Aplicación de un balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico en procedimientos obstétricos. Reporte de caso / Use of an intra-aortic balloon pump in Obstetrics. Case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Las anomalías en la inserción placentaria son cada vez más frecuentes en nuestro medio. En la atención de la paciente embarazada es importante la prevención de la pérdida hemática con balones de contrapulsación intraaórticos, como una opción útil. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 38 años, embarazada, con antecedente de parto eutócico y sin enfermedades de interés, ni intervenciones quirúrgicas previas. El seguimiento prenatal se inició a las 17 semanas, con retraso diagnóstico debido a que continuaba en tratamiento anticonceptivo. La invasión trofoblástica estaba limitada al miometrio, sin evidencia de invasión a los órganos vecinos. Se le expusieron a la paciente las posibles complicaciones a fin de minimizar los riesgos de hemorragia masiva, potencialmente mortal en el momento del parto. Puesto que la paciente expresó no desear volver a embarazarse, se le recomendó la histerectomía poscesárea, dejando la placenta in situ. CONCLUSIONES: La oclusión endovascular con balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico es una opción segura y eficaz para minimizar la pérdida de sangre en casos de anomalías en la inserción placentaria. Además del clásico acceso por vía femoral es posible colocarlo por vía axilar, con igual efectividad. La baja tasa de complicaciones maternas y la seguridad, en términos de irradiación fetal, la convierten en una opción razonable en la atención de pacientes embarazadas en quienes se espera una alta pérdida sanguínea.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Anomalies of placental insertion are becoming increasingly common. Prevention of blood loss with intra-aortic counterpulsation balloons is a useful option in the care of pregnant patients. CLINICAL CASE: 38-year-old pregnant woman with a history of euthyroid delivery and no medical or surgical history. Prenatal follow-up was initiated at 17 weeks, with a delay in diagnosis due to the fact that she was still on contraceptive treatment. Trophoblastic invasion was limited to the myometrium with no evidence of invasion into adjacent organs. The patient was counseled on the potential complications to minimize the risk of massive, potentially fatal hemorrhage at delivery. As the patient did not wish to become pregnant again, a post-cesarean hysterectomy was recommended, leaving the placenta in situ. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular occlusion with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is a safe and effective option to minimize blood loss in cases of placental insertion anomalies. In addition to the classical femoral approach, the axillary route can be used with equal efficacy. The low rate of maternal complications and the safety with respect to fetal irradiation make it a reasonable option in the management of pregnant patients in whom high blood loss is expected.

Ivabradina como apoyo a la contrapulsación aórtica en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada

Introducción. Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) avanzada bajo tratamiento con inotrópicos tienden a la taquicardia sinusal, principalmente, por: 1) efecto compensador neuroendocrino, 2) efecto farmacológico, 3) imposibilidad del uso de beta bloqueantes por interferir en el efecto inotrópico. Objetivos. Evaluar mediante cateterismo pulmonar el efecto hemodinámico de la ivabradina en la taquicardia sinusal durante el tratamiento de la IC avanzada bajo contrapulsación aórtica. Material y métodos. Entre el 1° de Enero de 2014 y el 1° de Mayo de 2020, se incluyeron prospectivamente todos los pacientes admitidos al área de cardiología crítica por IC aguda de etiología isquémico-necrótica refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico vía oral e indicación de inotrópicos y contrapulsación intra-aórtica, en ritmo sinusal con más de 110 latidos por minuto (lpm) de frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados. El estudio incluyó a 55 pacientes (33 hombres) con edad promedio de 61,9 años. Post tratamiento con ivabradina, la frecuencia cardíaca bajó de 118±5 lpm a 93±8 lpm (p=0,0002), el volumen minuto cardíaco aumentó de 4637±610 ml a 5176±527 ml (p=0,03) y el volumen sistólico promedio se incrementó significativamente de 39,29±5,2 a 55,65±7,7 ml (p=0,002). No se observaron diferencias significativas pre y post tratamiento en los registros de las presiones de la aurícula derecha ni en las presiones capilar pulmonar, así como en los cálculos de resistencias vasculares sistémicas y pulmonares. No se observaron efectos adversos de las drogas hasta transcurridas cinco vidas medias luego de suspenderla. Conclusiones. La ivabradina mejora la efectividad de la contrapulsación aórtica evaluada mediante catéter de Swan Ganz en paciente con IC avanzada tratada con agentes inotrópicos.

Background. Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) under inotropic treatment tend to sinus tachycardia, mainly due to: 1) neuroendocrine compensatory effect, 2) pharmacological effect, 3) impossibility of using beta-blockers because they interfere with the inotropic effect. Objectives. To evaluate the hemodynamic effect of ivabradine on sinus tachycardia during the treatment of advanced HF under aortic balloon pump using pulmonary catheterization. Material and methods. Between January 1, 2014 and May 1, 2020, all patients admitted to the critical cardiology area for acute HF of ischemic-necrotic etiology refractory to oral pharmacological treatment and indication of inotropic drugs and aortic balloon pump were prospectively included, in sinus rhythm with more than 110 beats per minute (bpm) of heart rate. Results. The study included 55 patients (33 men) with a mean age of 61.9 years. Post-treatment with ivabradine, the heart rate decreased from 118±5 bpm to 93±8 bpm (p=0.0002), the cardiac minute volume increased from 4637±610 ml to 5176±527 ml (p=0.03) and mean stroke volume increased significantly from 39.29±5.2 to 55.65±7.7 ml (p=0.002). No significant differences were observed before and after treatment in the recordings of the pressures of the right atrium or in the pulmonary capillary pressures, as well as in the calculations of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. No adverse effects of the drugs were observed until five half-lives after stopping it. Conclusions. Ivabradine improves the effectiveness of aortic balloon pump evaluated by means of a Swan Ganz catheter in patients with advanced HF treated with inotropic agents.

Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) avançada em tratamento inotrópico tendem a apresentar taquicardia sinusal, principalmente devido a: 1) efeito compensatório neuroendócrino, 2) efeito farmacológico, 3) impossibilidade de uso de betabloqueadores por interferirem no efeito inotrópico. Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito hemodinâmico da ivabradina na taquicardia sinusal durante o tratamento da IC avançada sob contrapulsação aórtica por cateterismo pulmonar. Material e métodos. Entre 1º de Janeiro de 2014 e 1º de Maio de 2020, foram incluídos prospectivamente todos os pacientes admitidos na área de cardiologia crítica por IC aguda de etiologia isquêmico-necrótica refratária ao tratamento farmacológico oral e indicação de inotrópicos e de balão de contrapulsação intra-aórtico, em ritmo sinusal com mais de 110 batimentos por minuto (bpm) de frequência cardíaca. Resultados. O estudo incluiu 55 pacientes (33 homens) com idade média de 61,9 anos. Após o tratamento com ivabradina, a frequência cardíaca caiu de 118±5 bpm para 93±8 bpm (p=0,0002), o volume minuto cardíaco aumentou de 4637±610 ml para 5176±527 ml (p=0,03) e o volume sistólico médio aumentou significativamente de 39,29±5,2 para 55,65±7,7 ml (p=0,002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas antes e após o tratamento nos registros das pressões do átrio direito ou nas pressões capilares pulmonares, bem como nos cálculos da resistência vascular sistêmica e pulmonar. Nenhum efeito adverso dos medicamentos foi observado até cinco meias-vidas após a descontinuação. Conclusões. A ivabradina melhora a eficácia da contrapulsação aórtica avaliada por meio de um cateter de Swan Ganz em pacientes com IC avançada tratados com agentes inotrópicos.

Use of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump as a Bridge to Heart Transplant in Spain: Results From the ASIS-TC Study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In Spain, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been used frequently as a bridge to urgent heart transplant (HT). We sought to analyze the clinical outcomes of this strategy. METHODS: We conducted a case-by-case, retrospective review of clinical records of 281 adult patients listed for urgent HT under IABP support in 16 Spanish institutions from 2010 to 2015. Pre- and post-transplant survival and adverse clinical events were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 194 (69%, 95%CI, 63.3-74.4) patients were transplanted and 20 (7.1%, 95%CI, 4.4-10.8) died during a mean period of IABP support of 10.9±9.7 days. IABP support was withdrawn before an organ became available in 32 (11.4%) patients. Thirty-five (12.5%, 95%CI, 8.8-16.9) patients transitioned from IABP to full-support mechanical devices. Mean urgent waiting list time increased from 5.9±6.3 days in 2010 to 15±11.7 days in 2015 (P=.001). Post-transplant survival rates at 30-days, 1-year, and 5-years were 88.1% (95%CI, 85.7-90.5), 76% (95%CI, 72.9-79.1), and 67.8% (95%CI, 63.7-71.9), respectively. The incidence rate of major adverse clinical outcomes-device dysfunction, stroke, bleeding or infection-during IABP support was 26 (95%CI, 20.6-32.4) episodes per 1000 patient-days. The incidence rate of IABP explantation due to complications was 7.2 (95%CI, 4.5-10.8) cases per 1000 patient-days. CONCLUSIONS: In a setting of short waiting list times, IABP can be used to bridge candidates to urgent HT with acceptable postoperative results, but there were significant rates of adverse clinical events during support.

Impact of intra-aortic balloon pump on short-term clinical outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A "real life" single center experience.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use and impact of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) upon the 30-day mortality rate and short-term clinical outcome of non-selected patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (acute STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). DESIGN: A single-center retrospective case-control study was carried out. SETTING: Coronary Care Unit. PATIENTS: Data were collected from 825 consecutive patients with acute STEMI admitted to a Coronary Care Unit from January 2009 to August 2015. Seventy-three patients with CS upon admission subjected to emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were finally included in the analysis and were stratified according to IABP use (44 patients receiving IABP). VARIABLES: Cardiovascular history, hemodynamic situation upon admission, angiographic and procedural characteristics, and variables derived from admission to the Coronary Care Unit. RESULTS: Cumulative 30-day mortality was similar in the patients subjected to IABP and in those who received conventional medical therapy only (29.5% and 27.6%, respectively; HR with IABP 1.10, 95% CI 0.38-3.11; p=0.85). Similarly, no significant differences were found in terms of the short-term clinical outcome between the groups: time on mechanical ventilation, days to hemodynamic stabilization, vasoactive drug requirements and stay in the Coronary Care Unit. Poorer renal function (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4-10.6; p=0.008), known peripheral artery disease (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-9.1; p=0.019) and a history of diabetes mellitus (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2-8.1; p=0.018) were the only variables independently associated to increased 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: In our "real life" experience, IABP does not modify 30-day mortality or the short-term clinical outcome in patients presenting STEMI complicated with CS and subjected to emergency percutaneous coronary revascularization.

Balón de contrapulsación e inotrópicos no catecolamínicos en el manejo del shock cardiogénico secundario a cardiopatía de Takotsubo: Una serie de casos / Intraaortic balloon pump and non-catecholamine inotropic drugs in the management of cardiogenic shock due toTakotsubo cardiomyopathy: A series of cases / Balão de contra-pulsação intra-aórtico e drogas inotrópicas não catecolamínicas no manejo de choque cardiogênico por cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: Uma série de casos

Introducción. La cardiopatía por estrés o síndrome de Takotsubo suele complicarse con el desarrollo de shock cardiogénico, pudiendo requerir de apoyo inotrópico. En dicha situación la utilización de fármacos derivados de catecolaminas ha sido cuestionada, planteándose la utilidad del balón de contrapulsación e inotrópicos no catecolamínicos. Material y métodos. Fueron incluidos pacientes con cardiopatía de Takotsubo y desarrollo de shock cardiogénico tratados con balón de contrapulsación e inotrópicos no catecolamínicos, en dos hospitales universitarios. Resultados. Entre el 1º de Enero de 2010 y el 1º de Enero de 2014 fueron incluidas 6 pacientes de sexo femenino con un promedio de edad de 54 años, con criterios hemodinámicos de shock cardiogénico. En todas se implantó balón de contrapulsación, recibiendo además tres de ellas tratamiento con milrinona y tres con levosimendan. La evolución hemodinámica fue favorable, desarrollando una paciente fibrilación auricular y otra paciente pérdida de pulso en el miembro del balón. Conclusiones. En una serie de pacientes con cardiopatía de Takotsubo y desarrollo de shock cardiogénico, el manejo con balón de contrapulsación e inotrópicos no derivados de catecolaminas resultó efectivo y seguro. Estudios con un número apropiado de pacientes determinarán la utilidad de dicha terapéutica.

Introduction. Stress cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo's syndrome could be complicated with development of cardiogenic shock requiring inotropic support. In that situation the use of catecholamines drugs has been questioned, being proposed the utilization of intraaortic balloon pump and non-catecholamines inotropic drugs. Materials and methods. There were included patients with Takotsubo's cardiomyopathy and development of cardiogenic shock who were treated with intraaortic balloon pump and non-catecholamines inotropic drugs, in two university hospitals. Results. Between January 1 of 2010 and January 1 of 2014 there were admitted 6 female patients with an average age of 54 years, showing hemodynamic criteria of cardiogenic shock. All of them received an intraaortic balloon pump and were also treated with milrinone, in 3 cases, and levosimendan, the other 3 patients. The hemodynamic evolution was favorable presenting, as complications, an atrial fibrillation, in one case, and loosing pulse in the balloon`s limb in another case. Conclusions. In a series of patients with Takotsubo`s cardiomyopathy developing cardiogenic shock the treatment with intraaortic balloon pump and non-catecholamine inotropic drugs was effective and safe. Studies with an appropriate number of patients will determine the utility of this approach.

Introdução. A cardiomiopatia do estresse ou síndrome de Tako-tsubo poderia ser complicada com o desenvolvimento de choque cardiogênico, necessitando de suporte inotrópico. Nessa situação, o uso de drogas catecolamínicas tem sido questionado, sendo proposta a utilização de balão de contra-pulsação intra-aórtico e drogas inotrópicas não catecolamínicas. Materiais e métodos. Foram incluídos pacientes com cardiomiopatia de Tako-tsubo e desenvolvimento de choque cardiogênico que foram tratados com balão de contra-pulsação intra-aórtico e drogas inotrópicas não catecolamínicas, em dois hospitais universitários. Resultados. Entre 1 de Janeiro de 2010 e 1 de Janeiro de 2014 foram internadas 6 pacientes do sexo feminino, com uma média idade de 54 anos, mostrando critérios hemodinâmicos de choque cardiogênico. Todos eles receberam um balão de contra-pulsação intra-aórtico e também foram tratados com milrinona, em 3 casos, e levosimendan, os outras 3 pacientes. A evolução hemodinâmica foi favorável, desenvolvendo uma paciente fibrilação atrial e outra perda de pulso A evolução hemodinâmica estava apresentando favorável, como complicações, uma fibrilação atrial, em um caso, e perdendo impulso no membro do balão de contra-pulsação em outro caso. Conclusões. Em uma série de pacientes com cardiomiopatia Tako-tsubo e desenvolvimento de choque cardiogênico, o tratamento com balão de contra-pulsação intra-aórtico e drogas inotrópicas não catecolamínicas foi eficaz e segura. Estudos com um número apropriado de pacientes irão determinar a utilidade desta terapia.

Intervenciones de enfermería al paciente durante el retiro del balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico / Nursing interventions to the patient during removal of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation", "_i": "

La utilización de la tecnología en la atención de las personas en estado crítico busca mejorar su condición de salud. Ante este escenario, el profesional de enfermería debe poseer las competencias esenciales y específicas para otorgar cuidados de calidad y seguridad, incluso requiere demostrar autonomía en la toma de decisiones en el ámbito de su competencia profesional, factor que fortalece la valoración, el seguimiento e identificación de posibles complicaciones. Por lo tanto, en el presente artículo se abordan las intervenciones de enfermería oportunas dirigidas al paciente durante el retiro del balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico con la finalidad de establecer una guía que oriente la práctica segura, y así delimitar las complicaciones vasculares posteriores.

The use of technology in the care of people in critical condition seeks to improve their health. Given this scenario, the nursing professional must possess specific core competences to provide quality care and show autonomy in decision-making in the field of their professional competence, a factor that strengthens the assessment, monitoring and identification of complications. Therefore, this article addresses the appropriate nursing interventions directed to the patient during withdrawal of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in order to establish a guide that orients safe practice and thus keep down subsequent vascular complications.

Intervenciones de enfermería al paciente asistido con balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico / Nursing interventions to the patient assisted with intraaortic counterpulsation balloon", "_i": "

El profesional de enfermería que proporciona cuidados al paciente con balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico, también conocido como BIAC, requiere de un perfil acorde a la complejidad de la atención que se proporciona; es decir debe poseer los conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas que permitan proporcionar intervenciones seguras y efectivas en situaciones que ameriten una conducta inmediata y oportuna, sin dejar de lado el aspecto humano a cambio de un cuidado técnico, calificado y ético; éste es un desafío perenne en la recuperación cardiovascular del paciente y las unidades intensivas. Ante este panorama, el presente artículo detalla las intervenciones para el cuidado del paciente que recibe asistencia con balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico, a fin de orientar a los profesionales en su práctica diaria

The nurse who provides care to the patient with intra aortic balloon pump, also known as BIAC, requires a profile according to the complexity of the care provided, i.e. must possess the knowledge, skills and abilities allowing safe and effective interventions in situations requiring immediate and timely conduct, without neglecting the human aspect in exchange for a skilled technical and ethical care; perennial challenge in the patient’s cardiovascular recovery and intensive care units. Faced with this panorama, this article details the care interventions for the patient receiving intra aortic balloon pump assistance, to guide practitioners in their daily practice.

Disección septal tras infarto de miocardio inferior / Septal dissection after inferior acute myocardial infarction

La disección del septum interventricular y su rotura constituyen una posible causa de la comunicación interventricular luego de un infarto de miocardio. En esta presentación se describe el caso de un varón de 68 años con un infarto agudo de miocardio inferior que fue intervenido en forma satisfactoria de un seudoaneurisma septal diagnosticado intraoperatoriamente.

Septal dissection after inferior acute myocardial infarction Septal dissection and rupture are a possible cause of ventricular septal defect after acute myocardial infarction. This presentation reports the case of a 68 year-old man with inferior acute myocardial infarction, who was satisfactorily operated of a septal pseudoaneurysm diagnosed intraoperatively.

Disección septal tras infarto de miocardio inferior / Septal dissection after inferior acute myocardial infarction

La disección del septum interventricular y su rotura constituyen una posible causa de la comunicación interventricular luego de un infarto de miocardio. En esta presentación se describe el caso de un varón de 68 años con un infarto agudo de miocardio inferior que fue intervenido en forma satisfactoria de un seudoaneurisma septal diagnosticado intraoperatoriamente.(AU)

Septal dissection after inferior acute myocardial infarction Septal dissection and rupture are a possible cause of ventricular septal defect after acute myocardial infarction. This presentation reports the case of a 68 year-old man with inferior acute myocardial infarction, who was satisfactorily operated of a septal pseudoaneurysm diagnosed intraoperatively.(AU)

Intervenciones de enfermería al paciente durante la instalación de balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico / Nursing interventions to the patient during the installation of intra-aortic counterpulsation balloon", "_i": "

El balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico (BCIA) es un dispositivo que se utiliza como primera elección en cualquier protocolo de asistencia mecánica circulatoria, ya que proporciona mayor oportunidad de supervivencia en pacientes con insuficiencia coronaria severa. Por su complejidad durante la instalación, el profesional de enfermería debe poseer las competencias específicas y genéricas para proporcionar atención segura y de calidad. Ante este contexto se presenta el siguiente procedimiento como recomendación para el cuidado del paciente adulto durante la fase de instalación del BCIA.

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) is a device of first choice to patients with ventricular assist providing chance of survival in patients with severe coronary insufficiency. For the complexity during installation, the nurse care needs specific and generic skills to give safe, quality care. Given this context, the following procedure presents a recommendation for adult patient care during the installation of IABC.

Validation of a protocol to assist patients with intra-aortic balloon

OBJECTIVE: To develop a protocol of care for patients with Intra-Aortic Balloon and validate the content of this protocol. METHODS: Study of quantitative and descriptive approach. The methodology followed three steps: development of the instrument; content validity and reliability verification of the protocol for the analysis of agreement between specialists with greater experience. The study included 48 specialists, including physicians and nurses experienced in patient care in use of balloon. Items considered valid achieved at least 75% of consensus before the analysis of agreement between evaluators. RESULTS: We evaluated 36 items, of these, 20 were considered valid. The reliability was also verified, using consistency of the responses of more experienced evaluators. Among the items submitted to new statistical analysis by these evaluators, only two were considered valid. CONCLUSION: Based on the content validation, a protocol with 22 items concerning patient care without the use of intra-aortic balloon was developed.

OBJETIVOS: Elaborar um protocolo de cuidados a pacientes com Balão Intra Aórtico e validar o conteúdo desse protocolo. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo. A trajetória metodológica seguiu três etapas: elaboração do instrumento; validação do conteúdo e verificação da confiabilidade do protocolo pela análise de concordância entre peritos com maior tempo de experiência. Participaram do estudo 48 peritos, entre médicos e enfermeiros, experientes em assistência ao paciente em uso do balão. Os itens considerados válidos obtiveram consenso mínimo de 75% perante a análise de concordância entre os avaliadores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 36 itens, destes, 20 foram considerados válidos. Verificou-se também a confiabilidade, utilizando a congruência das respostas dos avaliadores mais experientes. Dos itens submetidos à nova análise estatística por esses avaliadores, apenas dois foram considerados válidos. CONCLUSÃO: Com base na validação do conteúdo, elaborou-se um protocolo com 22 itens referentes aos cuidados a paciente sem uso do Balão Intra-Aórtico.

OBJETIVOS: Elaborar un protocolo de cuidados a pacientes con Balón Intraaórtico y validar el contenido de ese protocolo. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, descriptivo. La trayectoria metodológica siguió tres etapas: elaboración del instrumento; validación del contenido y verificación de la confiabilidad del protocolo por el análisis de concordancia entre peritos con mayor tiempo de experiencia. Participaron en el estudio 48 peritos, entre médicos y enfermeros, con experiencia en asistencia al paciente en uso del balón. Los items considerados válidos obtuvieron consenso mínimo del 75% frente al análisis de concordancia entre los evaluadores. RESULTADOS: Fueron evaluados 36 items, de éstos, 20 fueron considerados válidos. Se verificó también la confiabilidad, utilizando la congruencia de las respuestas de los evaluadores más experientes. De los items sometidos al nuevo análisis estadístico por esos evaluadores, apenas dos se considerarons válidos. CONCLUSIÓN: Con base en la validación del contenido, se elaboró un protocolo con 22 items referentes a los cuidados al paciente sin uso del Balón Intraaórtico.

Impacto del balón intra-aórtico de contrapulsación en la mortalidad por choque cardiogénico secundario a infarto agudo del miocardio / Impact of the intra-aortic balloon pump in the mortality due to cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocardial infarction

Propósito del trabajo: Determinar el impacto del balón intra-aórtico de contrapulsación en la mortalidad por choque cardiogénico postinfarto agudo del miocardio. Método: 292 pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios en el período comprendido de febrero de 2001 a febrero del 2003, de los cuales 40 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, posteriormente fueron divididos en 2 grupos: choque cardiogénico temprano y tardío, se les asignó al azar y de forma ciega a recibir tratamiento a base de inotrópicos aislados e inotrópicos más balón intra-aórtico de contrapulsación. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas en ambos grupos en los valores de la presión en cuña de la pulmonar (20.4 ± 1.6 vs 24.4 ± 1.50, p = 0.0004) y el índice cardíaco (2.06 ± 0.7 vs 1.65 ± 0.18, p = 0.0002). El grupo de choque tardío presentó una mayor mortalidad (25.9% vs 61.5%, p < 0.05), los pacientes que recibieron apoyo con balón mostraron una disminución en la mortalidad del 66% y 69% en choque temprano y tardío respectivamente. Conclusiones: El uso del balón intra-aórtico de contrapulsación en los pacientes que desarrollan choque cardiogénico post IAM disminuye la mortalidad, como coadyuvante con el uso de inotrópicos y angioplastía primaria.

Objective: To determine the impact of the intra-aortic balloon pump in the mortality due to cardiogenic shock post-acute myocardial infarction. Methods: In a two-year period, 292 patients with acute myocardial infarction were admitted to the coronary intensive care unit, 40 were included in the study. Afterwards, patients were divided in two groups: early cardiogenic and late cardiogenic shock, and they were assigned randomly and blind to treatment with inotropics and inotropics plus intra-aortic balloon pump. Results: There were significant differences in the measurements of pulmonary wedge pressure (20.4 ± 1.6 vs 24.4 ± 1.50, p = 0.0004) and the cardiac index (2.06 ± 0.7 vs 1.65 ± 0.18, p = 0.0002) between the two groups. The late cardiogenic shock group showed an increased mortality (25.9% vs 61.5%, p < 0.05). Patients treated with inotropics + balloon, in both early and late shock groups, showed a reduction in mortality of 66% and 69%, respectively. Conclusions: The use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in the treatment of cardiogenic shock post acute myocardial infarction reduces the mortality when associated with the use of inotropics and reperfusion. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2005; 75: 260-266).