Afrontamiento al distrés relacionado con la disfunción eréctil en varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Coping with erectile dysfunction-related distress in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: los estudios sobre afrontamiento al distrés generado por las dificultades sexuales en personas con diabetes mellitus son escasos. Objetivos: identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento que emplea un grupo de varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 frente al distrés generado por la disfunción eréctil, y explorar la relación entre estas estrategias y sus necesidades percibidas y referidas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, que combinó metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, en el que participaron 10 varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y disfunción eréctil secundaria. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Escala de Modos de Afrontamiento, de RS Lazarus y S Folkman, Técnica de los 10 Deseos y Entrevista Semi-estructurada. La información cuantitativa se procesó a través de valores absolutos, porcentajes y medias (según dato e instrumento), y la cualitativa a través de la extracción de temas generales, categorías y contenidos. Se realizó triangulación teórica y de fuentes. Los aspectos éticos fueron considerados. Resultados: los sujetos tenían edad media de 51,6 años, nivel escolar superior y medio-superior, y todos fueron residentes en La Habana. Aparecieron divergencias entre las estrategias referidas a través del cuestionario y la entrevista: en el primero los sujetos refirieron con mayor frecuencia la búsqueda de apoyo social (media 1,8), mientras en las entrevistas refirieron mayormente la huida-evitación, a través de estrategias emergentes y coadyuvantes como: el desinterés informacional, la búsqueda de causas externas y la búsqueda de nuevas experiencias. Las necesidades y motivaciones fundamentales se expresaron en el área sexual-marital. Conclusiones: los sujetos utilizaron el manejo emocional como estilo de afrontamiento fundamental frente al distrés relacionado con la disfunción eréctil, a través de la estrategia de huida-evitación. Este hecho, la relevancia otorgada a la sexualidad y otros aspectos discutidos en el artículo, condicionan importantes vulnerabilidades psicosexuales en los sujetos estudiados(AU)

Introduction: the studies on the coping with distress generated by sexual difficulties in diabetes mellitus persons are scanty. Objectives: to identify the coping strategies of a group of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus against the distress generated by erectile dysfunction and to explore the relationship between these strategies and their perceived and referred requirements. Methods: cross sectional and descriptive study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Ten men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary erectile dysfunction participated in it. The instruments were Coping Modes Scale of RS Lazarus and S. Folkman, Ten-desire technique and semi-structured interview. The quantitative information was processed by using absolute values, percentages and means (according to data or instrument used) and the qualitative one through extracting general topics, categories and contents. Theoretical and source triangulation was carried out. Ethical aspects were taken into consideration. Results: the subjects were 51.6 years-old as average, higher and middle-higher education and all were living in Havana. There were divergences among the strategies mentioned in the questionnaire and the interview in the former, the subjects stated the search for social support more frequently (mean of 1.8) whereas in the latter, they mostly mentioned runaway-avoidance, through emerging and coadjutant strategies such as lack of interest in information, search of external causes and search of new experiences. Fundamental needs and motivations were expressed in the sexual-marital area. Conclusions: the participants used emotional management as a fundamental way of coping with erectile dysfunction distress, through the runaway-avoidance strategy. This event, the importance given to sexuality and other discussed aspects in the article give rise to important psychosexual vulnerabilities in the studied subjects(AU)

Estratégias de enfrentamento do câncer de mama: um estudo de caso com famílias de mulheres mastectomizadas / Coping with breast cancer: a case study on families of mastectomized women

Este estudo pretendeu conhecer e analisar estratégias de enfrentamento do câncer de mama desenvolvidas por famílias que têm entre seus membros mulheres com esta doença. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações em residências de cinco famílias de mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama, totalizando 21 entrevistados, em diferentes estágios da doença e tratamento num hospital especializado em oncologia. Foram investigadas estratégias das categorias: busca de informação, ação direta, inibição de ação, esforços intrapsíquicos, voltar-se para os outros. Destacaram-se no processo de enfrentamento do câncer a relação dialética entre as estratégias de pacientes e familiares, a participação ativa e constante dos membros das famílias de origem e extensa e as características da instituição em que as mulheres com câncer de mama foram atendidas.

This study sought to analyze strategies for coping with the disease and the implications of breast cancer for the affected families. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted in households with 5 families of women diagnosed with breast cancer in various stages of development and care, which were treated in a hospital specialized in Oncology. 21 people had been interviewed: 5 patients and 16 familiar members. The categories investigated were: Search for information, direct action, inhibition of action, intrapsychic efforts, back up to the other. Findings show a disparity between strategies adopted by patients and family members. The process of coping with cancer emphasized the dialectical relationship between patients and relatives, the active and constant participation by members of the families of origin, relations and friends, the characteristics of the institution where women with breast cancer were treated and the implications of this type of cancer.