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1.
J Vet Med Sci ; 2023 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38030283

RESUMO

Cinnamomi cortex was applied to mitigate joint injury since ancient China. However, the effect of Cinnamomi cortex on gouty arthritis (GA) was rarely reported. This study aimed to explore the effect of Cinnamomi cortex on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced acute GA (AGA) in rats, and clarify the underlying mechanism. The results showed that Cinnamomi cortex extract (CE) containing rich polyphenols and flavonoids alleviated joint swelling and inflammation by reducing programmed cell death in MSU-induced AGA rats. Network pharmacology analysis showed that CE's predictive inflammatory pathways included nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and necroptosis pathways. CE reduced expression of pyroptosis-related regulators including Gasdermin D and Caspase 1 via regulating NF-κB/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 signaling pathway in AGA rats. In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical basis for Cinnamomi cortex applied as a new veterinary medicine to protect against GA.

2.
Phytomedicine ; 121: 155084, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37722245

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cinnamomi cortex called as Rougui (RG) in Chinese was a widely used food-medicine homology. RG has the potential to treat chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), a disease with widespread impact in the Chinese population. PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore its mechanism against CAG based on amalgamated strategies. METHODS: Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential effective components and the core targets of RG against CAG based on the comprehensive chemical characterization using UHPLC-Q/TOF MS (ultra high performance liquid chromatogramphy-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry). The CAG animals model were further used to validate its pharmacodynamics, of which gut microbiota of caecal contents were analyzed by integrating metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, Metorigin metabolite traceability analysis and molecular docking to explore its action mechanism. RESULTS: Network pharmacology firstly predicted the efficacy of RG was attributed to four effective components and seven targets. Metabolomics of caecal contents in CAG rats revealed primary bile acid biosynthesis was its targeted metabolic pathway associated with the metabolism of gut microbiota coupled with Metorigin traceability analysis. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that RG treated CAG by regulating the imbalance of gut microbiota. Molecular docking further confirmed that the effective components of RG could intervene with potential targets, metorigin analysis pathway, and key enzymes of gut microbiota metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION: Our results proved that RG exerted favorable effect on CAG. The four active ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, oleic acid, and (-)-epicatechin) of RG were the key to exert drug effect, which could targeted the core target of CAG, primary bile acid biosynthesis and intestinal flora metabolic pathways.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Gastrite Atrófica , Ratos , Animais , Gastrite Atrófica/tratamento farmacológico , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Farmacologia em Rede , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Metabolômica/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Ácidos e Sais Biliares
3.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 48(3): 725-735, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36872236

RESUMO

This study aimed to parallelly investigate the cardioprotective activity of Cinnamomi Ramulus formula granules(CRFG) and Cinnamomi Cortex formula granules(CCFG) against acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI) and the underlying mechanism based on the efficacy of "warming and coordinating the heart Yang". Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, CRFG low and high-dose(0.5 and 1.0 g·kg~(-1)) groups, and CCFG low and high-dose(0.5 and 1.0 g·kg~(-1)) groups, with 15 rats in each group. The sham group and the model group were given equal volumes of normal saline by gavage. Before modeling, the drug was given by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the last administration, the MI/RI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery(LAD) for 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion except the sham group. The sham group underwent the same procedures without LAD ligation. Heart function, cardiac infarct size, cardiac patho-logy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac injury enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines were determined to assess the protective effects of CRFG and CCFG against MI/RI. The gene expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1), Gasdermin-D(GSDMD), interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß), and interleukin-18(IL-18) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, and N-GSDMD were determined by Western blot. The results showed that both CRFG and CCFG pretreatments significantly improved cardiac function, decreased the cardiac infarct size, inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and reduced the content of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB), aspartate transaminase(AST), and cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ). In addition, CRFG and CCFG pretreatments significantly decreased the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum. RT-PCR results showed that CRFG and CCFG pretreatment down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, and downstream pyroptosis-related effector substances including GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1ß in cardiac tissues. Western blot revealed that CRFG and CCFG pretreatments significantly decreased the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, and N-GSDMD in cardiac tissues. In conclusion, CRFG and CCFG pretreatments have obvious cardioprotective effects on MI/RI in rats, and the under-lying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway to reduce the cardiac inflammatory response.


Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Interleucina-18 , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Caspase 1
4.
Molecules ; 28(5)2023 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36903261

RESUMO

Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) and Cinnamomi cortex (CC), both sourced from Cinnamomum cassia Presl, are commonly used Chinese medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. However, while CR functions to dissipate cold and to resolve external problems of the body, CC functions to warm the internal organs. To clarify the material basis of these different functions and clinical effects, a simple and reliable UPLC-Orbitrap-Exploris-120-MS/MS method combined with multivariate statistical analyses was established in this study with the aim of exploring the difference in chemical compositions of aqueous extracts of CR and CC. As the results indicated, a total of 58 compounds was identified, including nine flavonoids, 23 phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids, two coumarins, four lignans, four terpenoids, 11 organic acids and five other components. Of these compounds, 26 significant differential compounds were identified statistically including six unique components in CR and four unique components in CC. Additionally, a robust HPLC method combined with hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was developed to simultaneously determine the concentrations and differentiating capacities of five major active ingredients in CR and CC: coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxycinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde. The HCA results showed that these five components could be used as markers for successfully distinguishing CR and CC. Finally, molecular docking analyses were conducted to obtain the affinities between each of the abovementioned 26 differential components, focusing on targets involved in diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The results indicated that the special and high-concentration components in CR showed high docking scores of affinities with targets such as HbA1c and proteins in the AMPK-PGC1-SIRT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that CR has greater potential than CC for treating DPN.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Cinnamomum zeylanicum
5.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-970542

RESUMO

This study aimed to parallelly investigate the cardioprotective activity of Cinnamomi Ramulus formula granules(CRFG) and Cinnamomi Cortex formula granules(CCFG) against acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI) and the underlying mechanism based on the efficacy of "warming and coordinating the heart Yang". Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, CRFG low and high-dose(0.5 and 1.0 g·kg~(-1)) groups, and CCFG low and high-dose(0.5 and 1.0 g·kg~(-1)) groups, with 15 rats in each group. The sham group and the model group were given equal volumes of normal saline by gavage. Before modeling, the drug was given by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the last administration, the MI/RI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery(LAD) for 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion except the sham group. The sham group underwent the same procedures without LAD ligation. Heart function, cardiac infarct size, cardiac patho-logy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac injury enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines were determined to assess the protective effects of CRFG and CCFG against MI/RI. The gene expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1), Gasdermin-D(GSDMD), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-18(IL-18) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, and N-GSDMD were determined by Western blot. The results showed that both CRFG and CCFG pretreatments significantly improved cardiac function, decreased the cardiac infarct size, inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and reduced the content of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB), aspartate transaminase(AST), and cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ). In addition, CRFG and CCFG pretreatments significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum. RT-PCR results showed that CRFG and CCFG pretreatment down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, and downstream pyroptosis-related effector substances including GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β in cardiac tissues. Western blot revealed that CRFG and CCFG pretreatments significantly decreased the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, and N-GSDMD in cardiac tissues. In conclusion, CRFG and CCFG pretreatments have obvious cardioprotective effects on MI/RI in rats, and the under-lying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway to reduce the cardiac inflammatory response.


Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Interleucina-18 , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Infarto do Miocárdio , Caspase 1
6.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-973138

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo observe the pharmacodynamic effects of Cinnamomi Cortex on the incretin effect in the rat model of diabetes mellites (DM) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and explore the underlying mechanism from glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). MethodForty SD rats were randomly assigned into blank, model, sitagliptin (0.1 g·kg-1), and low- and high-dose Cinnamomi Cortex (0.45 and 0.9 g·kg-1, respectively) groups. The DM rat model was established by a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg·kg-1 STZ in other groups except the blank group. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The status, body weight, water intake, food intake, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the rats were observed and determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes of the pancreas, and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of glucagon in the pancreas. Biochemical assay was employed to measure the serum levels of lipid metabolism indexes such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in rat serum, and Western blot to determine the protein levels of GLP-1 and DPP-4 in the pancreas. ResultAfter 8 weeks of intervention, the model group showed higher body weight, FBG, TC, TG, LDL, glycosylated hemoglobin, glucagon, insulin, and insulin resistance index and lower HDL, GLP-1, and GIP than the blank group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed lower body weight, FBG, TC, TG, LDL, glycosylated hemoglobin, glucagon, insulin, and insulin resistance index and higher HDL, GLP-1, and GIP than the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed recovered morphology of islet cells and no nucleus aggregation. Compared with the model group, the Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed declined levels of glucagon in the center of islet cells. Compared with the blank group, the model group showed up-regulated protein level of DPP-4 and down-regulated protein level of GLP-1 (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the high-dose Cinnamomi Cortex groups showed down-regulated protein level of DPP-4 and up-regulated protein level of GLP-1 (P<0.05). ConclusionCinnamomi Cortex may reduce blood glucose and improve incretin effect to lower the blood glucose level by regulating DPP-4 and GLP-1 in DM rats.

7.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-979467

RESUMO

Zishenwan, also known as Tongguanwan, is composed of three herbs:Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, and Cinnamomi Cortex, which thus is thought to be the representative formula to clear heat, purge fire, nourish Yin, and tonify Qi, and it is often used for treating anuresis and renal arthralgia. In recent years, this formula has become a commonly used combination of herbs and is used to treat diabetes (consumptive thirst disease) diagnosed with "lower consumption" syndrome. This article systematically reviewed the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory for Zishenwan. Moreover, based on modern pharmacological research, the previous studies on the components of Zishenwan, the improvement of diabetes-related diseases by Zishenwan, and the relationship between the single herd of Zishenwan and the treatment of diabetes were summarized, and the chemical components and the mechanisms for treating diabetes by the three herbs were discussed. It is found that Zishenwan can alleviate diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by performing anti-inflammation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and inhibiting pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Three herbs in Zishenwan and several components of them, including mangiferin, timosaponins, berberine, jatrorrhizine, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamic acid can ameliorate diabetes and maintain stable glycometabolism by a variety of mechanisms such as improving insulin resistance in insulin target tissues, suppressing inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulating lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin secretion, and regulating gut microbiota. This review provides a theoretical foundation and reference for subsequent studies on the mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effect of Zishenwan.

8.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-996510

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Cinnamomi Cortex in regulating the intestinal function in the rat model of slow transit constipation (STC) due to yang deficiency via the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/aquaporin (AQP) pathway. MethodSD rats were randomized into 6 groups (n=6), including a control group, a model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Cinnamomi Cortex groups, and a prucalopride group. Other groups except the control group were treated with loperamide hydrochloride combined with ice water by gavage for the modeling of STC due to yang deficiency. The number of fecal pellets, time to the first black stool defecation, fecal water content, intestinal propulsion rate, and score of fecal properties were recorded in each group. At the end of the treatment, the colon was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to reveal the histopathological changes and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) to reveal the secretion of colonic mucus. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the level of VIP in the serum. The mRNA level of AQP in the colon was measured by polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of AQPs in the colon and kidney tissues. Western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of cAMP, PKA, and VIP in the colon tissue. ResultCompared with the control group, the model group had longer time to the first black stool defecation, reduced fecal pellets and water content, reduced Bristol Stool Form Scale score and intestinal propulsion rate, and constipation aggravated(P<0.01). Moreover, increased the intestinal lesions, reduced the mucus secretion, reduce the serum VIP level, up-regulated the expression levels of AQP1 in the colon and kidney tissues, inhibited the expression of AQP3 and AQP9(P<0.01)., and down-regulated the protein levels of cAMP, PKA, and VIP in the colon tissue. Compared with the model group, the high-dose Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Cinnamomi Cortex group had shortened time to the first black stool defecation, increased fecal pellets and water content, increased Bristol Stool Form Scale score and intestinal propulsion rate, and alleviated constipation symptoms. Moreover, high-dose Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Cinnamomi Cortex reduced the intestinal lesions, increased the mucus secretion, elevated the serum VIP level(P<0.01)., down-regulated the expression levels of AQP1 in the colon and kidney tissues, promoted the expression of AQP3 and AQP9(P<0.05,P<0.01), and up-regulated the protein levels of cAMP, PKA, and VIP in the colon tissue. The medium- and low-dose groups had weaker effect than the high-dose group(P<0.01). ConclusionHigh-dose Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Cinnamomi Cortex can improve the intestinal motility and balance the intestinal water and fluid metabolism by up-regulating the VIP/cAMP/PKA/AQP pathway, thereby mitigating the constipation symptoms in the rat model of slow transit constipation due to yang deficiency.

9.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 3644-3652, 2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-964330

RESUMO

In this study, the molecular mechanism of Cinnamomi Cortex-Rehmanniae Radix (CR) in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP) was investigated by integrating compatibility analysis of compound, bioinformatics and metabolomics. The rat OP models were established, and the Micro-CT indexes and pathological sections were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that compared with the model group, the indexes such as bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) were significantly increased after CR treatment (P < 0.05), and the bone trabeculae were arranged into mesh. The results of UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS mainly involved amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and estrogen metabolism pathways. Integrating bioinformatics and metabolomics analysis, it was finally found that: ① cinnamic acid and ethylcinnamate inhibit inflammatory factors such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-13, thereby preventing and treating OP; ② multiple active ingredients of CR target ESR2, PPARG, and CYP19A1, GABRA1 and other targets, regulate cAMP synthesis, AMPK signaling pathway and lipid metabolism, thereby regulating estrogen levels to prevent and treat OP; ③ oleic acid, arachic acid, etc. act on AR, VDR and other targets, and regulate HIF-1 signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, thereby regulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and affecting calcium and phosphorus absorption to maintain bone homeostasis. This study clarified the molecular mechanism of CR in preventing and treating OP from the perspective of multi-directional regulation of inflammatory factors, estrogen and bone homeostasis, and provided theoretical basis for the clinical application of CR and the development of compound. This experiment complied with the ethical standards of animal experiments and was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine (No. SUCMDL20210309002).

10.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-954486

RESUMO

Coptidis Rhizoma- Cinnamomi Cortex is a classic couplet medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has the function of communicating heart and kidney, and has been widely used in clinic. At present, the chemical composition of Coptidis Rhizoma- Cinnamomi Cortex before and after compatibility, in terms of nature, quality and in vivo processes to carry out research. The drug pair has sedative hypnotic, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, antiarrhythmic and other pharmacological effects, involving regulation of neurotransmitters, regulation of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant, regulation of intestinal flora and other mechanisms. The existing research is still insufficient, such as the study on the changes of material basis after the compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma- Cinnamomi Cortex, as well as the pharmacological effects of cardiovascular system, lipid metabolism and perimenopausal syndrome. The best compatibility ratio of Coptidis Rhizoma- Cinnamomi Cortex in sedation, hypnosis, hypoglycemic and antidepressant needs further analysis.

11.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 45(7): 1707-1716, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32489053

RESUMO

Through consulting the ancient herbs and medical books, combining with modern literature, this paper makes textual research on herbal medicine, and textual research on the name, origin, position and harvest and processing changes of the medicinal herbs in ancient classical prescriptions. According to research, Cinnamon medicinal materials were first listed in the Shennong's Herbal Classic, as the name of "Jungui" and "Mugui". Among them, Jungui has undergone the evolution of "Qungui-Jungui-Tonggui-Jungui". After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a half-volume fatty "Gui" was added, but the usage of the three was no different. The names of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex did not appear until the Tang Dynasty, and they were preferably thick-skinned and with no cork cambium, and they were mostly used in the name of "Guixin"; Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the medicinal parts of cassia have gradually separated. Cinnamomi Cortex is the trunk bark of sapling or branch bark, the twig is Cinnamomi Ramulus, and the tenderest twig is Liugui, Song Dynasty unified the name as "Guizhi"; After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cinnamomi Cortex was used as the trunk bark, and Cinnamomi Ramulus was used as the tender twig; In modern times, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the Cinnamomi Ramulus is the young branch of C. cassia, which is Cinnamomum, and Cinnamomi Cortex was the dried trunk bark. From the plant morphology recorded in the previous herbals and the drawings, combined with the distribution of the origins described in the previous herbals, the mainstream plant used as a medicine in the past generations should be C. cassia, but there are other sect. Cinnamomum plants that are also used in medicine everywhere, such as C. chekiangensis, C. bejolghota, C. wilsonii, etc. Throughout the ages, different plant morphologies and medicinal traits have been used to distinguish different categories. The origins of the past dynasties are mostly present in Guangdong, Guangxi province and Vietnam, and are regarded as authentic. The methods for the harvest and processing of cinnamon medicinal materials are basically the same from ancient to modern times.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Plantas Medicinais , China , Medicina Herbária , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Fitoterapia , Vietnã
12.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-872800

RESUMO

Objective::To establish a rapid evaluation method for Cinnamomi Cortex decoction pieces by near infrared spectroscopy. Method::The contents of coumarin, cinnamalol, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde in 86 batches of Cinnamomi Cortex of different origins were determined by HPLC. And the NIR spectra of different batches of Cinnamomi Cortex were also collected. With NIR spectrum as independent variable and coumarin, cinnamalol, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde as dependent variables, a quantitative analysis model of four components in cinnamon was established by partial least squares method. Result::The correlation coefficients (r) of coumarin, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde near infrared quantitative analysis models were 0.952 8, 0.977 7, 0.961 9, 0.992 2, root mean square error of cross(RMSEC) were 0.012 2, 0.006 1, 0.004 3, 0.82 g·g-1, root mean square errorof cross-validation(RMSECV) were 0.015 8, 0.011 2, 0.002 0, 1.481 1 g·g-1, and root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) were 0.017 8, 0.010 3, 0.010 3, 0.005 5, 1.63 g·g-1. Conclusion::The established NIR quantitative analysis model of four active ingredients in Cinnamomi Cortex slices has a good accuracy, and provides a basis for rapid evaluation of the quality of Cinnamomi Cortex slices.

13.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 44(21): 4720-4727, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31872670

RESUMO

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UPLC-QtrapMS) method was established to identify the metabolites in rat plasma,bile,urine and feces after oral administration of Cinnamomi Cortex(CC) aqueous extract. Several survey experiments,such as enhanced mass spectrum scan(EMS),precursor ion scan(PI),neutral loss scan(NL) and multiple ions monitoring(MIM) were applied to search target components,and two separate enhanced product ion(EPI) scans were triggered via information-dependent acquisition(IDA) method to generate the MS/MS spectra. According to the mass spectrometric data collected from reference standards and reported literature,the structures of metabolites were deduced. A total of76 metabolites and 5 original compounds were tentatively identified in rats after oral administration of CC aqueous extract. Deglycosylation,methylation,sulfonation,and glucuronidation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of CC. These data are able to benefit the clarification of the therapeutic material basis,the clinical usage and further R&D of CC.


Assuntos
Bile , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Administração Oral , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Fezes , Ratos
14.
Nutrients ; 11(2)2019 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30791474

RESUMO

A chemotherapy drug, oxaliplatin, induces cold and mechanical hypersensitivity, but effective treatments for this neuropathic pain without side effects are still lacking. We previously showed that Cinnamomi Cortex suppresses oxaliplatin-induced pain behaviors in rats. However, it remains unknown which phytochemical of Cinnamomi Cortex plays a key role in that analgesic action. Thus, here we investigated whether and how cinnamic acid or cinnamaldehyde, major components of Cinnamomi Cortex, alleviates cold and mechanical allodynia induced by a single oxaliplatin injection (6 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Using an acetone test and the von Frey test for measuring cold and mechanical allodynia, respectively, we found that administration of cinnamic acid, but not cinnamaldehyde, at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly attenuates the allodynic behaviors in oxaliplatin-injected rats with the strongest effect being observed at 20 mg/kg. Our in vivo extracellular recordings also showed that cinnamic acid (20 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibits the increased activities of spinal wide dynamic range neurons in response to cutaneous mechanical and cold stimuli following the oxaliplatin injection. These results indicate that cinnamic acid has an effective analgesic action against oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain through inhibiting spinal pain transmission, suggesting its crucial role in mediating the effect of Cinnamomi Cortex.


Assuntos
Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Cinamatos/uso terapêutico , Cinnamomum aromaticum/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Neuralgia/prevenção & controle , Oxaliplatina/efeitos adversos , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Acroleína/farmacologia , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Temperatura Baixa , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Neuralgia/induzido quimicamente , Compostos Organoplatínicos/efeitos adversos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
15.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-759788

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have sought to identify safe, natural herbal extracts that exert an anti-melanogenesis effect. Cinnamomi cortex has been widely used as a herbal medicine in Asia and Europe. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the inhibitory effects of Cinnamomi cortex extract against melanogenesis and inflammation and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of these actions. METHODS: Effects of Cinnamomi cortex extract on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells were evaluated using an ELISA reader. Tyrosinase and MITF protein expression was determined using western blotting. Nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells was measured using Griess reaction. PGE₂ was assayed with an ELISA kit. RESULTS: Cinnamomi cortex extracts inhibited melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, and MITF and tyrosinase expression through regulation of the ERK and CREB genes in α-MSH-induced B16 melanoma cells. In addition, Cinnamomi cortex extracts inhibited the expression of NO, PGE₂, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: We suggest that Cinnamomi cortex may be a potentially useful agent for treating inflammatory skin diseases such as hyperpigmentation based on its inhibitory effects against melanin synthesis and inflammation response in vitro.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Ásia , Western Blotting , Citocinas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Europa (Continente) , Medicina Herbária , Hiperpigmentação , Técnicas In Vitro , Inflamação , Melaninas , Melanoma , Melanoma Experimental , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase , Óxido Nítrico , Dermatopatias
16.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-851128

RESUMO

Objective: To study the effects of different Chinese materia medica combinations on the regulation of adrenal function. Methods Mice with 1.65 mg/(kg•d) hydrocortisone for 14 d to induce drug-induced syndrome was treated synchronously with assissting yang and dissipating cold (Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia-Cinnamomi Cortex), nourishing yin and reducing fire (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex), tonifying qi and promoting fluid production (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Astragali Radix), and tonifying blood and benefiting spirit (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-Corni Fructus). The body mass of mice was dynamically observed every day, and the characteristic information such as body mass, holding power, axillary temperature, activity degrees of open field, and infrared temperature were detected by the experimental methodology of mice syndrome differentiation; The mice were sacrificed whose spleen, thymus was weighed and the organ index was calculated. Serum corticosterone, ACTH, adrenaline, and noradrenaline were measured by ELISA. The gene expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp21a1, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Dbh, Ddc, Pnmt, and Th in the adrenal were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The protein’s expressions of LDLR, SRB1, and StAR were detected by Western blotting. Results:The effects of four different treatments on the reduction of body weight and body temperature caused by hydrocortisone were not significant. The holding power of mice in Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia-Cinnamomi Cortex group was significantly higher than that of hydrocortisone group (P < 0.05). Compared with the hydrocortisone group, the serum corticosterone content of mice in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex group increased significantly (P < 0.01); The genes expression of Star, Cyp11b1, and Cyp11b2 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05, 0.01); The proteins expression of SRBI and StAR were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: The nourishing yin and purging fire treatment group (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex) is the best to correct and protect the adrenal cortex function in mice with hydrocortisone induced syndrome at low dose.

17.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-802055

RESUMO

Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex are widely used to treat paralysis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). There are numerous and complicated relative records in ancient literatures. Doctors often use Cinnamomi Ramulus to dispel wind and cold, remove blood stasis and combine with warm-natured and heat-natured herbs to treat excess paralysis and early-stage paralysis. And Cinnamorni Cortex is used to warm and invigorate kidney Yang and combine with warm-benefiting herbs to treat deficiency paralysis and chronicle paralysis. However, modern pharmaceutical studies reported that their active substances are almost the same. The active substances in Cinnamomi Cortex are more than those in Cinnamomi Ramulus. The mechanisms of treating paralysis include:suppressing inflammation and regulating immunity by down-regulating nuclear factors(NF)-κB, mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK), Janus kinase-signal transducers/activators of transcription(JAK/STAT) signaling pathways, regulating cell proliferation by inhibiting the proliferation of fibroblasts, osteoclasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and promoting the proliferation of osteoblast, resisting oxidation by scavenging oxygen free radicals, regulating pain by mediating TRPA1 and TRPV1,and enhancing substance metabolism and losing weight by regulating the secretion of intestinal hormones (Ghrelin, GLP-1) and improving insulin resistance. The main active ingredient Cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo and easily oxidized to cinnamic acid. The toxicity of the two medicines and their components are relatively low. This paper reviews and analyses relative records in ancient literatures, traditional Chinese medicine cognition of their effects in treating paralysis, the achievements and problems of chemical,pharmacological,pharmacokinetic and toxicological researches in recent years, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for further research and application.

18.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1008251

RESUMO

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UPLC-QtrapMS) method was established to identify the metabolites in rat plasma,bile,urine and feces after oral administration of Cinnamomi Cortex(CC) aqueous extract. Several survey experiments,such as enhanced mass spectrum scan(EMS),precursor ion scan(PI),neutral loss scan(NL) and multiple ions monitoring(MIM) were applied to search target components,and two separate enhanced product ion(EPI) scans were triggered via information-dependent acquisition(IDA) method to generate the MS/MS spectra. According to the mass spectrometric data collected from reference standards and reported literature,the structures of metabolites were deduced. A total of76 metabolites and 5 original compounds were tentatively identified in rats after oral administration of CC aqueous extract. Deglycosylation,methylation,sulfonation,and glucuronidation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of CC. These data are able to benefit the clarification of the therapeutic material basis,the clinical usage and further R&D of CC.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Administração Oral , Bile , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Fezes , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
19.
Molecules ; 23(9)2018 Aug 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30200359

RESUMO

To rapidly clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of Cinnamomi cortex a reliable and feasible strategy of chromatographic fingerprinting with a suite of chemometrics methods was developed and validated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Furthermore, to identify more meaningful chemical markers, the chemometrics methods including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity, which all generate quality evaluations and correlation classifications of Cinnamomi cortex, were used to improve the Cinnamomi cortex quality control standards. A total of 12 characteristic peaks were confirmed, seven of which were identified by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with authentic compounds. Moreover, 11 analytes were accurately determined, as a complementary quantification method of chromatographic fingerprinting. For quantitative analyses, selective detection was performed at 254, 280 and 340 nm. The tested samples were separated and determined using UPLC and a series of methodologies including linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification and extraction recoveries were validated. Meanwhile the method bias for all the analytes did not exceed 5%. A total of 42 samples were acquired in China and analyzed. The results demonstrated that chromatographic fingerprinting in combination with chemometrics methods provides a promising and practical method to more effectively and comprehensively control the quality of Cinnamomi cortex from various sources, which would be a useful reference for the development and further study of Cinnamomi cortex and related formulations.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Análise por Conglomerados , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
20.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 43(5): 885-890, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29676083

RESUMO

To build the quality standard of processed Cinnamomi Cortex standard decoction and provide quality reference for Cinnamomi Cortex formula granules. Fourteen batches of Cinnamomi Cortex standard decoction pieces were prepared according to the preparation requirements for standard decoction of Chinese herbal medicine containing volatile oil. With cinnamaldehyde as the quantitative index, the transfer rate and extraction rate were calculated; pH value was determined and HPLC fingerprint analysis method was established. By the measurement of 14 batches of standard decoction, the transfer rate ranged from 25.0% to 68.4%; the extraction rate was at a range of 3.7% to 10.1% and pH was 3.72 to 5.48. Then the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2012A) was used to analyze and compare the fingerprints. Four common peaks were determined and three were identified including coumarin (peak 1), cinnamic acid (peak 2) and cinnamaldehyde (peak 3). Moreover, the similarity was 1.0. This study established an HPLC fingerprint analysis method of processed Cinnamomi Cortex standard decoction. The method showed good precision, stability and repeatability in fingerprint analysis, with significance in identification.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/normas , Óleos Voláteis/química , Controle de Qualidade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Óleos Voláteis/normas
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