RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore experiences related to health-oriented behaviours during lockdown in the Spanish resident population from a gender perspective. METHOD: Qualitative research with a critical and feminist approach. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews (17 women and 12 men) were conducted between June and July 2020 via telephone with people who had previously answered an online survey. The interviews were transcribed and a thematic content analysis was carried out, differentiating between the experiences of women and men. The data were triangulated by the research team. RESULTS: Among women, greater diversity emerged in terms of health behaviours. Among them, the difficult experiences related to COVID-19, the complexity of living together and doing unpaid care work, as well as the importance of support networks, stood out. Among men, there were different attitudes towards sport, self-care and having time for healthy eating were positively valued, and there was a good assessment of coexistence and organisation in household chores. In both men and women, work overload and economic problems were related to emotional distress and difficulties in carrying out healthy activities. CONCLUSIONS: Health-oriented behaviours during lockdown differed according to gender. They were mostly limited to COVID-19 experiences, socio-economic conditions and burden of care. It is essential to tailor public health and primary care programmes according to people's life moments, taking into account their social context and questioning traditional gender roles.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Quarentena , Estresse Fisiológico , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Quarentena/psicologia , Quarentena/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Telefone , Entrevistas como Assunto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Dieta Saudável/psicologia , Autocuidado/psicologia , Esportes/psicologia , Carga de Trabalho/psicologia , Estresse Financeiro/psicologia , Saúde Pública , Sistemas de Apoio PsicossocialRESUMO
Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias relacionadas con los comportamientos orientados a la salud durante el confinamiento en la población residente en España desde una perspectiva de género. Método: Investigación cualitativa con enfoque crítico y feminista. Se realizaron 29 entrevistas semiestructuradas (17 mujeres y 12 hombres) entre junio y julio de 2020, por vía telefónica, a personas que habían contestado previamente a una encuesta on-line. Las entrevistas se transcribieron y se realizó un análisis de contenido temático diferenciando las experiencias de mujeres y hombres. Los datos fueron triangulados por el equipo investigador. Resultados: En las mujeres emergió mayor diversidad en torno a las conductas de salud. En ellas destacaron las difíciles vivencias relacionadas con la COVID-19, la complejidad en la convivencia y realizar trabajo de cuidados no remunerados, así como la importancia de las redes de apoyo. En los hombres hubo diferentes actitudes hacia el deporte, se valoró positivamente el autocuidado y tener tiempo para la alimentación saludable, y hubo una buena valoración sobre la convivencia y la organización en las tareas domésticas. En ambos, la sobrecarga laboral y los problemas económicos se relacionaron con malestar emocional y dificultades para realizar actividades saludables. Conclusiones: Los comportamientos orientados a la salud durante el confinamiento difirieron según género. Estuvieron sobre todo limitados a experiencias con la COVID-19, condiciones socioeconómicas y carga de cuidados. Resulta fundamental adaptar los programas de salud pública y atención primaria según los momentos vitales de las personas, considerando sus escenarios sociales y cuestionando los roles tradicionales de género. (AU)
Objective: To explore experiences related to health-oriented behaviours during lockdown in the Spanish resident population from a gender perspective. Method: Qualitative research with a critical and feminist approach. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews (17 women and 12 men) were conducted between June and July 2020 via telephone with people who had previously answered an online survey. The interviews were transcribed and a thematic content analysis was carried out, differentiating between the experiences of women and men. The data were triangulated by the research team. Results: Among women, greater diversity emerged in terms of health behaviours. Among them, the difficult experiences related to COVID-19, the complexity of living together and doing unpaid care work, as well as the importance of support networks, stood out. Among men, there were different attitudes towards sport, self-care and having time for healthy eating were positively valued, and there was a good assessment of coexistence and organisation in household chores. In both men and women, work overload and economic problems were related to emotional distress and difficulties in carrying out healthy activities. Conclusions: Health-oriented behaviours during lockdown differed according to gender. They were mostly limited to COVID-19 experiences, socio-economic conditions and burden of care. It is essential to tailor public health and primary care programmes according to people's life moments, taking into account their social context and questioning traditional gender roles. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Identidade de Gênero , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Espanha , Entrevistas como Assunto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
La construcción de capacidades es un proceso que revela las potencialidades del individuo para modificar su conducta ante diferentes problemas individuales o colectivos. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar la labor comunitaria realizada por especialistas cubanos y extranjeros en diferentes latitudes en la construcción de capacidades y participación social en aras de modificar comportamientos que permitan afrontar de la mejor manera posible problemas de salud. Se realizó una síntesis de los trabajos desarrollados en comunidades urbanas ubicadas en Cuba, Angola y Argentina, respectivamente, y en dos poblaciones rurales de Venezuela. El trabajo se realizó entre el 2004 y el 2012. Se aborda la construcción de capacidades desde su concepción y se detallan las estrategias capacitante y educativa empleadas. En localidades de Luanda, Angola se modificaron los estilos de afrontamiento a la enfermedad en personas con VIH y se capacitó a los prestadores para mejorar su actitud hacia ellos, en mujeres con cáncer de mama en una comunidad cubana se modificaron los estilos de afrontamiento hacia la enfermedad en las pacientes, en la familia y los médicos encargados de su atención en la comunidad. Las experiencias descritas tienen en común la construcción de capacidades mediante la movilización de las comunidades implicadas en torno a la solución de los problemas de salud(AU)
The capacity building is a process that discloses the individual's potentialities to change his/her behavior in the face of various individual or collective problems. The objective of this paper was to show the community work carried out by Cuban and foreign specialists in different parts of the world to build capacities and to encourage social involvement with a view to changing behaviors and facing health problems in the best possible way. This is a sort of summary of the work performed at urban communities in Cuba, Angola and Argentina, respectively, and in two rural populations of Venezuela. This paper was prepared in the period of 2004 through 2012. It dealt with the building of capacities since its conception and detailed the enabling and educational strategies used. In some Angolan communities, particularly in Luanda, the way the AIDS population was coping with the disease was modified as well as the quality of care by the health system personnel to these patients. Furthermore, a valuable experience in Cuba was shown with some women suffering breast cancer since the styles of coping with the disease changed in the patients, their families and the physicians in charge of taking care of them at the community. All the presented experiences have the building of capacities in common through the mobilization of the communities involved regarding the solution of health problems(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal/métodos , Participação SocialRESUMO
La construcción de capacidades es un proceso que revela las potencialidades del individuo para modificar su conducta ante diferentes problemas individuales o colectivos. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar la labor comunitaria realizada por especialistas cubanos y extranjeros en diferentes latitudes en la construcción de capacidades y participación social en aras de modificar comportamientos que permitan afrontar de la mejor manera posible problemas de salud. Se realizó una síntesis de los trabajos desarrollados en comunidades urbanas ubicadas en Cuba, Angola y Argentina, respectivamente, y en dos poblaciones rurales de Venezuela. El trabajo se realizó entre el 2004 y el 2012. Se aborda la construcción de capacidades desde su concepción y se detallan las estrategias capacitante y educativa empleadas. En localidades de Luanda, Angola se modificaron los estilos de afrontamiento a la enfermedad en personas con VIH y se capacitó a los prestadores para mejorar su actitud hacia ellos, en mujeres con cáncer de mama en una comunidad cubana se modificaron los estilos de afrontamiento hacia la enfermedad en las pacientes, en la familia y los médicos encargados de su atención en la comunidad. Las experiencias descritas tienen en común la construcción de capacidades mediante la movilización de las comunidades implicadas en torno a la solución de los problemas de salud(AU)
The capacity building is a process that discloses the individual's potentialities to change his/her behavior in the face of various individual or collective problems. The objective of this paper was to show the community work carried out by Cuban and foreign specialists in different parts of the world to build capacities and to encourage social involvement with a view to changing behaviors and facing health problems in the best possible way. This is a sort of summary of the work performed at urban communities in Cuba, Angola and Argentina, respectively, and in two rural populations of Venezuela. This paper was prepared in the period of 2004 through 2012. It dealt with the building of capacities since its conception and detailed the enabling and educational strategies used. In some Angolan communities, particularly in Luanda, the way the AIDS population was coping with the disease was modified as well as the quality of care by the health system personnel to these patients. Furthermore, a valuable experience in Cuba was shown with some women suffering breast cancer since the styles of coping with the disease changed in the patients, their families and the physicians in charge of taking care of them at the community. All the presented experiences have the building of capacities in common through the mobilization of the communities involved regarding the solution of health problems(AU)
