Neurobrucellosis: laboratory features, clinical characteristics, antibiotic treatment, and clinical outcomes of 21 patients.

BACKGROUND: Neurobrucellosis (NB) is a rare and serious complication of brucellosis. Its clinical manifestations vary, with no obvious specificity. At present, there is no clear clinical diagnosis or treatment for reference. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data for 21 patients with NB to provide reference data for its further study. METHODS: We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, cerebrospinal fluid, and treatment plans of 21 patients diagnosed with NB in the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China. RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 60 years old (mean age 40.1 ± 13.33 years), the male: female ratio was 4.25:1. Thirteen patients had a history of animal (sheep, cattle) contact, three had no history of animal contact, and the contact status of four was unknown. Brucella can invade various systems of the body and show multi-system symptoms, the main general manifestations were fever (66.67%), fatigue (57.14%) and functional urination or defecation disturbance (42.86%). The main nervous system manifestations were limb weakness (52.38%) and hearing loss (47.62%).The main positive signs of the nervous system included positive pathological signs (71.43%), sensory abnormalities (52.38%), limb paralysis (42.86%). Nervous system lesions mainly included spinal cord damage (66.67%), cranial nerve involvement (61.90%), central demyelination (28.57%) and meningitis (28.57%). In patients with cranial nerve involvement, 69.23% of auditory nerve, 15.38% of optic nerve and 15.38% of oculomotor nerve were involved. The blood of eight patients was cultured for Brucella, and three (37.5%) cultures were positive and five (63.5%) negative. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of eight patients was cultured for Brucella, and two (25.00%) cultures were positive and six (75.00%) negative. Nineteen of the patients underwent a serum agglutination test (SAT), 18 (94.74%) of whom were positive and one (5.26%) of whom were negative. A biochemical analysis of the CSF was performed in 21 patients, and the results were all abnormal. Nineteen patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-one patients were treated with doxycycline and/or rifampicin, combined with ceftriaxone, quinolone, aminoglycoside, or minocycline. After hospitalization, 15 patients improved (71.43%), two patients did not recover, and the status of four patients was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations, CSF parameters, and neurological imaging data for patients with NB show no significant specificity or correlations. When patients with unexplained neurological symptoms accompanied by fever, fatigue, and other systemic manifestations in a brucellosis epidemic area or with a history of contact with cattle, sheep, animals, or raw food are encountered in clinical practice, the possibility of NB should be considered. Treatment is based on the principles of an early, combined, and long course of treatment, and the general prognosis is good.

Short-Term Impact of Low-Intensity Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Mild Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A Pilot Study.

This pilot study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of low-intensity exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) on older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Fifteen patients with KOA who were over 50 years old, participated and underwent low-intensity resistance knee exercises at 30% of their one-repetition maximum with BFR three times/week for two weeks. Pre- and post-exercise assessments included pain levels, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, isokinetic knee strength, lower extremity muscle volume (via leg circumference and muscle thickness), functional performance tests (timed up-and-go [TUG] and sit-to-stand [STS]), skeletal muscle index (SMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and handgrip strength (HGS). Post-exercise, there was a significant reduction in pain. WOMAC scores showed significant improvements across all three domains: pain, stiffness, and physical function. In the TUG and STS tests, completion times were significantly reduced. Thigh and calf circumferences, as well as thigh muscle thickness significantly increased after exercise. Post-exercise SMI and HGS also significantly increased. However, isokinetic knee strength did not show significant changes. In conclusion, low-intensity BFR exercises provide immediate benefits in symptoms and physical performance for patients with KOA, potentially inducing local and systemic muscle mass increase, even after a short-term intervention.

[Clinical symptoms and distribution characteristics traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of pulmonary nodules].

A cross-sectional study method combined with two types of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation methods was adopted to investigate the clinical symptoms and distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes in patients with pulmonary nodules from the perspectives of number, size, nature, and stability of pulmonary nodules by using the χ~2 test, systematic clustering and Apriori algorithm correlation analysis. The common clinical symptoms of pulmonary nodules were fatigue(77.35%) and irritability(75.40%), and 40 symptoms were clustered into 3 groups(digestive system symptoms, respiratory system symptoms, and emotional and systemic symptoms) and 8 major symptom categories. The proportion of cold and heat in complexity syndrome(63.43%) was higher based on cold-heat syndrome differentiation. The top two syndromes were Qi deficiency syndrome(88.03%) and Qi depression syndrome(83.17%) based on disease syndrome differentiation. Yang deficiency syndrome(60.52%) was more than Yin deficiency syndrome(50.16%). There were higher proportions of phlegm syndrome(78.67%) and Yang deficiency syndrome(69.33%) of so-litary pulmonary nodules in terms of the number of pulmonary nodules. In terms of size, the proportion of phlegm syndrome decreased as the mean diameter of pulmonary nodules increased, while the proportions of Yang deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome increased. The distribution of Qi depression syndrome was more in those with mean diameter<10 mm(85.02%, P=0.044) and cold syndrome was more in those with mean diameter ≥10 mm(16.67%, P=0.024). In terms of the nature of pulmonary nodules, the proportions of Qi depression syndrome and heat syndrome decreased with the increase in solid components of pulmonary nodules, while the proportions of Yin deficiency syndrome and cold and heat in complexity syndrome increased. The blood stasis syndrome accounted for a higher proportion of pulmonary nodules with solid components. In terms of the stability of pulmonary nodules, dampness syndrome(72.97%), blood stasis syndrome(37.84%), and cold and heat in complexity syndrome(70.27%) accounted for higher proportions. In addition, patients with new nodules presented higher proportions in Qi inversion syndrome(52.00%, P=0.007) and cold and heat in complexity syndrome(66.00%, P=0.008). Meanwhile, 11 syndromes were associated and 4 common compound syndromes were obtained(Qi deficiency and depression syndrome, Qi depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome, Qi deficiency and phlegm coagulation syndrome, and Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome). Qi deficiency syndrome and Qi depression syndrome could be associated with other syndromes. The results show that the main clinical symptoms of pulmonary nodules are fatigue and irritability. The main TCM syndromes of pulmonary nodules are Qi deficiency syndrome, Qi depression syndrome, Yang deficiency syndrome, and cold and heat in complexity syndrome. The distribution of TCM syndromes is significantly correlated with the size of pulmonary nodules and the presence or absence of new nodules. The common compound syndromes are Qi deficiency and depression syndrome, Qi depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome, Qi deficiency and phlegm coagulation syndrome, and Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome.

Attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic measures and clinical symptom severity in schizophrenia patients: a preliminary cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The study aim was to compare clinical symptom severity and quality of life (QoL) among schizophrenia patients according to their attitudes toward pandemic measures and reported lockdown-related disruption. METHODS: Patients with schizophrenia attending follow-up sessions at two community mental health centers were included in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients were assessed using a standardized form and the following psychometric instruments: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Heinrich-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale and Clinical Global Impressions Ratings-Severity scale. Patients were grouped according to their attitudes toward pandemic measures (positive attitudes or non-positive attitudes). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in sociodemographic and clinical variables, clinical symptom severity or QoL between schizophrenia patients with positive attitudes and those without positive attitudes toward pandemic measures. Guilt feelings and trait anxiety levels were positively related to lockdown-related disruption. CONCLUSIONS: Positive attitudes toward pandemic measures may be affected by factors other than the sociodemographic and clinical status of schizophrenia patients. It is important that such factors are assessed in future studies to better manage pandemic-related challenges among schizophrenia patients.

Evaluating the clinical utility of speech analysis and machine learning in schizophrenia: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that significantly impacts social functioning and quality of life. However, current diagnostic methods lack objective biomarker support. While some studies have indicated differences in audio features between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, these findings are influenced by demographic information and variations in experimental paradigms. Therefore, it is crucial to explore stable and reliable audio biomarkers for an auxiliary diagnosis and disease severity prediction of schizophrenia. METHOD: A total of 130 individuals (65 patients with schizophrenia and 65 healthy controls) read three fixed texts containing positive, neutral, and negative emotions, and recorded them. All audio signals were preprocessed and acoustic features were extracted by a librosa-0.9.2 toolkit. Independent sample t-tests were performed on two sets of acoustic features, and Pearson correlation on the acoustic features and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores of the schizophrenia group. Classification algorithms in scikit-learn were used to diagnose schizophrenia and predict the level of negative symptoms. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the two groups in the mfcc_8, mfcc_11, and mfcc_33 of mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between mfcc_7 and the negative PANSS scores. Through acoustic features, we could not only differentiate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls with an accuracy of 0.815 but also predict the grade of the negative symptoms in schizophrenia with an average accuracy of 0.691. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated the considerable potential of acoustic characteristics as reliable biomarkers for diagnosing schizophrenia and predicting clinical symptoms.

Does Physical Activity Affect Clinical Symptoms and the Quality of Life of Mild-Infected Individuals with COVID-19 in China? A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have identified the links between physical activity (PA), clinical symptoms, and the quality of life (QoL) among mildly infected individuals with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate how PA levels before infections affect the infectious symptoms and the QoL in mildly infected patients with COVID-19. METHODS: An online questionnaire link including participants' sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, clinical symptoms during the COVID-19 infectious period, the QoL of the worst symptomatic day, and PA in the last seven days before COVID-19 infections was disclosed. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to assess the relationships between PA levels in the last seven days before infections and COVID-19-related outcomes. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the low-PA-level group, the moderate-PA-level group presented a higher risk of headaches (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.75, and p = 0.03) and the high-PA-level group presented a higher risk of muscle/body aches (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.93, and p = 0.03). The adjusted linear regression analysis showed that no associations were found between PA levels in the last seven days before infections and the QoL index value on the worst symptomatic day (moderate-PA-level group: ß = -0.04, and p = 0.08; high-PA-level group: ß = -0.04, and p = 0.17). However, for the mobility and usual activities dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, the lower-PA-level group had a lower burden of QoL than the higher-PA-level group did on the worst-symptomatic day. CONCLUSIONS: Among mildly infected patients with COVID-19, a higher PA level is associated with a higher risk of experiencing clinical symptoms and a lower QoL.

Refractory Hypotension in a Late-Onset Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes (MELAS) Male with m.3243 A>G Mutation: A Case Report.

(1) Introduction: Symptom spectrum can be of great diversity and heterogeneity in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) patients in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of MELAS presenting asymptomatic refractory hypotension with m.3243 A>G mutation. (2) Case representation: A 51-year-old male patient presented with a headache, vertigo, and difficulty in expression and understanding. The magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an acute stroke-like lesion involving the left temporoparietal lobe. A definitive diagnosis of MELAS was given after the genetic test identified the chrM-3243 A>G mutation. The patient suffered recurrent stroke-like episodes in the 1-year follow-up. Notably, refractory hypotension was observed during hospitalizations, and no significant improvement in blood pressure was found after continuous use of vasopressor drugs and fluid infusion therapy. (3) Conclusions: We report a case of refractory hypotension which was unresponsive to fluid infusion therapy found in a patient with MELAS. Our case suggests that comprehensive management should be paid attention to during treatment. A further study on the pathological mechanism of the multisystem symptoms in MELAS would be beneficial to the treatment of patients.

Jinlida granules combined with metformin improved the standard-reaching rate of blood glucose and clinical symptoms of patients with type 2 diabetes: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previous studies found that Jinlida granules could significantly reduce blood glucose levels and enhance the low-glucose action of metformin. However, the role of Jinlida in the standard-reaching rate of blood glucose and improving clinical symptoms has yet to be studied. We aimed to elaborate on the efficacy of Jinlida in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients who experience clinical symptoms based on secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Data were analyzed from a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study of Jinlida. The standard-reaching rate of blood glucose, the symptom disappearance rate, the symptom improvement rate, the efficacy of single symptoms, and the total symptom score were evaluated. The correlation between HbA1c and the improvement of clinical symptoms was analyzed. Results: For 12 weeks straight, 192 T2D patients were randomly assigned to receive either Jinlida or a placebo. The treatment group showed statistically significant differences in the standard-reaching rate of HbA1c < 6.5% (p = 0.046) and 2hPG (< 10 mmol/L, 11.1 mmol/L) (p < 0.001), compared with the control group. The standard-reaching rate of HbA1c < 7% (p = 0.06) and FBG < 7.0 mmol/L (p = 0.079) were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups. Five symptoms exhibited a statistical difference in symptom disappearance rate (p < 0.05). All the symptoms exhibited a significant difference in symptom improvement rate (p < 0.05). The mean change in total symptom score from baseline to week 12 was -5.45 ± 3.98 in the treatment group and -2.38 ± 3.11 in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were noted between symptom improvement and HbA1c after 12 weeks of continuous intervention with Jinlida granules or placebo. Conclusion: Jinlida granules can effectively improve the standard-reaching rate of blood glucose and clinical symptoms of T2D patients, including thirst, fatigue, increased eating with rapid hungering, polyuria, dry mouth, spontaneous sweating, night sweat, vexing heat in the chest, palms, and soles, and constipation. Jinlida granules can be used as an effective adjuvant treatment for T2D patients who experience those symptoms.

A descriptive study of the clinical impacts on COVID-19 survivors using telemonitoring (The TeleCOVID Study).

Background: There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 survivors are at increased risk of experiencing a wide range of cardiovascular complications post infection; however, there are no validated models or clear guidelines for remotely monitoring the cardiac health of COVID-19 survivors. Objective: This study aims to test a virtual, in-home healthcare monitoring model of care for detection of clinical symptoms and impacts on COVID-19 survivors. It also aims to demonstrate system usability and feasibility. Methods: This open label, prospective, descriptive study was conducted in South Western Sydney. Included in the study were patients admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between June 2021 and November 2021. Eligible participants after consent were provided with a pulse oximeter to measure oxygen saturation and a S-Patch EX to monitor their electrocardiogram (ECG) for a duration of 3 months. Data was transmitted in real-time to a mobile phone via Bluetooth technology and results were sent to the study team via a cloud-based platform. All the data was reviewed in a timely manner by the investigator team, for post COVID-19 related symptoms, such as reduction in oxygen saturation and arrhythmia. Outcome measure: This study was designed for feasibility in real clinical setting implementation, enabling the study team to develop and utilise a virtual, in-home healthcare monitoring model of care to detect post COVID-19 clinical symptoms and impacts on COVID-19 survivors. Results: During the study period, 23 patients provided consent for participation. Out of which 19 patients commenced monitoring. Sixteen patients with 81 (73.6%) valid tests were included in the analysis and amongst them seven patients were detected by artificial intelligence to have cardiac arrhythmias but not clinically symptomatic. The patients with arrhythmias had a higher occurrence of supraventricular ectopy, and most of them took at least 2 tests before detection. Notably, patients with arrhythmia had significantly more tests than those without [t-test, t (13) = 2.29, p < 0.05]. Conclusions: Preliminary observations have identified cardiac arrhythmias on prolonged cardiac monitoring in 7 out of the first 16 participants who completed their 3 months follow-up. This has allowed early escalation to their treating doctors for further investigations and early interventions.

Correlation between duration of untreated psychosis and long-term prognosis in chronic schizophrenia.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) and long-term clinical outcome, cognitive and social function in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods: A total of 248 subjects with chronic SCZ were enrolled in this study, including 156 in the short DUP group and 92 in the long DUP group. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were used to assess all of the subjects. Results: The negative symptom scores (the PANSS and BNSS) of subjects with long DUP were significantly higher than that in subjects with short DUP. The scores of visual span and speech function in the short DUP group were significantly higher, indicative of decreasing cognitive function with time. In terms of social function, the short DUP group scored higher, with a statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, we found that the length of DUP was positively correlated with the negative symptom score of the PANSS, negatively correlated with visual span scores, and GAF scores. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the DUP remained a significant association with negative symptom and cognition in long period of chronic SCZ.

Internal carotid artery dissection with different interventions and outcomes: two case reports.

Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is a rare disease and an important cause of stroke in young patients. The presentation of ICAD is variable and atypical. We have used three-dimensional T1-weighted volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition to help diagnose ICAD. ICAD should be considered in young patients presenting with relevant symptoms in an emergency setting. We herein report ICAD with an unexplained onset in two patients. Neither had a history of large or small cervical trauma, but both had a history of hypertension. The first patient was a 33-year-old man who presented with upper extremity numbness and mobility impairment, and the second patient was a 40-year-old man with onset of visual impairment. There were no obvious triggers in either case. Both patients were diagnosed with ICAD by blood vessel examination. However, their prognoses differed. The first patient recovered after endovascular therapy, whereas the second patient was successfully managed with medical treatment. ICAD can cause different symptoms depending on where the dissection occurs. Clinicians must be aware of the different clinical manifestations of ICAD, make the correct diagnosis in a timely manner, make appropriate treatment plans according to the patient's condition, and strive for timely recanalization of the blood vessels.

Incidence and Characteristics of Clinical L5-S1 Adjacent Segment Degeneration after L5 Floating Lumbar Fusion: A Multicenter Study.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for clinical L5-S1 adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after L5 floating lumbar fusion. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: ASD is known to occur after lumbar spine fusion at a certain frequency. Several studies on radiological L5- S1 ASD have been reported. However, there are only a few studies on L5-S1 ASD with clinical symptoms, including back pain and/or radiculopathy. METHODS: In total, 306 patients who received L5 floating lumbar fusion were included in this study. Clinical L5-S1 ASD was defined as newly developed radiculopathy in relation to the L5-S1 segment. Patients' medical records and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors for clinical ASD were assessed by an inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Clinical L5-S1 ASD occurred in 17 patients (5.6%). The mean onset time of L5-S1 ASD was 12.9±7.5 months after the primary surgery. Among these patients, 10 (58.8%) presented with clinical L5-S1 ASD within 12 months. Reoperation was performed in three patients (1.0%). The severity of L5-S1 disk degeneration did not affect the occurrence of L5-S1 ASD. Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of fusion levels was a significant risk factor for clinical L5-S1 ASD. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and characteristics of clinical L5-S1 ASD after L5 floating lumbar fusion were retrospectively investigated. This study established that the number of fusion levels was a significant candidate factor for clinical L5-S1 ASD. Careful clinical follow-up is deemed necessary after L5 floating lumbar fusion surgery, especially for patients who received multiple-level fusions.

Insomnia in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia: prevalence, clinical correlates and relationship with cognitive impairment.

PURPOSE: Insomnia is a major public health concern that often occurs in patients with schizophrenia, complicating the treatment and prognosis of patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its relationship with cognitive function in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: We recruited patients with schizophrenia and collected their clinical and demographic data. Insomnia data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire consisting of three questions. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to measure psychopathological symptoms, while the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) was used to measure cognitive performance. RESULTS: Of 957 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia 20.2% reported having insomnia (193/957). Male patients (107/630, 17.0%) had a lower rate of insomnia than female patients (86/327, 26.3%) (x2 = 11.60, p = 0.001). Patients with insomnia exhibited significantly higher PANSS total score and positive symptom, negative symptom, and general psychopathology scores, but significantly lower RBANS total score, language, attention and delayed memory scores compared to patients without insomnia (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, high PANSS total score and the use of diazepam were independently associated with insomnia (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia is relatively common in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Some demographic data and clinical symptoms are associated with insomnia. Patients with schizophrenia and insomnia perform poorly on cognition tests suggesting that insomnia and cognitive function are closely related in patients with schizophrenia.

Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: It is generally recognized that there are sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 957 patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were recruited in this cross-sectional study (male/female = 630/327). Demographic, clinical, and insomnia data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate the status of blood lipids. Psychopathological symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: The prevalence rate of insomnia in female patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than that in male patients (17.3% for males and 26.3% for females; χ2 = 10.74, p = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that in male patients, insomnia was independently associated with severe PANSS positive symptoms, severe PANSS depressive factor, and high levels of low-density lipoprotein levels, while in female patients, insomnia was associated with low education level, high PANSS depressive factor, and high levels of apolipoprotein B levels. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates that insomnia is more frequent in female than male schizophrenia patients, and that there are differences in the clinical correlates of insomnia by sex, suggesting that sex differences should be considered in prevention and treatment strategies for coexisting insomnia in schizophrenia patients.

Ontology characterization, enrichment analysis, and similarity calculation-based evaluation of disease-syndrome-formula associations by applying SoFDA.

Clinical symptom-based diagnosis and therapy play a crucial role in personalized medicine and drug discovery. The syndromes, distinctive groups of clinical symptoms summarized by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories and clinical experiences, are used as the core diagnostic criteria and therapeutic guidance in TCM. However, there is still a lack of standardized data, information, and intrinsic molecular basis to help TCM syndromes better classify diseases and guide tailored medications. To address this problem, we built the first integrated web platform, SoFDA (http://www.tcmip.cn/Syndrome/front/), with a curated ontology of 319 TCM syndromes, 8045 diseases, and 1359 TCM herbal formulas and their relationships with genes, diseases, and formulas. This platform proposed an association measurement by calculating Jaccard/Cosine similarities between TCM syndromes and their related biomedical entities with case and control validations. On this basis, the SoFDA platform enables biomedical and pharmaceutical scientists to rank and filter the most promising associations for disease diagnosis and tailored interventions. Conversely, the targeted gene sets and symptom sets can also be associated with TCM syndromes, formulas, and diseases for function illustration. Notably, SoFDA explores the multi-way associations among diseases, TCM syndromes, symptom genes, herbal formulas, drug targets, and pathways in heterogeneous biomedical networks with lots of customization. The protocol here implements all the analyses above using the SoFDA platform. Collectively, SoFDA may provide insights into the biological basis of disease-specific TCM syndromes and the underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as a tailored treatment for single or multiple symptoms within a syndrome.

Analysis of adverse events following immunization of adsorbed acellular DPT vaccine at different vaccination sites / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the occurrence of suspected adverse events following immunization （AEFI） after changing the priority vaccination sites of the adsorbed acellular diphtherior-pertussis-tetanus vaccine （hereinafter referred to as DPT vaccine）， so as to provide scientific basis for mass vaccination. MethodsMonitoring data of AEFI for the DPT vaccine in Wujiang District from September 2020 to August 2022 were collected from China's disease prevention and control information system， and the vaccination information of DPT vaccine in all children's vaccination clinics in Wujiang District during the same period was selected. The incidence of AEFI for the DPT vaccine was analyzed and compared. ResultsThe reported incidence of AEFI was significantly lower in the buttocks than that in other sites （P<0.05）. The reported incidence of AEFI was significantly higher in booster immunization than that in basic immunization （P<0.05）. After inoculation at different sites， the main clinical symptoms of AEFI were local redness and swelling. There were significant differences in the incidence of local redness and swelling， local induration， pruritus and other symptoms （lethargy， abnormal crying， etc.） （P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the severity of local redness and swelling in different sites （P<0.05）. The degree of redness and swelling in the anterolateral thigh was lower than that in other sites （P<0.05）. The local strong reaction of swelling （>5.0 cm） in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm was significantly higher than that in the buttocks （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe DPT vaccine is safe in different parts of the body and is worth popularizing.

Challenges and strategies in depression research / 四川精神卫生

Depression constitutes the most common mental disorder with high prevalence rate， and is the leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Many factors are found to influence the development of depression， whereas either reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis or diagnostic criteria for subtype classification currently exist for depression. Therefore， this paper gives a detailed discussion on the current status and existing challenges of depression research in the context of brain imaging， psychoneuroimmunology and electroencephalography， thus providing a new perspective for research directions and future strategies related to depression.

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Yiwu City / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cases with pertussis in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into pertussis diagnosis and control.@*Methods@#A total of 186 patients with definitive diagnosis of pertussis in medical institutions in Yiwu City from November 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022 were recruited, and subjects' demographic, clinical symptoms and history of pertussis vaccination were collected using questionnaire surveys. The temporal, population, and spatial distribution and clinical symptoms of pertussis were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method, and the clinical characteristics of pertussis patients with different doses of pertussis vaccination were compared.@*Results@#Pertussis was found to predominantly occur during the period between July and November (101 cases, 54.30%), and the three highest-incidence regions included Jiangdong Street, Beiyuan Street and Choujiang Street (87 cases, 46.77%). The 186 pertussis cases included 105 males (56.45%) and 81 females (43.55%), and included 144 cases with age of onset under 7 year (77.42%). Preschool and diaspora children were predominant among all pertussis cases, and the main clinical symptoms included spasmodic cough (97 cases, 52.15%), post-tussive vomiting (82 cases, 44.09%) and aggravated cough at night (77 cases, 41.40%). Routine blood tests measured 119 cases with abnormal white blood cell counts (63.98%), 137 cases with abnormal lymphocyte counts (73.66%), 39 cases with abnormal neutrophil counts (20.97%), 21 cases with abnormal platelet counts (11.29%) and 111 cases with abnormal hemoglobin concentrations (59.68%). There were 55 cases that were unvaccinated (29.57%), 23 cases that were not fully vaccinated (12.37%), and 108 cases that were fully vaccinated (58.06%). There were significant differences among pertussis cases with different doses of vaccination in terms of age, incidence of post-tussive vomiting, percentage of abnormal platelet counts and percentage of hemoglobin concentrations (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The majority of pertussis cases are preschool and diaspora children in Yiwu City from November 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022, and the clinical symptoms mainly include spasmodic cough, post-tussive vomiting and aggravated cough at night, with atypical symptoms. The capability for differential diagnosis of pertussis is required to be improved in medical institutions.

Clinical symptoms and distribution characteristics traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of pulmonary nodules / 中国中药杂志

A cross-sectional study method combined with two types of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation methods was adopted to investigate the clinical symptoms and distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes in patients with pulmonary nodules from the perspectives of number, size, nature, and stability of pulmonary nodules by using the χ~2 test, systematic clustering and Apriori algorithm correlation analysis. The common clinical symptoms of pulmonary nodules were fatigue(77.35%) and irritability(75.40%), and 40 symptoms were clustered into 3 groups(digestive system symptoms, respiratory system symptoms, and emotional and systemic symptoms) and 8 major symptom categories. The proportion of cold and heat in complexity syndrome(63.43%) was higher based on cold-heat syndrome differentiation. The top two syndromes were Qi deficiency syndrome(88.03%) and Qi depression syndrome(83.17%) based on disease syndrome differentiation. Yang deficiency syndrome(60.52%) was more than Yin deficiency syndrome(50.16%). There were higher proportions of phlegm syndrome(78.67%) and Yang deficiency syndrome(69.33%) of so-litary pulmonary nodules in terms of the number of pulmonary nodules. In terms of size, the proportion of phlegm syndrome decreased as the mean diameter of pulmonary nodules increased, while the proportions of Yang deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome increased. The distribution of Qi depression syndrome was more in those with mean diameter<10 mm(85.02%, P=0.044) and cold syndrome was more in those with mean diameter ≥10 mm(16.67%, P=0.024). In terms of the nature of pulmonary nodules, the proportions of Qi depression syndrome and heat syndrome decreased with the increase in solid components of pulmonary nodules, while the proportions of Yin deficiency syndrome and cold and heat in complexity syndrome increased. The blood stasis syndrome accounted for a higher proportion of pulmonary nodules with solid components. In terms of the stability of pulmonary nodules, dampness syndrome(72.97%), blood stasis syndrome(37.84%), and cold and heat in complexity syndrome(70.27%) accounted for higher proportions. In addition, patients with new nodules presented higher proportions in Qi inversion syndrome(52.00%, P=0.007) and cold and heat in complexity syndrome(66.00%, P=0.008). Meanwhile, 11 syndromes were associated and 4 common compound syndromes were obtained(Qi deficiency and depression syndrome, Qi depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome, Qi deficiency and phlegm coagulation syndrome, and Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome). Qi deficiency syndrome and Qi depression syndrome could be associated with other syndromes. The results show that the main clinical symptoms of pulmonary nodules are fatigue and irritability. The main TCM syndromes of pulmonary nodules are Qi deficiency syndrome, Qi depression syndrome, Yang deficiency syndrome, and cold and heat in complexity syndrome. The distribution of TCM syndromes is significantly correlated with the size of pulmonary nodules and the presence or absence of new nodules. The common compound syndromes are Qi deficiency and depression syndrome, Qi depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome, Qi deficiency and phlegm coagulation syndrome, and Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome.

A preliminary study of radioulnar wrist compression in improving patient-reported outcomes of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Previous studies have shown radioulnar wrist compression augments carpal arch space. This study investigated the effects of radioulnar wrist compression on patient-reported outcomes associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Subjects underwent thrice-daily (15 min each time 45 min daily) wrist compression over 4 weeks with an additional four weeks of follow-up without treatment. Primary outcomes included Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire symptom and functional severity scales (SSS and FSS) and symptoms of numbness/tingling based on Visual Analog Scales. Our results showed that radioulnar wrist compression improved SSS by 0.55 points after 2 weeks (p < 0.001) and 0.51 points at 4 weeks (p < 0.006) compared to the baseline scale. At the four-week follow-up, SSS remined improved at 0.47 points (p < 0.05). Symptoms of numbness/tingling improved at two and 4 weeks, as well as the follow-up (p < 0.05). Hand motor impairment such as weakness had a lower frequency across carpal tunnel syndrome sufferers and does not significantly improve (p > 0.05). Radioulnar wrist compression might be an effective alternative treatment in improving sensory related symptoms in patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.