challenging. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of positive tuberculin skin test in vaccinated and unvaccinated children suffering from tuberculosis. METHODS: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Paediatric Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st February 2015 to 30th April 2016. A total of 150 patients were observed in this study. Children of either gender who were aged 1-15 years admitted in ward with tuberculosis were included in the study by using nonprobability convenient sampling technique. We injected 0.1 ml (10 units) of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) into the anterior surface of the forearm and induration was read at 72 hours after administration. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 10. RESULTS: Out of 150 children, 84 (56%) were males and 66 (44%) were females. The mean age was 7.8±3.84 years. Of these 75 (50%) were vaccinated and 75 (50%) were unvaccinated. In vaccinated Group 5.3% children had positive tuberculin skin test while in unvaccinated Group 2.7% children had positive tuberculin skin test and this difference was found statistically insignificant (pvalue= 0.40). Pulmonary TB was the diagnosis in 67 (44.7%), TBM in 65 (43.3%), abdominal TB in 7 (4.7%), disseminated TB in 4 (2.7%) and military TB in 7 (4.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The positivity of tuberculin skin test in vaccinated and unvaccinated children suffering from tuberculosis was found to be insignificant in our study. We conclude that Tuberculin Skin Test should not be used as a sole diagnostic tool for diagnosing the disease in children of our region..