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Background: During epidemic outbreaks, hospitalized patients, especially those with cerebrovascular disease, were identified as a vulnerable group suffering from acute stress disorder (ASD) and consequent psychological distress. For stroke patients, not only will they suffer from physical illness, but the uncertainty of illness caused by sudden illness may also cause patients to experience different degrees of ASD. Relevant studies have shown that the impact of ASD on individuals may vary according to age, gender, disease characteristics, individual personality, treatment methods, income level, family support, cognitive psychology and other factors. However, non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation plays a crucial role in influencing individual psychological states. At present, the risk factors of ASD after stroke and the mechanism between illness uncertainty and cognitive emotion regulation are not fully understood. Therefore, we focus on exploring the predictive effects of general demographic and disease-related characteristics, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and illness uncertainty on ASD after stroke, and make hypotheses. When a disease acts on the body, the patient will have the corresponding cognition of the disease, and ASD will appear at the same time. Then the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation as an important mediating variable can aggravate the level of acute stress disorder and be verified. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design, which can be used to investigate the distribution of a disease or health condition and its related factors in a specific population at a specific time, so as to describe the distribution of the disease or health condition and its relationship with related factors. A total of 256 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 145 males and 111 females, aged from 26 to 90 years, with a mean age of (64.71 ± 12.20) years. All patients completed and returned a self-report questionnaire that included demographic information, illness uncertainty, cognitive emotion regulation, and ASD. We then compared the differences in general demographic data, illness uncertainty, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation in acute stress disorders. Results: The majority of hospitalized stroke patients (67.6%) developed ASD due to the COVID-19 pandemic and were therefore at risk for PTSD. More than one third (39.1%) of stroke survivors also suffered from severe psychological distress. More specifically, younger stroke patients are more likely to experience ASD than older patients. Although higher illness uncertainty scores indicate more severe ASD, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation was a protective factor. Conclusion: Given that individuals with ASD are susceptible to PTSD, it is critical to follow up hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke for screening for PTSD and referral to appropriate psychological services. Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation can increase the impact of uncertainty on the traumatic experience of stroke patients. Therefore, health care institutions should increase their efforts to provide psychosocial support services to hospitalized patients and make continuous efforts to screen for symptoms of trauma and psychological distress in hospitalized stroke patients.
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La vida universitaria implica retos personales, sociales, académicos e institucionales a los que los estudiantes deben adaptarse no sólo para lograr el éxito académico sino también para garantizar una buena salud física y mental durante la carrera. Este periodo puede estar influenciado por situaciones estresantes que pueden afectar a nivel personal y académico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar, mediante un análisis con ecuaciones estructurales, si diversas estrategias de regulación cognitivo-emocional y el apoyo social percibido, actúan como mediadores del efecto del estrés sobre la adaptación a la vida universitaria en 555 estudiantes universitarios colombianos (437 mujeres, 78,7%) con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 49 años (M= 22,83; DT = 4,774). Los resultados muestran que las estrategias de regulación cognitivo-emocional positiva (Focus y Reappraisal), negativa (Rumiación, Autoculpabilización y Culpar a otros) y el apoyo social son mediadores del efecto del estrés sobre la adaptación a la vida universitaria.(AU)
University life involve personal, social, academic, and institu-tionalchallenges to which the students must adapt not only to achieve aca-demic successbut also to guarantee a good physical and mental health dur-ing the career. Thisperiod can be influenced by stressful situations that can affect at personal andacademic level. The objective of the present study was to determine, through ananalysis with structural equations, whether various cognitive-emotional regulationstrategies and perceived social sup-port, act as mediators of the effect of stress onadaptation to university life in 555 Colombian university students (437 women,78.7%) with ages from 16 to 49 years (M = 22.83; SD = 4.774). The results showthat the cogni-tive-emotional regulation strategies positive (Focus andReappraisal), nega-tive (Rumination, Self-blame and Blaming others) and socialsupportaremediators oftheeffect ofstresson adaptationto universitylife.(AU)
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Humanos , Apoio Social , Universidades , Estudantes , Cognição , Emoções , Ruminação Cognitiva , Colômbia , PsicologiaRESUMO
Prisoners are exposed to a deprived environment, which triggers mental illness and psychological problems. Abundant research has reported that mental illness problems, suicide, aggression, and violent behaviors occur in incarcerated people. Although the mental healthcare system for incarcerated people is emphasized, little research has been conducted due to their limited environment. In particular, the regulation of negative emotion is significantly associated with mental illness and anti-social and violent behaviors. However, mental healthcare through cognitive emotional regulation based on cognitive behavioral therapy has not been fully investigated. This study identified four different patterns in cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotions. Cognitive emotional regulation strategies (i.e., self-blame, other-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, putting into perspective, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, and refocus on planning) were examined and addressed their vulnerable psychological factors. We analyzed a total of 500 prisoners' responses to the cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ) by latent class profiling analysis. A four-class model was identified based on the responses of CERQ. In addition, the significant effect of depression on classifying the four classes was found. Furthermore, differences in the average number of incarcerations were also shown across four classes. In conclusion, Class 2 (Negative Self-Blamer) uses dysfunctional/negative strategies that may place the group at a high risk of psychological disorder symptoms, including depression and post-traumatic stress. Class 3 (Distorted Positivity) uses positive/functional strategies but seems to utilize the positive strategies in distorted manners to rationalize their convictions. Class 1 (Strong Blamer) and Class 4 (Moderator Blamer) showed similar patterns focused on the "other-blame" strategy for regulating negative emotion, but they are at different levels, indicating that they attribute incarceration to external factors. These findings provide useful information for designing mental healthcare interventions for incarcerated people and psychological therapy programs for clinical and correctional psychologists in forensic settings.
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Nurses often face a variety of work-related and life-related stresses that make them more prone to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet the underlying mechanism of this association is poorly understood. To address this research gap, we investigated the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms, and explored whether psychological capital could moderate the direct or indirect effects between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. Nurses (N = 723) completed a questionnaire about perceived stress, PTSD symptoms, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological capital. After controlling for gender, age and work department, perceived stress was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies partially mediated this relationship. Psychological capital moderates the effects of perceived stress and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on PTSD symptoms. Specifically, the positive correlation between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms was stronger among nurses with low levels of psychological capital than among nurses with high levels of psychological capital. At the same time, the positive correlation between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and PTSD symptoms was stronger in nurses with a low level of psychological capital. Therefore, cognitive strategies and interventions oriented toward psychological capital may alleviate the PTSD symptoms of nurses in stressful situations.
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El objetivo de este estudio transcultural fue analizar las diferencias en resiliencia, estrategias de regulación cognitiva de las emociones (CERS) y distress psicológico durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Polonia y España. Método. Se realizó una encuesta online en una muestra de 1,182 adultos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis MANOVA para examinar las diferencias en las variables estudiadas entre estos países. Esto fue seguido de un análisis MANCOVA controlando el sexo y la edad. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal segmentados por país con el fin de identificar modelos predictivos de distrés psicológico. Resultados. La población polaca se caracterizó por niveles más altos de ansiedad, menos resiliencia y más uso de CERS desadaptativas durante el confinamiento. La población española sufrió más estrés pero utilizó CERS adaptativas y fue más resiliente. La edad y el sexo femenino aparecieron como factores de riesgo de malestar psicológico en España. Se encontró que los modelos de predicción de distrés psicológico fueron diferentes en ambos países: las CERS adaptativas fueron predictivas en España y la resiliencia fue predictiva en Polonia. Conclusiones. Este estudio podría guiar en iniciativas para la promoción del bienestar psicológico como vía para prevenir trastornos psicopatológicos durante la pandemia.(AU)
Background.The objective of this cross-cultural study was to ana-lyze the differences in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS), as well as psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between Poland and Spain. Method.An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1,182 adults. A MANOVA analysis was carried out to examine the differences in the studied variables between these countries. This was followed by MANCOVA analysis to control for gender and age. Linear re-gression analyses segmented by country were conducted in order to identi-fy psychological distress prediction models. Results.Polish population was characterized by higher levels of anxiety, less resilience and more maladap-tive CERS during the lockdown. Spanish population was more affected by stress but used more adaptable CERS and was more resilient. Age and fe-male gender appeared as risk factors of psychological distress in Spain. The psychological distress prediction models were found to be different be-tween both countries: adaptive CERS was predictive only in Spain, and re-silience was predictive only in Poland. Conclusions.This study could guide in initiatives for the promotion of psychological well-being as a way to pre-vent psychopathological disorders during the pandemic.(AU)
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Humanos , Adulto , Ciências da Saúde , Coronavirus , Estresse Psicológico , Resiliência Psicológica , Orientação , Adulto , Comparação Transcultural , Espanha , PolôniaRESUMO
In this study, we investigated the cognitive-emotional interplay by measuring the effects of executive competition (Pessoa, 2013), i.e., how inhibitory control is influenced when emotional information is encountered. Sixty-three children (8 to 9 years of age) participated in an inhibition task (central task) accompanied by happy, sad, or neutral emoticons (displayed in the periphery). Typical interference effects were found in the main task for speed and accuracy, but in general, these effects were not additionally modulated by the peripheral emoticons indicating that processing of the main task exhausted the limited capacity such that interference from the task-irrelevant, peripheral information did not show (Pessoa, 2013). Further analyses revealed that the magnitude of interference effects depended on the order of congruency conditions: when incongruent conditions preceded congruent ones, there was greater interference. This effect was smaller in sad conditions, and particularly so at the beginning of the experiment. These findings suggest that the bottom-up perception of task-irrelevant emotional information influenced the top-down process of inhibitory control among children in the sad condition when processing demands were particularly high. We discuss if the salience and valence of the emotional stimuli as well as task demands are the decisive characteristics that modulate the strength of this relation.
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Emoções , Função Executiva , Criança , Felicidade , Humanos , Inibição PsicológicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) refer to rare heterogeneous genetic disorders with various clinical manifestations that can cause serious physical and psychological sequelae. Results of previous studies on the impact of an IEM on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) were incongruent and only few studies considered more broadly the psychological well-being of children with IEM and their families. Our objectives were to examine: (1) the impact of the IEM severity on the HR-QoL and psychological functioning of patients and their parents at baseline; and (2) its evolution over time; and (3) the correlation between parental and children's perspectives. Methods: The sample included 69 pediatric patients (mean age = 7.55 y, SD = 4.59) with evaluations at baseline and after one year. We collected data on HR-QoL, child mental health and emotional regulation as well as on parental mood and stress using different validated questionnaires. IEM severity was rated by a clinician through the biological subdomain of the pediatric INTERMED instrument. Results: Two groups of patients based on IEM severity scores were created (n = 31 with low and n = 38 with moderate/high IEM severity). The two groups differed with respect to age, diet and supplement intake. IEM severity had an impact on HR-QoL and behavioral symptoms in children, as well as on HR-QoL and stress in parents. For patients with moderate/high IEM severity, child and parental HR-QoL improved after 1-year of follow-up. We did not observe any significant difference between evaluations by patients versus parents. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that moderate/high IEM severity altered child and parental psychological well-being, but also revealed a significant improvement after one-year follow-up. This observation suggests that patients with a moderate/high IEM severity and their families benefit from the care of an interdisciplinary team including a child psychologist specialized in IEMs. Moreover, in patients with higher IEM severity there may also be more room for improvement compared to patients with low IEM severity. Future studies should focus on observations over a larger time span, particularly during adolescence, and should include objective measurements.
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BACKGROUND: The cognitive regulation of emotions is a fundamental variable in socio-aï¬ective functioning, being an essential skill in childhood due to its relationship with multiple areas of social functioning. Although there is a version that allows evaluating this construct (CERQ-k), translated and adapted for Argentine children, the structural model found does not fully coincide with the model proposed by the authors of the original version of CERQ. OBJECTIVE: To test, through Conï¬rmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the model obtained in the adapted version and compare it with that of the original version of the instrument. METHOD: From a non-probabilistic sample, 761 children between the ages of 9 and 12, from the provinces of Entre Ríos and Córdoba, participated in the study. Descriptive analyzes of the items, CFA, and reliability analysis were carried out. RESULTS: The CFA indicated an adequate ï¬t in both models, although the second-order model proved to be more parsimonious and with satisfactory ï¬t and error indices. CONCLUSION: The CERQ-k version adapted to Argentina, whose structure has been conï¬rmed in this study, allows a valid and reliable measure of the construct to evaluate the cognitive regulation of emotion in children aged 9 to 12 years.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La regulación cognitiva de las emociones es una variable fundamental en el funcionamiento socioafectivo, siendo una habilidad esencial en la infancia por su relación con múltiples áreas del funcionamiento social. Si bien existe una versión que permite evaluar este constructo (CERQ-k), traducida y adaptada para niños argentinos, el modelo estructural encontrado no coincide plenamente con el modelo propuesto por los autores de la versión original del CERQ. OBJETIVO: Poner a prueba, a través de Análisis Factorial Conï¬rmatorio (AFC), el modelo obtenido en la versión adaptada y compararlo con el de la versión original del instrumento. MÉTODO: A partir de una muestra no probabilística, 761 niños de 9 a 12 años, de las provincias de Entre Ríos y Córdoba, participaron del estudio. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de los ítems, AFC y análisis de ï¬abilidad. RESULTADOS: El AFC indicó un ajuste adecuado en ambos modelos, aunque el de segundo orden demostró ser más parsimonioso y con índices de ajuste y error satisfactorios. CONCLUSIÓN: La versión CERQ-k adaptada a Argentina, cuya estructura ha sido conï¬rmada en este estudio, permite una medida válida y conï¬able del constructo para evaluar la regulación cognitiva de la emoción en niños de 9 a 12 años.
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Objective: To evaluate emotion regulation as one of the important aspects of preventing and treatment of substance abuse. Materials and methods: This study had a quasi-experiment research method and a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all the female students who lived in the addiction-stricken areas of Kermanshah city. 60 female students (mean: 16.78 and standard deviation: 0.69) who were eligible to participate in the study were selected by convenient sampling and were placed randomly in two test and control groups. The tools that were used in this study included Granefski et al. (2007) cognitive-emotional regulation scale and demographic information sheet. Eight weekly sessions of emotion regulation strategies based on Gross method (2002) were held for the experimental group. Results: Multivariate covariance analysis results indicated that teaching emotion regulation strategies has been effective in improving adapting strategies and reducing maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore considering the effectiveness of the mentioned intervention, this strategy can be applied beside other methods in order to improve adaptive emotion regulation and reducing maladaptive strategies among female teenagers who live in addiction-stricken areas.
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Objective To examine the characteristics of affective intensity and cognitive emotion regulation in subjects with borderline personality disorder ( BPD) . Methods The BPD subscale of personal-ity disorder questionnaire( PDQ-4+) was used to assess the BPD symptoms,the short affective intensity scale (SAIS) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) were used to measure affect intensity and cognitive emotion regulation strategy,respectively. 765 subjects with BPD and 776 healthy controls were se-lected. The independent-samples t test was used to analyze the differences between BPD group and controls and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the related factors affecting the BPD. Results Com-pared with the control group(negative intensity:(3.08±0.66),negative coping dimension:(37.20±5.94), BPD group got higher scores in negative intensity((3.88±0.74), t=22.29, P0.8)and negative coping dimension((44.77±6.36), t=24.16, P0.8). The logistic regression anal-ysis showed that negative intensity(B=1.38,Exp(B)=3.97,95%CI for EXP(B):3.15~5.00, P<0.01) and negative cognitive regulations strategy(B=0.19,Exp(B)=1.21,95% CI:1.18-1.25, P<0.01) could affect the prevalence of BPD. Conclusion Subjects with BPD traits have more significant negative affective inten-sity and tend to use negative cognitive regulations strategy.
