High-concentration methane and ethane QEPAS detection employing partial least squares regression to filter out energy relaxation dependence on gas matrix composition.

A quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor capable to detect high concentrations of methane (C1) and ethane (C2) is here reported. The hydrocarbons fingerprint region around 3 µm was exploited using an interband cascade laser (ICL). A standard quartz tuning fork (QTF) coupled with two resonator tubes was used to detect the photoacoustic signal generated by the target molecules. Employing dedicated electronic boards to both control the laser source and collect the QTF signal, a shoe-box sized QEPAS sensor was realized. All the generated mixtures were downstream humidified to remove the influence of water vapor on the target gases. Several natural gas-like samples were generated and subsequently diluted 1:10 in N2. In the concentration ranges under investigation (1%-10% for C1 and 0.1%-1% for C2), both linear and nonlinear responses of the sensor were measured and signal variations due to matrix effects were observed. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed as a multivariate statistical tool to accurately determine the concentrations of C1 and C2 in the mixtures, compensating the matrix relaxation effects. The achieved results extend the range of C1 and C2 concentrations detectable by QEPAS technique up to the percent scale.

Comportamiento del Diplomado de Dirección en Salud en La Habana, 2004 -2014 / Behavior of the Diploma Course on Health Management in Havana, 2004-2014

INTRODUCCIÓN: el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud se sustenta en un subsistema de formación de recursos, con sólida estructura del Sistema Nacional de Salud y un medio propicio para el perfeccionamiento y desarrollo de recursos humanos calificados, permite eliminar los problemas de la política de cuadros y trabajo con los cuadros y reservas. OBJETIVO: determinar el comportamiento del Diplomado de Dirección en Salud en La Habana durante el período 2004 al 2014. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Se revisaron las informaciones de los archivos y se obtuvo de la base de datos computarizada del Centro Provincial de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública La Habana, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. RESULTADOS: el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud, lo han cursado 5 550 cuadros y reservas de La Habana, le há servido para que se apropien de herramientas de Dirección en salud, con gran utilidad en el trabajo realizado a distintos niveles de dirección. Su última versión está formado por 13 módulos, permite dar al cursista, amplia visión del trabajo de dirección, imprescindible en la preparación post básica de los cuadros de dirección. CONCLUSIONES: continuar el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud para dar respuesta a las necesidades del Sistema, lo cual permite la transformación de las unidades de salud. Proporcionándole posibilidad de actualización, profundización y perfeccionamiento que requieren los cuadros y reservas del sistema de salud, en correspondencia con el contexto político ideológico y las necesidades del desarrollo económico, social y cultural del país.

INTRODUCTION: The Graduate of Address in Health is sustained in a subsystem of formation of resources, compactly structured of the National System of Health and a half favorable one for the improvement and development of qualified human resources allowing to eliminate the politics' of squares problems and work with the squares and reservations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the Graduate's of Address behavior in Health in Havana. 2004 at the 2014. METHODS: I study descriptive, retrospective, of traverse court, the information of the files were revised and it was obtained of the on-line database of the Provincial Center of the National School of Public Health Havana, of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. RESULTS: The Graduate of Address in Health, they have him studying 5 550 squares and reservations of Havana, it has served so that the squares and reservations appropriate of tools of Address in health, with great utility in the work carried out at different address levels. Their last version is formed by 13 modules, he/she allows to give to the curdiest, wide vision of the address work, indispensable in the preparation post basic of the address squares. CONCLUSIONS: To continue the Graduate of Address in Health to give answer to the necessities of the System, that which allows the transformation of the units of health. Providing possibility of upgrade, profundities and improvement that require the squares and reservations of the system of health, in correspondence with the ideological political context and the necessities of the economic, social and cultural development of the country.

Comportamiento del Diplomado de Dirección en Salud en La Habana, 2004 -2014 / Behavior of the Diploma Course on Health Management in Havana, 2004-2014

Introducción: el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud se sustenta en un subsistema de formación de recursos, con sólida estructura del Sistema Nacional de Salud y un medio propicio para el perfeccionamiento y desarrollo de recursos humanos calificados, permite eliminar los problemas de la política de cuadros y trabajo con los cuadros y reservas.Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento del Diplomado de Dirección en Salud en La Habana durante el período 2004 al 2014.Métodos : se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Se revisaron las informaciones de los archivos y se obtuvo de la base de datos computarizada del Centro Provincial de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública La Habana, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana.Resultados: el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud, lo han cursado 5 550 cuadros y reservas de La Habana, le ha servido para que se apropien de herramientas de Dirección en salud, con gran utilidad en el trabajo realizado a distintos niveles de dirección. Su última versión está formado por 13 módulos, permite dar al cursista, amplia visión del trabajo de dirección, imprescindible en la preparación post básica de los cuadros de dirección.Conclusiones: continuar el Diplomado de Dirección en Salud para dar respuesta a las necesidades del Sistema, lo cual permite la transformación de las unidades de salud. Proporcionándole posibilidad de actualización, profundización y perfeccionamiento que requieren los cuadros y reservas del sistema de salud, en correspondencia con el contexto político ideológico y las necesidades del desarrollo económico, social y cultural del país(AU)

Introduction: The Graduate of Address in Health is sustained in a subsystem of formation of resources, compactly structured of the National System of Health and a half favorable one for the improvement and development of qualified human resources allowing to eliminate the politics' of squares problems and work with the squares and reservations.Objective: To determine the Graduate's of Address behavior in Health in Havana. 2004 at the 2014.Methods: I study descriptive, retrospective, of traverse court, the information of the files were revised and it was obtained of the on-line database of the Provincial Center of the National School of Public Health Havana, of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana.Results: The Graduate of Address in Health, they have him studying 5 550 squares and reservations of Havana, it has served so that the squares and reservations appropriate of tools of Address in health, with great utility in the work carried out at different address levels. Their last version is formed by 13 modules, he/she allows to give to the curdiest, wide vision of the address work, indispensable in the preparation post basic of the address squares.Conclusions: To continue the Graduate of Address in Health to give answer to the necessities of the System, that which allows the transformation of the units of health. Providing possibility of upgrade, profundities and improvement that require the squares and reservations of the system of health, in correspondence with the ideological political context and the necessities of the economic, social and cultural development of the country(AU)

Chronic allograft rejection: A significant hurdle to transplant success.

The state-of-the-art immunosuppression drugs do not ensure indefinite transplant survival, and most transplants are continuously lost to chronic rejection even years posttransplantation. This form of rejection is responsible for long-term failure of transplanted organs. The mechanisms involved in development of chronic rejection are not well-understood. One of the main features of chronic rejection is progressive luminal narrowing of graft vessels, which results in compromised blood flow, ischemia, cell death, and finally graft failure. All the existing immunosuppressive regimens are targeting acute rejection, and at present there is no available therapy for prevention of chronic rejection. Chronic rejection involves two major, but interrelated responses: The first is the host immune response against the transplant mediated primarily by alloreactive T and B cells, and the second is injury and repair of the graft (vasculopathy of graft vessels). Here we focus on recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of chronic transplant vasculopathy and function of macrophages, topics pivotal for development of novel antichronic rejection therapies.