Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation.

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality. (AU)

¿En qué medida la adversidad temprana y la depresión explican la satisfacción de pareja? / How does early adversity and depression explain satisfaction of a couple?

Las experiencias adversas durante la infancia pueden constituirse en eventos traumáticos que impactan la calidad de los vínculos y la salud mental a lo largo del ciclo vital, siendo la depresión un trastorno frecuente en quienes reportan estas vivencias. La depresión ha sido asociada positivamente a la adversidad temprana y negativamente con la satisfacción de pareja durante la adultez, pero se desconoce el valor explicativo de la adversidad temprana y la depresión en los niveles de satisfacción de pareja. Considerando estos antecedentes, se desarrolló un estudio transversal, correlacional y comparativo en 160 madres y padres chilenos(as). Los resultados mostraron altos niveles de satisfacción de pareja y una asociación positiva entre las experiencias adversas y la depresión en padres y madres. Las madres presentaron mayores puntajes que los padres en depresión [t(79) =4.72, p<.001] y en experiencias adversas tempranas [t(79)= 3.468, p<.001], explicando la depresión materna y paterna junto a la satisfacción de pareja paterna un 51.8% de la satisfacción de pareja en las mujeres. En cuanto a los padres, su sintomatología depresiva y la satisfacción de la madre, explicaron un 58.9% de su satisfacción de pareja. Se discute la relevancia y las implicancias clínicas de los resultados

Adverse experiences in childhood are often traumatic events that affect relationships and mental health throughout the life cycle, with depression being a prevalent disorder in those who report them. Although depression has been positively associated with early adver-sity and negatively with couple satisfaction during adulthood, there are no studies that evaluate the explanatory value of both variables at the level of couple satisfaction. Therefore, a cross-sectional, correlational and comparative study was carried out in 160 fathers and mothers. The results showed high levels of couple satisfaction and a positive association between childhood adverse experiences and depression in parents. Mothers showed higher scores than fathers in depression [t(79) = 4.72; p <, 001] and in childhood adverse experiences [t(79) = 3,468 p <.001]. Moreover, for them, depression explained 53% of couple satisfaction. As for the father, a depressive symptomatology, childhood adverse experiences and the mother's depressive symptomatology explained 35% of his couple satisfaction

Phubbing en las Relaciones Románticas: Uso del Celular, Satisfacción en la Pareja, Bienestar Psicológico y Salud Mental / Phubbing in Romantic Relationships: Cell Phone Use, Couple Satisfaction, Psychological Well-Being and Mental Health

El propósito del estudio fue examinar si el uso frecuente del celular (phubbing) impacta directamente la satisfacción en las relaciones románticas e indirectamente el bienestar psicológico y la salud mental de los puertorriqueños. El Estudio 1 analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Phubbing en la Pareja y de la Escala de Conflictos Relacionados al Uso del Celular. Los análisis demostraron que las escalas son confiables y válidas. El Estudio 2 evaluó el objetivo principal del estudio con una muestra no probabilística de 392 puertorriqueñas seleccionados por disponibilidad. Los resultados confirmaron el rol mediador que tiene la satisfacción en la relación de pareja entre el phubbing, el bienestar psicológico y la salud mental. En general, los participantes que reportaron mayor phubbing, mostraban menor satisfacción en la relación de pareja, mayor sintomatología asociada a depresión, ansiedad y estrés, y menor bienestar psicológico. Nuestro estudio aporta evidencia sobre el efecto negativo que puede tener el uso desmedido del celular en las relaciones románticas, así como en la salud mental de los individuos.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if frequent cell phone use (phubbing) has a direct impact in the couple's satisfaction, and an indirect effect on the psychological well-being and mental health of Puerto Rican. Study 1 examines the psychometric properties of the Partner Phubbing Scale and the Cell Phone Conflict Scale. The scales were found to be highly reliable and valid. Study 2 assessed the study's proposed relationships among a non-probabilistic sample of 392 Puerto Ricans, selected by availability. The results showed a significant mediation of couple's satisfaction in the relationship between phubbing, psychological well-being and mental health. Overall, participants who rated more phubbing in their relationships also reported lower couple's satisfaction, more symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress, and lower psychological well-being. Our study provides empirical evidence on the negative effect of excessive use of cell phones within romantic relationships, as well on people's mental health.