Corrigendum: Long-term oncologic outcomes following breast cancer surgery in adolescents and young adults: a single-center retrospective analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1364608.].

Alterations and clinical value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors in paragangliomas.

OBJECTIVES: Given the pivotal role of immune and inflammatory responses in tumor patients, the present study aimed to explore alterations and the clinical value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors in pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs). METHODS: The clinical data of 327 patients, including 102 patients with metastatic PPGLs, were retrospectively analysed. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Relationships between immune and inflammatory parameters and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated by intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify metastatic indicators. The corresponding nomogram was constructed and evaluated for discrimination and calibration. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 45.0 years, and duration of follow-up was 3.0 years. Compared with those in younger patients (<45.0 years), most lymphocyte subsets were significantly reduced in older patients (≥45 years) (P<0.05). The count of lymphocytes, CD3+T cells and CD4+T cells were negatively correlated with 24h-urinary epinephrine and plasma metanephrine levels (R=-0.2∼-0.1, P<0.05). In addition, patients with lymph node (n=37) or bone metastases (n=41) had a lower percentage of CD4+T cells (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that CD3+T cell≥1446.50/µl, CD4+T cell%<39.95%, CD8+T cell%<24.95%, CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio<2.88, B cell%≥8.65%, TNF-alpha<12.45pg/ml, IL8<30.50pg/ml and PLT≥269.50*109/L were significant indicators of metastatic PPGLs. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.800 (95% CI: 0.736-0.865). CONCLUSIONS: Immunesenescence, characterized by immune dysfunction with aging, was observed in PPGLs. Higher epinephrine and metanephrine levels might impair host's immune response. Monitoring changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines could indicate patients' conditions, especially the occurrence of metastasis.

The Expression and Clinicopathological Significance of BRAF V600E and Mucin 6 in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Aim. The study aims to explore the expression levels and clinicopathological significance of BRAF V600E and mucin 6 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Method. Immunohistochemistry for BRAF V600E and mucin 6 was performed in 110 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Subsequently, a comprehensive review of medical records and clinicopathological analysis was undertaken. Results. BRAF V600E expression was detected in 11 patients (10%); mucin 6 expression was observed in 19 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma specimens (17%). Thereafter, Cox regression models indicated that positive expression of either MUC6 positive (hazard ratio = 0.091, 95% confidence interval = 0.034-0.247, P < .001) and BRAF V600E positive (hazard ratio =0.150, 95% confidence interval = 0.058-0.388, P < .001) was significantly linked with longer overall survival for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Conclusion. The study concludes that positive expression of BRAF V600E and mucin 6 could potentially implied significant survival benefits for patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Prognostic value of baseline clinicopathological characteristics in first-line chemotherapy ± immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The integration of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has been adopted in clinical practice, yet the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is variable, benefiting only a fraction of patients. The current absence of reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response and prognosis represents a significant gap in knowledge, hindering the optimization of patient stratification and treatment planning. This retrospective cohort study aims to assess the potential predictive and prognostic significance of clinicopathological baseline features in ES-SCLC patients. Methods: Our study retrospectively analyzed the data of consecutive patients with ES-SCLC treated with first-line etoposide plus platinum chemotherapy ± immunotherapy at The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from April 2017 to April 2023. Data on clinical information, serum laboratory indicators, pathological immunohistochemical markers, and progression-free survival (PFS) times were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to determine whether these indicators could serve as independent prognostic factors for PFS. Further, potential predictive markers for treatment efficacy were identified using a Cox regression model that incorporated an interaction term between treatment modality and the indicator. Results: A total of 121 patients with ES-SCLC were enrolled in the study, of whom 62 received chemotherapy alone, and 59 received chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy. Compared to chemotherapy alone, the addition of immunotherapy to first-line chemotherapy significantly extended the PFS time [P<0.001; hazard ratio (HR) =0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28, 0.64] of the ES-SCLC patients. The multivariate analysis revealed that an immunochemotherapy regimen (P<0.001, HR =0.40; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.68), a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of >1.8 mmol/L (P=0.02; HR =0.41; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.85) were independent prognostic factors of favorable PFS in the first-line treatment of all ES-SCLC, while a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of >273 U/L (P=0.04; HR =1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.07), a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentration of >102.6 ng/mL (P=0.009; HR =6.49; 95% CI: 1.60, 26.32), an apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) concentration of >0.9 g/L (P<0.001; HR =4.15; 95% CI: 1.98, 8.71), and an apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentration of >0.8 g/L (P=0.002; HR =2.24; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.75) were independent prognostic factors of poorer PFS. Further, the interaction effect analysis demonstrated that an LDL level of >1.8 mmol/L and the absence of bone metastasis were potential predictors of an improved response to ICI therapy compared to chemotherapy alone. Conclusions: This study showed the survival benefit of receiving a chemoimmunotherapy regimen as the first-line treatment in a real-world scenario. It also suggests the prognostic significance of pre-treatment LDL, LDH, NSE, ApoA1, and ApoB with optimal cut-off values in the first-line treatment of all ES-SCLC, and the potential utility of baseline LDL level or the presence of bone metastasis in guiding first-line treatment strategies.

Prevalence and impact of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in non-metastatic breast cancer women at initial diagnosis: a cross-sectional study in China.

PURPOSE: The epidemiologic data of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in breast cancer (BC) patients remains limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of hepatic steatosis (HS) and MAFLD in Chinese BC women at initial diagnosis. METHODS: 3217 non-metastatic primary BC women with MAFLD evaluation indexes at initial diagnosis and 32,170 age-matched (in a 1:10 ratio) contemporaneous health check-up women were enrolled. RESULTS: The prevalence of HS (21.5% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.013) and MAFLD (20.8% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in BC women than in health check-ups, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of HS/MAFLD among elderly BC women (≥ 60 years) was significantly higher than the health check-ups (38.7%/37.6% vs 31.9%/30.8%), respectively. In BC women with HS/MAFLD, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was up to 85.7%/88.6%, dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure were 63.2%/63.7% and 59.7%/61.7%, respectively. No statistical significance of the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) and Ki67 were found between BC women with HS/MAFLD and BC women without HS/MAFLD. After adjustment, BC women with HS showed significantly higher risk of lymph node metastasis than BC women without HS. Subjects with HS/MAFLD had higher risks of overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, hyperuricemia, and elevated enzymes than those without HS/MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with health check-ups, BC patients have higher prevalence of HS/MAFLD. HS/MAFLD coexist with high prevalence of metabolic complications, and the risk of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in BC women with HS than in BC women without HS.

A retrospective analysis suggests PTEN expression is associated with favorable clinicopathological features of breast cancer.

The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, crucial for cell growth and survival. Mutations or loss of PTEN are common in breast cancer, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Understanding PTEN's role is vital for targeted therapies. 276 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue blocks from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed for PTEN expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify and assess tumor related clinicopathological characteristics as well as patient demographics. These were statistically matched with PTEN expression. Only 27.5% of the breast cancer tumors were PTEN-positive. PTEN expression correlated significantly with smaller tumor size, lower tumor grade, positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and favorable/unfavorable Ki67 status (p < 0.001). No significant association was found with vascular invasion, histologic type, age, HER2 status, staging, or lymph node involvement (p > 0.05). The study confirms PTEN's association with favorable clinicopathological features in breast cancer, supporting its role as a prognostic marker. These findings underscore the importance of PTEN in breast cancer biology and its potential as a therapeutic target. Furthermore these findings confirm the prevalence of advanced stage and aggressive breast cancer tumors in Ghana.

Comprehensive analysis of clinicopathological characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from oral submucous fibrosis: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from oral submucous fibrosis is recognized as a clinicopathologically distinct disease. This study aims to summarize and compare the population and clinicopathologic characteristics of OSCC-OSF with other OSCC in Hunan Province, China. The objective is to formulate treatment strategies more in line with regional characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective review of OSCC cases recruited from the Second Xiangya Hospital from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. A total of 1,413 OSCC patients were selected, including 481 patients with OSCC-OSF and 932 were other OSCC. Population characteristics, risk factors and clinicopathological manifestations were explored in OSCC-OSF and other OSCC, as well as thinprep cytologic test and DNA quantification. RESULTS: We found that OSCC-OSF patients were younger than those with other OSCC. Both types of disease were predominantly observed in males compared to females. Tumor biopsy analysis indicated that tumor cells within OSCC-OSF patients were more likely to be well differentiated and showed a higher frequency of lymph node metastases. Clinicopathological factors, such as the chewing betel nuts habit and smoking, were more prevalent in OSCC-OSF patients in contrast to other OSCC. DNA quantification revealed that the number of DNA aneuploid cells was higher in OSCC-OSF compared to other OSCCs. CONCLUSION: In this study, OSCC-OSF is considered a clinicopathologically distinct disease. Compared with other OSCC, OSCC-OSF patients have a higher incidence of nodal metastases, an early clinical TNM stage, and a lower three-year survival rate. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving the prognosis of OSCC-OSF.

HER2 expression in upper tract urothelial carcinoma and the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics-an analysis of 155 patients in Southwest China.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the expression of HER2 in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Southwest China by using a relatively large cohort, and to determine the relationship between HER2 expression and clinicopathological characters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled the clinical data of 155 UTUC patients who have undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) from March 2019 to September 2022. HER2 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and scored according to the HercepTest (Scores of 0 or 1 + were considered as negative and 2 + or 3 + as positive). Tumor molecular phenotype was classified by the panel of CK20, CK5/6, and CD44. RESULTS: HER2 was overexpressed in 55 (35.5%) patients. It was associated with pathologic characteristics such as grade (p = 0.017), tumor molecular phenotype (p < 0.001) and Ki-67 expression (p = 0.017). On univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, HER2 overexpression remained associated with higher grade (HR, 10.6; 95% CI 1.0-112.6; p = 0.050) and luminal molecular phenotype (HR, 8.0; 95% CI 1,6-38.4; p = 0.010). During disease progression after nephroureterectomy, the phenotype of the tumor might change and a switch phenomenon in phenotype after recurrence in the bladder was reported. CONCLUSION: According to our study, in Southwest China, one-third of UTUC patients overexpressed HER2. Tumors with high grade or luminal phenotype tended to be HER2 positive. HER2 may represent a promising target for therapy in UTUC.

Predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant treatment in invasive breast cancer with different human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subcategories.

Background: Among human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients who receive anti-HER2 treatment, a noteworthy correlation between pathological complete response (pCR) and longer survival has been observed. The rate of pCR varies with the tumor's degree of HER2 protein expression. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations between clinicopathological characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, and pCR in breast cancer with different HER2 subcategories. Methods: A total of 281 invasive breast cancer patients diagnosed with HER2-positivity were included. HER2-positive translated to immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+ or IHC 2+/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)(+). All enrolled patients underwent baseline MRI examination and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, dual anti-HER2 therapy, and subsequent therapeutic surgery from January 2021 to May 2022. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effects of covariates on pCR. Results: Compared to the IHC 2+/FISH(+) group, patients with IHC 3+ tumors had a higher pCR rate (58.1% vs. 26.7%, P<0.001), clinical stage (58.6% vs. 40%, P=0.038), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (0.96 vs. 0.88 mm2/s, P=0.004), and were more likely to be estrogen receptor (ER) negative (55.9% vs. 31.1%, P=0.002) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative (72.5% vs. 46.7%, P=0.001). In both groups, univariate analysis showed that the pCR group more often had ER-negative and PR-negative status than the non-pCR group (P<0.001). The final multivariable analysis showed that ER-negativity was associated with pCR in the IHC 2+/FISH(+) group (P=0.004). ER-negativity and the longest diameter were two independent predictors of pCR in the IHC 3+ group (P<0.001 for ER, P=0.026 for longest diameter). Conclusions: The IHC 3+ group had a higher pCR rate than the IHC 2+/FISH(+) group. Along with clinicopathological characteristics, MRI parameters were supplemental predictors of pCR, particularly in IHC 3+ patients.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis analysis of proximal colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer. Previous studies have confirmed the poor prognosis of rectal or left-sided colon MAC, while the prognosis and response to chemotherapy in proximal colon MAC remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, response to chemotherapy, and risk prediction factors of proximal colon MAC. Patients with proximal colon MAC and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC) were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The analyzed variables included gender, age, smoking, drinking, chemotherapy, metastasis, pathological stage, and tumor size. Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the impact of mucinous subtype and chemotherapy on OS. We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to determine prognosis factors for proximal colon MAC and NMAC. A total of 284 cases of proximal colon MAC and 1384 cases of NMAC were included in the study. Compared to NMAC, proximal colon MAC was diagnosed at a younger age. The proportion of synchronous and metachronous metastasis was also higher, as well as the pathological stage and tumor size. Proximal colon MAC had a worse prognosis than NMAC, especially in stage 3. Moreover, the prognosis of proximal colon NMAC improved after chemotherapy, while MAC showed no improvement in prognosis after chemotherapy. Advanced age, N1 and N2 stage were independent prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in MAC. For proximal colon adenocarcinoma, the independent predictors of adverse outcomes included mucinous subtype, order age, N1 and N2 stages, and pathological stage 4. Proximal colon MAC had a worse prognosis compared to NMAC. Chemotherapy did not improve the prognosis of proximal colon mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Clinical and pathological analyses of 14 cases of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a soft tissue tumor of uncertain differentiation. Although its prognosis is good, its diagnosis and differential diagnosis remain a challenge, particularly for tumors with an atypical morphology. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of 14 AFH cases and examined the key factors in its diagnosis or differential diagnosis. The cohort comprised 6 men and 8 women aged 9-65 years (average age: 31.2 years). Most of the tumors (11/14, 79%) were located in soft tissues, whereas 3/14 (21%) were located in the lung (1 case) and brain (2 cases). Tumor cells were spindle-shaped to epithelioid, with a visible fibrous capsule (9/14, 64%), hemorrhagic gap (9/14, 64%), lymphocyte sleeve (7/14, 50%), necrosis (3/14, 21%), and infiltrative boundary (4/14, 29%). The tumors expressed desmin (10/14, 71%) and exhibited low levels of Ki-67. 13 cases (93%) displayed ESWSR1 gene rearrangement. At follow-up, 1 case (7%) experienced local tumor recurrence. AFH is a rare intermediate tumor. Its pathological diagnosis requires a comprehensive analysis of histological, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features to avoid misdiagnosis. Our study has further enriched the histological features of AFH, emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis and providing a reference for clinical practice.

Investigating esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma and its comparison with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and radiomics features: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma (ESC) is a rare pathological subtype of esophageal carcinomas, wherein its epithelial component typically demonstrates squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the clinicopathological features and prognosis of ESC remain unclear, alongside its unique aspects compared to esophageal SCC (ESCC). Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2018, we retrospectively reviewed 67 ESC patients treated at West China Hospital. Among them, 51 patients with resected ESC were matched with 98 resected ESCC patients over the same period using propensity score matching at 1:2. The survival time and radiomics features of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 59 patients with resected ESC and eight patients with non-resected ESC were enrolled. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly different in patients with different TNM stages (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that length of tumor was an independent factor for OS in resetable ESC (p = 0.041). Among matched ESC and ESCC patients, OS was significantly longer for patients with ESC than those with ESCC (5-year OS, 61.1% vs. 43.6%; HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.96; p = 0.032). A Rad-score for discriminating ESC from ESCC containing two CT-derived radiomics features was developed [area under the curve: 0.823 (95% CI 0.732-0.913) in the training cohort and 0.828 (95% CI 0.636-1.000) in the validation cohort, respectively]. Conclusions: ESC has a better prognosis when compared with ESCC. By developing a radiomics prediction model, we provide reliability and convenience for the differential diagnosis of ESC from ESCC.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of uterine sarcoma: a 10-year retrospective single-center study in China.

BACKGROUND: Uterine sarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous gynecological malignancy characterized by aggressive progression and poor prognosis. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of uterine sarcoma in Chinese patients. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 75 patients with histologically verified uterine sarcoma treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between 2011 and 2020. Information on clinical characteristics, treatments, pathology and survival was collected. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were visualized in Kaplan-Meier curves. Prognostic factors were identified using the log-rank test for univariate analysis and Cox-proportional hazards regression models for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The histopathological types included 36 endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS,48%), 33 leiomyosarcomas (LMS,44%) and 6 adenosarcomas (8%). The mean age at diagnosis was 50.2 ± 10.7 years. Stage I and low-grade accounted for the majority. There were 26 recurrences and 25 deaths at the last follow-up. The mean PFS and OS were 89.41 (95% CI: 76.07-102.75) and 94.03 (95% CI: 81.67-106.38) months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that > 50 years, post-menopause, advanced stage, ≥ 1/2 myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion and high grade were associated with shorter survival (P < 0.05). Color Doppler flow imaging positive signals were associated with shorter PFS in the LMS group (P = 0.046). The ESS group had longer PFS than that of the LMS group (99.56 vs. 76.05 months, P = 0.043). The multivariate analysis showed that post-menopause and advanced stage were independent risk factors of both PFS and OS in the total cohort and LMS group. In the ESS group, diagnosis age > 50 years and high-grade were independent risk factors of PFS, while high-grade and lymphovascular space invasion were independent risk factors of OS. CONCLUSION: In Chinese patients with uterine sarcoma, post-menopause and advanced stage were associated with a significantly poorer prognosis. The prognosis of ESS was better than that of LMS. Color Doppler flow imaging positive signals of the tumor helped to identify LMS, which needs to be further tested in a larger sample in the future.

A retrospective cross-sectional study: comparison of the clinicopathological features of schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer in Central China.

AIM: To analyze the clinicopathological features of schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer in Central China and compare them with other areas of the Yangtze River Basin. METHOD: The 501 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) were retrospectively analyzed from 2020 to 2022. They were divided into two groups: 406 cases of colorectal cancer without schistosomiasis (CRC-NS) and 95 cases of colorectal cancer with schistosomiasis (CRC-S).The clinicopathological characteristics included the distribution of schistosomiasis eggs, patient age, sex, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. By retrieving the database, this study compared the clinicopathological differences of colorectal cancer with schistosomiasis in other areas of the Yangtze River basin. RESULTS: The cases of colorectal cancer with schistosomiasis accounted for 18.9%(95/501) in the study. The patients of CRC-S were older than the patients of CRC-NS (P = 0.002, P < 0.05). There was a statistical difference in the location of occurrence (P = 0.000, P < 0.05) between the two groups. There were no significant differences between CRC-S and CRC-NS in other clinicopathological features, such as sex (P = 0.054), Type(P = 0.242), histological type(P = 0.654), infiltrative depth(P = 0.811), differentiation(P = 0.837), lymph node metastasis(P = 0.574), intravascular tumor thrombus(P = 0.698), T stage(P = 0.354). In other areas of the Yangtze River Basin, there were statistical differences in the age of occurrence and T stage (P < 0.05) between colorectal cancer with schistosomiasis and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: In Central China, colorectal cancer with chronic schistosomiasis infection occurs more in the rectum and sigmoid colon. It is more common in individuals over 60 years old, consistent with the findings in the Yangtze River Basin. Additionally, schistosomal colorectal cancer had a higher T stage in the Yangtze River Basin. This may be related to the malignant biological behavior of colorectal cancer and could result in a relatively poor prognosis. Therefore, the elderly population in schistosomiasis endemic areas should pay more attention to early screening and tumor prevention.

Correlation of BUB1 and BUB1B with the development and prognosis of endometrial cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the expression and clinical significance of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) and BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B) in endometrial carcinoma (EC). BUB1 and BUBIB expressions were evaluated by bioinformatics. Protein expression, clinical features, prognosis and immune cell infiltration were explored in 20 EC tumors. siRNA was used to evaluate BUB1 and BUBIB function in EC cells. BUB1 and BUBIB were highly expressed in 26 cancers. BUB1 was associated with overall survival (OS) in eight cancers and disease-free survival in ten; BUB1B was associated with OS in nine cancers and DFS in eleven. BUB1 and BUBIB exhibited high frequencies of gene changes (mainly mutations, > 5%) in cancer. BUB1 was negatively correlated and BUB1B was positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cell infiltration. BUB1 and BUBIB knockdown decreased migration and invasion in EC cells. High BUB1 expression correlated with tumor malignant phenotypes (P < 0.05). High BUB1 mRNA expression reduced OS (P = 0.00036) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0011). High BUB1B mRNA expression reduced OS (P = 0.0024). BUB1/BUB1B correlated with activated CD8 + T and CD4 + T cell infiltration. BUB1 and BUBIB are highly expressed and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in EC. BUB1 and BUBIB are potential prognosis markers and immunotherapy targets.

Long-term oncologic outcomes following breast cancer surgery in adolescents and young adults: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs, aged 15-39 years), remains inadequately understood. The incidence of BC in AYAs has been steadily increasing, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among females aged 0-39 globally. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of AYAs and older adults (OAs, aged > 39 years) with BC who underwent surgery. Methods: From January 2011 to June 2017, BC patients who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study and divided into AYA group and OA group. Clinical characteristics, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between these two groups, both before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of age on OS and RFS. Results: Compared to the OA group, the AYA group exhibited a younger age at menarche (p < 0.001), a lower prevalence of menopausal status (p < 0.001), a reduced occurrence of comorbid conditions (p < 0.001), fewer instances of undergoing mastectomy (p = 0.031), a higher incidence of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) (p = 0.046), and elevated Ki-67 levels (p = 0.036). In terms of prognostic outcomes, within the study cohort, AYAs had a higher mortality rate and poorer long-term survival compared to OAs, both before and after PSM. In the PSM cohort, AYAs experienced a significantly shorter median OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p < 0.001). Young age (15-39 years) emerged as an independent risk factor for OS (HR 2.659, 95% CI 1.385-5.106, p = 0.003) and RFS (HR 3.235, 95% CI 2.085-5.022, p < 0.001) in BC patients following surgery. Conclusion: Significant differences were identified in the clinicopathological characteristics between AYA and OA patients with BC. In comparison to OA patients, AYA patients exhibited a less favorable long-term prognosis, with young age emerging as an independent prognostic risk factor for both OS and RFS in BC patients following surgery. Further investigations are warranted to develop age-specific therapeutic approaches for AYA BC patients.

Analysis of Selected Toll-like Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Advancement of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

(1) Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a significant global health challenge, contributing to numerous cancer deaths. Despite advances in diagnostics and therapy, identifying reliable biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic stratification remains difficult. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), crucial for innate immunity, now show potential as contributors to cancer development and progression. This study aims to investigate the role of TLR expression as potential biomarkers in the development and progression of NSCLC. (2) Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 89 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and 40 healthy volunteers, for whom the prevalence of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 was assessed on selected subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of recruited patients along with the assessment of their serum concentration. (3) Result: Our study showed several significant changes in NSCLC patients at the beginning of the study. This resulted in a 5-year follow-up of changes in selected TLRs in recruited patients. Due to the high mortality rate of NSCLC patients, only 16 patients survived the 5 years. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that TLRs may constitute real biomarker molecules that may be used for future prognostic purposes in NSCLC. However, further validation through prospective clinical and functional studies is necessary to confirm their clinical utility. These conclusions may lead to better risk stratification and tailored interventions, benefiting NSCLC patients and bringing medicine closer to precision.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: a retrospective analysis of data from a single center.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) originating from the endometrium is rare, and there is limited knowledge regarding its diagnosis and optimal management. In this study, we present our experience with 11 patients with endometrial NEC, aiming to provide guidance for clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the clinical, pathological, and treatment data of 11 patients with endometrial NEC who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2011 to July 2023. The clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 55.0 (39.0-64.0) years, and the median tumor size was 40.0 (33.0-60.0) mm. Irregular vaginal bleeding was the most common symptom observed in 10 out of 11 patients, while metabolic syndrome occurred in only 2 out of 11 patients. Six out of the 11 patients were diagnosed at an early stage. Among the patients, 6 were diagnosed with endometrial NECs, while the remaining patients had a combination of endometrial NEC and other non-NEC endometrial carcinomas. All patients underwent surgery, except for one who received only chemotherapy due to multiple metastases. After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 5 patients, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy was given to 3 patients, and 2 patients did not receive any adjuvant therapy. A total of 10 patients completed the follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 51.0 (14.3-81.0) months. Unfortunately, 2 patients died from the disease. CONCLUSION: NECs originating from the endometrium might not be affected by metabolic disorders. Preoperative diagnosis of these tumors was challenging. The primary approach for managing endometrial NEC can be multimodal treatment centered around surgery.

A Descriptive Study of the Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Individuals With Gallstone-Induced Pancreatitis in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Ranchi, Jharkhand.

BACKGROUND: Gallstones are a major cause of acute pancreatitis, which is associated with high recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Careful consideration of demographic and clinicopathological features is required to understand the association between the cause and severity of pancreatitis in various populations, and such crucial information is lacking for Jharkhand's population. Here, we sought to describe the demographic and clinicopathological features of gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis at a tertiary hospital in Ranchi. METHODS: This hospital-based descriptive study was conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences in Ranchi. The hospital records of patients admitted to the surgical unit with acute gallstone-induced pancreatitis from January 2023 to December 2023 were analyzed. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. RESULTS: Of the 72 patients admitted with acute gallstone-induced pancreatitis (mean age: 42.5 years), 46 (64%) were males and 26 (36%) were females. All 72 patients had abdominal pain and 44 (61%) were vomiting. The severe vs. non-severe pancreatitis groups differed significantly in age (≥40) and male gender (p = 0.013 and 0.031, respectively). A total of 45 (62.5%) patients had severe gallstone-induced pancreatitis, and the most common complication was acute kidney injury, followed by pleural effusion (18 (25%) and 13 (18.1%) cases, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that gallstone-induced pancreatitis was more common in males and that age and gender were significantly associated with severity. However, late presentation to the hospital may have influenced our study, resulting in more severe cases being reported, with the most common complication being acute kidney injury. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the demographic, clinicopathological, and outcome data of acute gallstone-induced pancreatitis in Ranchi. These results can guide hospital policy development to improve patient outcomes.

Impact of HER2 status on clinicopathological characteristics and pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

PURPOSE: HER2-low triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounted for up to 34%-39% of primary TNBC and 22.2%-32% of metastatic TNBC. Our study aims to explore the relationship between HER2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, analyze the impact of HER2 expression on the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in TNBC. METHODS: This study involved 191 patients with TNBC who underwent operation after NAC from October 2021 to August 2022. Clinicopathological characteristics and the frequency of pCR were compared between HER2-low and HER2-0 TNBC. RESULTS: 42.2% (81/191) patients in our cohort were HER2-low. They exhibited differences in menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), androgen receptor (AR) expression, and histological grade (P < 0.05). Particularly, in HER2-low TNBC, AR was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastase, histological grade, and the incidence of multifocal disease (P < 0.05). The total pCR rate of entire cohor was 39.8%. Tumor size (P = 0.025), AR status (P = 0.033) and histological grade (P = 0.007) were significantly associated with the pCR rate of them, while the HER2 status did not exert a similar association. The multivariate analysis revealed that BMI (P = 0.004) and histological grade (P < 0.001) were associated with pCR of HER2-low TNBC, while tumor size (P = 0.034) and AR (P = 0.034) were associated with pCR of HER2-0 TNBC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, HER2-low TNBC patients exhibits specific clinical characteristics and response features to NAC.