Expression of bitter taste of Chinese materia medica and its application in clinical compatibility / 中草药

The connotation of traditional Chinese medicine, source, and medicinal parts of bitter-taste Chinese materia medica (CMM) were summarized. And authors analyzed the relationship between bitter taste and four properties, meridian entry and other herb property theory as well as chemical ingredients. Then, authors described the use of electronic tongue of modern bionic technology in material characterization of bitter taste, and proposed the idea to split and characterize bitter-taste CMM which is based on systematic chemical separation analysis method. Finally, authors explored the clinical applications of compatibility methods of bitter-taste CMM, which will provide the references to guide clinical applications of the theory of bitter-taste CMM better.

Expression of sweet-taste of Chinese materia medica and its application in clinical compatibility / 中草药

The connotation of traditional Chinese medicine and base resource of sweet-taste herbs were summarized. At the same time, the distribution between sweet-taste herbs and four properties, meridian entry, and other herb property theory was analyzed. Then, the gustatory receptor, taste representation, and research on material basis of sweet-taste herbs were elaborated. Finally, the clinical applications of compatibility methods of sweet herbs were described, which will provide the references to guide clinical applications of the theory of bitter-taste herbs better.

Expression of salt-taste herbs and their applications in clinical compatibility / 中草药

Authors summarized the connotation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory on the salty in five flavors of TCM and the distribution of base resource of salt-taste herbs. At the same time, the correlation between salt-taste and four properties, meridian, and other herb property theory was analyzed. Then, the authors elaborated the gustatory receptor, taste representation, and research of material basis of salt-taste. Finally, the authors described the clinical applications of compatibility methods of salt-taste herbs, which will provide the references to guide the clinical applications of the theory on salt-taste herbs better.

Buffer-free therapeutic antibody preparations provide a viable alternative to conventionally buffered solutions: from protein buffer capacity prediction to bioprocess applications.

Protein therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have significant buffering capacity, particularly at concentrations>50 mg/mL. This report addresses pH-related issues critical to adoption of self-buffered monoclonal antibody formulations. We evaluated solution conditions with protein concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/mL. Samples were both buffer-free and conventionally buffered with citrate. Samples were non-isotonic or adjusted for isotonicity with NaCl or trehalose. Studies included accelerated temperature stability tests, shaking stability studies, and pH changes in infusion media as protein concentrate is added. We present averaged buffering slopes of capacity that can be applied to any mAb and present a general method for calculating buffering capacity of buffer-free, highly concentrated antibody liquid formulations. In temperature stability tests, neither buffer-free nor conventionally buffered solution conditions showed significant pH changes. Conventionally buffered solutions showed significantly higher opalescence than buffer-free ones. In general, buffer-free solution conditions showed less aggregation than conventionally buffered solutions. Shaking stability tests showed no differences between buffer-free and conventionally buffered solutions. "In-use" preparation experiments showed that pH in infusion bag medium can rapidly approximate that of self-buffered protein concentrate as concentrate is added. In summary, the buffer capacity of proteins can be predicted and buffer-free therapeutic antibody preparations provide a viable alternative to conventionally buffered solutions.

Expression of pungent-taste herbs and their applications in clinical compatibility / 中草药

In this article, authors summarized the connotation of traditional Chinese medicine on the five tastes, analyzed the source of pungent-taste herbs, and reviewed the relationship of pungent-taste and nature of the herbs. Using bionic technology of electronic tongue and electronic nose together with chemical separation method, the investigation idea to express the sense of taste-smell and separation characterization of pungent-taste herbs was put forward. At last, we discussed the theory of the pungent herbs on the application in clinical compatibility

Expression of sour-taste properties of Chinese materia medica and their applications in clinical compatibility / 中草药

Authors presented the connection of concept, effect, source, and drug-properties of sour-taste in the five flavors of Chinese material medica (CMM) in this review. Bionic technology of electronic tongue and chemical analysis tools are used to study material basis of sour-taste. The study method of characterization pathway and separation was presented. And authors also discussed the clinical applications and compatibility of CMM with sour-taste, expanded the scope of clinical applications, and laid a foundation for the expression of sour-taste properties of CMM.