Silent Kawasaki Disease Affecting Multiple Coronary Arteries in a 39-Year-Old Egyptian Woman.

Kawasaki disease, an acute febrile illness, can cause vasculitis in the coronary arteries. It is the chief acquired cause of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in infants, children, and young adults in developed countries. We report a case of chronic, silent Kawasaki disease complicated by multivessel thrombosis in a 39-year-old Egyptian woman. The patient presented with progressive, unstable angina but was otherwise asymptomatic and at negligible risk of ischemic heart disease. Coronary angiograms showed critical arterial stenosis with multiple aneurysms. During revascularization surgery, the patient's harvested left internal mammary artery was found to have occlusive lesions and aneurysmal areas that made it unfit for bypass grafting, and subsequent histopathologic examination revealed features characteristic of chronic Kawasaki disease-associated systemic vasculitis. We think that this is only the second report of Kawasaki disease in the Arabian Mediterranean region. In addition to the patient's case, we discuss the epidemiology and management of Kawasaki disease, in hopes of increasing clinicians' awareness.

Coronary artery calcium score: current status.

The coronary artery calcium score plays an Important role In cardiovascular risk stratification, showing a significant association with the medium- or long-term occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Here, we discuss the following: protocols for the acquisition and quantification of the coronary artery calcium score by multidetector computed tomography; the role of the coronary artery calcium score in coronary risk stratification and its comparison with other clinical scores; its indications, interpretation, and prognosis in asymptomatic patients; and its use in patients who are symptomatic or have diabetes.

O escore de cálcio coronariano tem papel relevante na estratificação de risco cardiovascular, apresentando significativa associação com a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores no acompanhamento de médio e longo prazo. São discutidos: os protocolos de aquisição e quantificação por meio da tomografia computadorizada multidetectores; seu papel na estratificação de risco coronariano e relação com os demais escores clínicos; suas indicações, interpretação e prognóstico em pacientes assintomáticos; sua utilização em pacientes sintomáticos e em diabéticos.

Coronary artery calcium score: current status / Escore de cálcio coronariano: estado atual

Abstract The coronary artery calcium score plays an Important role In cardiovascular risk stratification, showing a significant association with the medium- or long-term occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Here, we discuss the following: protocols for the acquisition and quantification of the coronary artery calcium score by multidetector computed tomography; the role of the coronary artery calcium score in coronary risk stratification and its comparison with other clinical scores; its indications, interpretation, and prognosis in asymptomatic patients; and its use in patients who are symptomatic or have diabetes.

Resumo O escore de cálcio coronariano tem papel relevante na estratificação de risco cardiovascular, apresentando significativa associação com a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores no acompanhamento de médio e longo prazo. São discutidos: os protocolos de aquisição e quantificação por meio da tomografia computadorizada multidetectores; seu papel na estratificação de risco coronariano e relação com os demais escores clínicos; suas indicações, interpretação e prognóstico em pacientes assintomáticos; sua utilização em pacientes sintomáticos e em diabéticos.

Características clínicas y pronóstico a un año de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST y arterias coronarias sanas / Clinical characteristics and one year prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation and normal coronary arteries

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y el pronóstico de los pacientes con infarto sin elevación del segmento ST y arterias coronarias normales. Métodos: estudio de cohorte en pacientes con infarto sin elevación del segmento ST con enfermedad coronaria o arterias coronarias normales (sin enfermedad coronaria), en el que se compararon: forma de presentación, intervenciones y desenlaces a un año. Resultados: cada cohorte estuvo compuesta por 24 pacientes. El grupo de pacientes sin enfermedad coronaria fue más joven (56±10 años vs. 63±10 años, p=0,026) y tuvo mayor cantidad de mujeres (62% vs. 29%, p=0,02). El puntaje de riesgo TIMI fue mayor en el grupo con enfermedad coronaria (3,3 vs. 2,5, p=0,02); sin embargo, no se tradujo en coronariografías más tempranas (sin enfermedad coronaria 19±18 h vs. con enfermedad coronaria 27±21 h, p=0,18). El número de vasos enfermos en los pacientes con enfermedad coronaria fue 1,6 y se implantaron 2,04 stents en promedio; en 75% de los casos éstos fueron no medicados. La estancia hospitalaria fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con enfermedad coronaria (3,5±1,7 vs. 2,3±1,1, p=0,01). Los pacientes sin enfermedad coronaria mostraron mejor fracción de eyección (0,57±0,06 vs. 0,50±0,12) y menor número de defectos segmentarios de contractilidad (8 vs. 15 pacientes, p=0,03). No hubo diferencias en cuanto a mortalidad por causa cardiovascular (con enfermedad coronaria 1 caso, sin enfermedad coronaria 0 casos), necesidad de nueva coronariografía (con enfermedad coronaria 1 caso, sin enfermedad coronaria 0 casos) y rehospitalización por dolor torácico (6 casos en ambos grupos). Conclusiones: la probabilidad de rehospitalización por dolor torácico, necesidad de nueva coronariografía y muerte no difirió entre los pacientes con infarto sin elevación del segmento ST con o sin enfermedad coronaria obstructiva.

Objective: to describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation and normal coronary arteries. Methods: cohort study in patients with myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation with coronary disease or with normal coronary arteries (without coronary disease), in which we compared clinical presentation, interventions and outcomes at one year. Results: each cohort consisted of 24 patients. The group of patients without coronary disease was younger (56 ± 10 years vs. 63 ± 10 years, p = 0.026) and had more women (62% vs. 29%, p = 0.02). The TIMI risk score was higher in the group with coronary heart disease (3.3 vs. 2.5, p = 0.02); however, it did not result into earlier coronary angiography (without coronary disease 19 ± 18 hours, vs. with coronary artery disease 27 ± 21 hours, p = 0.18). The number of diseased vessels in patients with coronary artery disease was 1.6 and 2.04 stents were implanted on average; in 75% of cases these were not medicated. Hospital stay was significantly higher in the group with coronary heart disease (3.5 ± 1.7 vs. 2.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.01). Patients without coronary artery disease showed better ejection fraction (0.57 ± 0.06 vs. 0.50 ± 0.12) and lower number of segmental defects of contractility (8 vs. 15 patients, p = 0.03). There were no differences in mortality from cardiovascular causes (1 case with coronary artery disease; without coronary disease 0 cases), need for new coronary angiography (1 patient with coronary artery disease, without coronary disease 0 cases), and rehospitalization due to chest pain (6 cases in both groups). Conclusions: the probability of rehospitalization for chest pain, need for new coronary angiography and death did not differ between patients with infarction without ST-segment elevation with or without obstructive coronary disease.