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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 78(4)16-28 feb., 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230632

RESUMO

Introducción La neurocisticercosis (NCC), una posible causa de epilepsia con datos epidemiológicos limitados en la República Dominicana, es endémica en cuatro provincias de la región suroeste. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la NCC y la epilepsia en personas que viven en estas regiones endémicas, así como obtener datos preliminares sobre la prevalencia de NCC en estas provincias. Sujetos y métodos Se utilizó un diseño de casos y controles compuesto por 111 pacientes con epilepsia de causa desconocida y 60 controles sin epilepsia ni NCC. El diagnóstico de NCC se basó en la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética del cráneo, así como en el inmunotransferencia de Western para anticuerpos séricos contra Taenia solium, siguiendo los criterios de Del Brutto et al. Resultados Se encontró NCC en el 27% de los pacientes con epilepsia (n = 30/111) y en el 5% de los controles (n = 3/60); los casos de epilepsia tenían siete veces más probabilidades de tener NCC que los controles (odds ratio = 7,04, intervalo de confianza al 95%: 2,04-24,18; p < 0,001). Las características sociodemográficas de los participantes, como la edad, el sexo, el nivel de escolaridad, la ocupación y la provincia de residencia no mostraron significación estadística en cuanto a la asociación con NCC. Conclusiones Este estudio sugiere que la NCC está fuertemente asociada con la epilepsia en la región suroeste de la República Dominicana, y destaca la necesidad de medidas de salud pública para mejorar la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de ambas enfermedades. (AU)


INTRODUCTION Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a possible cause of epilepsy with limited epidemiological data in the Dominican Republic, is endemic in four provinces in the country’s south-western region. This study aimed to determine the association between NCC and epilepsy among people living in these endemic regions, and to obtain preliminary data on the prevalence of NCC in these provinces. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control design was used, consisting of 111 patients with epilepsy with unknown causes, and 60 controls without epilepsy or NCC. The diagnosis of NCC was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the skull, as well as Western immunoblotting for serum antibodies using Taenia solium, following the criteria of Del Brutto et al. RESULTS NCC was found in 27% of the epileptic patients (n = 30/111) and in 5% of the controls (n = 3/60); the probability of the epileptic patients having NCC was seven times higher than the controls (odds ratio = 7.04, 95% confidence interval: 2.04-24.18; p < 0.001). The participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, including their age, sex, level of education, occupation, and province of residence presented no statistical significance in terms of their association with NCC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NCC is strongly associated with epilepsy in the south-western region of the Dominican Republic, and highlights the need for public health measures to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of both diseases. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Neurocisticercose/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Taenia solium , República Dominicana
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 76(5): 153-158, Ene-Jun. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216665

RESUMO

Introducción: La epilepsia de la infancia con puntas centrotemporales (EIPCT) es la epilepsia focal autolimitada más frecuente. Este estudio tenía como objetivo evaluar los aspectos cognitivos, conductuales y otros aspectos neuropsicológicos de niños con EIPCT, y compararlos con un grupo de control. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles entre enero y mayo de 2022. Se seleccionó para su inclusión en el estudio a pacientes con EIPCT, con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 18 años, en seguimiento en nuestro hospital. Por cada caso, se reclutó, de forma aleatoria, a dos controles de la misma edad. Todos los participantes realizaron la prueba EpiTrack Junior®, y sus padres rellenaron la lista de verificación del comportamiento infantil (CBCL). Resultados: Se incluyó a 18 pacientes (edad media: 8,7 ± 1,7 años). En el momento del diagnóstico de EIPCT, el 83% de los casos presentaba un desarrollo psicomotor adecuado, y el 17%, un trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Las puntuaciones del EpiTrack-Junior® y de la escala total de problemas de la CBCL no se vieron influidas por la lateralidad del foco epiléptico ni por el número de crisis. El 61% de los casos mostró un trastorno leve o significativo en la prueba EpiTrack-Junior® frente al 44% de los controles (p = 0,712), y el 39% de los casos frente al 14% de los controles tuvieron puntuaciones ‘clínicamente significativas’ en la escala total de problemas de la CBCL. Conclusiones: Aunque este estudio no encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre casos y controles, cabe señalar que la mayor parte de los pacientes con EIPCT presentaba un deterioro leve o significativo en las funciones ejecutivas. Un porcentaje considerable de casos se encontraba en el rango patológico en cuanto a problemas emocionales/conductuales. Este estudio destaca la importancia de examinar los problemas cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales de los pacientes con EIPCT.(AU)


Introduction: Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) is the most frequent self-limited focal epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the cognitive, behavioral, and other neuropsychological aspects of children with SeLECTS, and compare them with a control group. Subjects and methods: A case-control study was carried out between January and May 2022. Patients with SeLECTS, aged between 6 and 18 years, and followed-up at our hospital were selected for inclusion in the study. For each case, two age-matched controls were opportunistically recruited. All the participants performed the EpiTrack Junior® test, and their parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: Eighteen patients were included (mean age: 8.7 ± 1.7 years). At SeLECTS’ diagnosis, 83% of cases had adequate psychomotor development, and 17% had a neurodevelopmental disorder. The EpiTrack-Junior® and the Total Problems CBCL scores were not influenced by the laterality of the epileptic focus nor by the number of seizures. 61% of cases showed mild or significant impairment in the EpiTrack-Junior® test versus 44% of controls (p = 0.712), and 39% of cases vs. 14% of controls had ‘clinically significant’ scores on the Total Problems CBCL scale (p = 0.087). Conclusions: Although this study did not find statistically significant differences between cases and controls, it should be noted that most patients with SeLECTS had a mild or significant disability in executive functions. A considerable percentage of cases were in the pathological range regarding emotional/behavioral problems. This study highlights the importance of screening the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems in all patients with SeLECTS.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Comorbidade , Epilepsia Rolândica , Epilepsia , Convulsões , Disfunção Cognitiva , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 76(9): 309-312, May 1, 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219772

RESUMO

Introducción: El estado epiléptico superrefractario (EESR) es una entidad neurológica con una importante morbimortalidad, en la que se dispone de pocas opciones terapéuticas. La sedación inhalatoria con isoflurano es un tratamiento de uso compasivo actualmente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas. Existe poca documentación sobre su utilidad en el tratamiento del estado epiléptico refractario y superrefractario, pero parece ser una alternativa terapéutica útil y segura para esta patología. Casos clínicos: Este artículo es una revisión de tres casos de EESR tratados con isoflurano. Se evaluó el control de las crisis epilépticas por isoflurano mediante monitorización electroencefalográfica. Otras variables evaluadas han sido el tiempo transcurrido hasta el control de las crisis, la supervivencia, el resultado funcional y la aparición de complicaciones secundarias al isoflurano. En los tres casos revisados, el isoflurano se mostró efectivo para el control de las crisis epilépticas en pacientes afectados por EESR. El control de las crisis epilépticas se logró rápidamente, y se pudo titular fácil y rápidamente la mínima dosis que obtenía el patrón burst-suppression. A pesar del control de la epilepsia, se objetivó una elevada mortalidad (66,66%). Esto se explica tanto por la mortalidad del EESR como por las patologías subyacentes de los pacientes fallecidos. El uso de isoflurano no presentó complicaciones. Conclusión: Con los resultados obtenidos, es factible pensar que el uso de isoflurano no se relaciona con las lesiones en el sistema nervioso central descritas en otros artículos, y se puede considerar que este tratamiento es efectivo y seguro para el control del EESR.(AU)


Introduction: Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a neurological condition with an important morbidity and mortality rate, for which few therapeutic options are available. Inhalation sedation with isoflurane is currently a compassionate-use treatment in Spanish intensive care units. Little has been written about its usefulness in the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus, but it appears to be a useful and safe therapeutic alternative for this condition. Case reports: This article reviews three cases of SRSE treated with isoflurane. The capacity of isoflurane to control seizures was assessed by electroencephalographic monitoring. Other variables assessed were time to seizure control, survival, functional outcome and occurrence of complications secondary to isoflurane. In the three cases reviewed, isoflurane proved to be effective for seizure control in patients affected by SRSE. Seizure control was accomplished quickly and the minimum dose required to obtain a burst-suppression pattern was titrated easily and rapidly. Despite controlling epilepsy, high mortality was observed (66.66%). This is explained by both the mortality of SRSE and the underlying pathologies of the patients who died. The use of isoflurane did not give rise to any complications. Conclusion: With the results obtained, it is feasible to think that the use of isoflurane is not related to lesions in the central nervous system reported in other articles, and this treatment can be considered effective and safe for the control of SRSE.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Epilepsia , Isoflurano , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Estado Epiléptico , Convulsões , Espanha , Neurologia
4.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38(1): 30-35, enero 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214937

RESUMO

Introducción: Las crisis epilépticas son un motivo de ingreso frecuente en urgencias y requieren una actuación diagnóstico-terapéutica precoz y precisa. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las características clínico-evolutivas de una serie de pacientes con crisis epilépticas atendidos en urgencias.MétodosEstudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes con crisis epilépticas que ingresaron en urgencias y fueron atendidos por neurología de guardia, de febrero a agosto de 2017.ResultadosSe incluyeron 153 pacientes, correspondientes al 9,9% del total de urgencias neurológicas. La mediana de edad fue de 58 años, el 52,3% fueron mujeres y el 51% tenía antecedente de epilepsia. El 82,4% de las crisis tuvo un inicio focal y la etiología más frecuente fue la enfermedad cerebrovascular (24,2%). Doce pacientes se complicaron con estatus epiléptico (7,8%), lo que se relacionó con mayor puntuación en la escala ADAN (p < 0,001) y con antecedente de epilepsia refractaria (p = 0,002). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 3,7%; se asoció a mayor edad (p = 0,049) y a estatus epiléptico (p = 0,018). El 80% de los pacientes sin epilepsia conocida recibió el diagnóstico de epilepsia en urgencias, todos iniciaron tratamiento. El índice Kappa de concordancia para el diagnóstico de epilepsia en urgencias, comparado con el diagnóstico tras un año de seguimiento en la unidad de epilepsia fue 0,45 (se modificó el diagnóstico en el 20% de los pacientes).ConclusionesLas crisis epilépticas constituyen una urgencia neurológica frecuente, con potenciales complicaciones y una morbimortalidad relevante. En pacientes sin epilepsia conocida es apropiado realizar el diagnóstico de epilepsia en urgencias, pero es recomendable un seguimiento posterior en consultas especializadas. (AU)


Introduction: Seizures are a frequent reason for admission to emergency departments and require early, precise diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of a series of patients with seizures attended at our hospital's emergency department.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, observational study of all patients with seizures who were admitted to our hospital's emergency department and attended by the on-call neurology service between February and August 2017.ResultsWe included 153 patients, representing 9.9% of all neurological emergency department admissions. The median age was 58 years, 52.3% of patients were women, and 51% had history of epilepsy. Onset was focal in 82.4% of cases, and the most frequent aetiology was cerebrovascular disease (24.2%). Twelve patients (7.8%) developed status epilepticus, which was associated with higher scores on the ADAN scale (P < .001) and with history of refractory epilepsy (P = .002). The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.7%, and in-hospital mortality was associated with older age (P = .049) and status epilepticus (P = .018). Eighty percent of patients with no history of epilepsy were diagnosed with epilepsy at the emergency department; all started treatment. The kappa coefficient for epilepsy diagnosis in the emergency department compared to diagnosis after one year of follow-up by the epilepsy unit was .45 (diagnosis was modified in 20% of patients).ConclusionsSeizures are a frequent neurological emergency with potential complications and considerable morbidity and mortality rates. In patients with no known history of epilepsy, the condition may be diagnosed in the emergency department, but follow-up at specialised epilepsy units is recommended. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Convulsões , Epilepsia , Emergências , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Sistemas de Saúde
5.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 38(1): 29-34, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34836845

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Seizures are a frequent reason for admission to emergency departments and require early, precise diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of a series of patients with seizures attended at our hospital's emergency department. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational study of all patients with seizures who were admitted to our hospital's emergency department and attended by the on-call neurology service between February and August 2017. RESULTS: We included 153 patients, representing 9.9% of all neurological emergency department admissions. The median age was 58 years, 52.3% of patients were women, and 51% had history of epilepsy. Onset was focal in 82.4% of cases, and the most frequent aetiology was cerebrovascular disease (24.2%). Twelve patients (7.8%) developed status epilepticus, which was associated with higher scores on the ADAN scale (P < .001) and with history of refractory epilepsy (P = .002). The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.7%, and in-hospital mortality was associated with older age (P = .049) and status epilepticus (P = .018). Eighty percent of patients with no history of epilepsy were diagnosed with epilepsy at the emergency department; all started treatment. The kappa coefficient for epilepsy diagnosis in the emergency department compared to diagnosis after one year of follow-up by the epilepsy unit was 0.45 (diagnosis was modified in 20% of patients). CONCLUSIONS: Seizures are a frequent neurological emergency with potential complications and considerable morbidity and mortality rates. In patients with no known history of epilepsy, the condition may be diagnosed in the emergency department, but follow-up at specialised epilepsy units is recommended.


Assuntos
Epilepsia , Estado Epiléptico , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões/etiologia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/complicações , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Estado Epiléptico/diagnóstico , Estado Epiléptico/etiologia
6.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 33(6): 389-393, nov.-dic. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213001

RESUMO

El tumor glioneuronal leptomeníngeo difuso es una entidad infrecuente, con un curso indolente; fue descrito en la clasificación de los tumores del sistema del sistema nervioso central de la OMS 2016. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 11 años que comienza con un cuadro clínico inespecífico de cefalea, dolor lumbosacro e hidrocefalia comunicante. En el curso clínico aparecen crisis epilépticas con lesiones nodulares en RM craneal; fue diagnosticado de meningitis tuberculosa y tratado con tuberclostáticos. Ante un deterioro clínico progresivo, a pesar del tratamiento, y empeoramiento de los hallazgos en RM craneoespinal, se le realiza biopsia cerebral y de leptomeninges que confirma el diagnóstico de tumor glioneuronal leptomeníngeo difuso. El tumor glioneuronal leptomeníngeo difuso debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de los cuadros que se presentan con hidrocefalia comunicante y lesiones leptomeníngeas. Se precisa un diagnóstico histológico precoz mediante biopsia para establecer un tratamiento adecuado (AU)


Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNTs) are a rare indolent neoplasm described in the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). We describe a case of an 11 year old boy who initially presented intermittent headache, low back pain and communicating hydrocephalus, misdiagnosed as having tuberculous meningitis. Further clinical deterioration with seizures was observed and follow-up MRI showed further aggravation of leptomeningeal enhancement in the basal cisterns. Biopsy of the brain and leptomeninges revealed a diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor. DLGNT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions presenting as communicating hydrocephalus with nodular lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement. A timely histologic diagnosis through a biopsy of the brain is necessary to confirm the diagnosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imuno-Histoquímica
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(supl.3): 13-18, oct. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405756

RESUMO

Resumen Recientemente la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia (ILAE) socializó la clasificación propuesta para síndromes epilépticos de inicio neonatal y hasta los primeros 2 años de edad, dividiéndolos en síndromes epilépticos autolimitados y las encefalopatías epilépticas y del desarrollo (DEEs). En esta revisión nos dedicaremos a las DEEs, definidas como trastornos donde existe deterioro del desarrollo relacionado tanto con la etiología subyacente independiente de la actividad epileptiforme como con la encefalopatía epiléptica. Estas incluyen en el período neonatal la encefalopatía epiléptica infantil temprana o síndrome de Ohtahara y la encefalopatía mioclónica temprana, ahora agrupadas bajo la denominación de encefalopatías epilépticas y del desarrollo infantil temprano (EIDEE). El síndrome de espamos epilépticos infantiles, la epilepsia de la infancia con crisis migratorias y el síndrome de Dravet forman parte de las encefalopatías de inicio en el lactante. La importancia del reconocimiento temprano de las encefalopatías epilépticas radica no solo en el control de las crisis epilépticas, sino en detener el deterioro intentando cambiar el curso de la enfermedad. Es fundamental conocer la etiología evitando medicamentos que puedan exacerbar las crisis y empeorar el curso, aplicando medicina de precisión así como identificando pacientes candidatos a cirugía temprana de epilepsia.


Abstract The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) recently socialized the proposed classification for epileptic syndromes of neonatal onset and up to the first 2 years of age, dividing them into self-limited epileptic syndromes and epileptic and developmental encephalopathies (DEEs). In this review we will focus on DEEs, defined as disorders in which there is developmental impairment related to both the underlying aetiology independent of epileptiform activity and epileptic encephalopathy. These include early infantile epileptic encephalopathy or Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy in the neonatal period, now grouped under the name of epileptic and early childhood developmental encephalopathies (EIDEE). Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, childhood epilepsy with migratory crises and Dravet syndrome are part of the infant-onset encephalopathies. The importance of early recognition of epileptic encephalopathies lies not only in the control of epileptic seizures, but also in stopping deterioration by trying to change the course of the disease. It is essential to know the etiology, avoiding medications that can exacerbate seizures and worsen the course, applying precision m edicine as well as identifying candidate patients for early epilepsy surgery.

8.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 28(3): 1-10, jul.-sept. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211110

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Los pacientes diagnosticados con epilepsia refractaria (ER) son aquellos que no alcanzan el controlde sus crisis aún tras la aplicación de varios fármacos antiepilépticos (FAEs), por esto se hace necesario laimplementación de un tratamiento coadyuvante, como la dieta cetogénica (DC). El objetivo de la presenteinvestigación es describir el manejo con terapia cetogénica en pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia refractariatratados en el Instituto Roosevelt entre 2019 y 2020. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, incluyó una muestra de 25 pacientes pediátricosdiagnosticados con ER atendidos por el servicio de nutrición en una institución hospitalaria de Colombia, queiniciaron tratamiento con DC. Se identificaron aquellos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, se diseñó unformulario en la plataforma REDCap para recolectar los datos, incluyendo características sociodemográficas, datosantropométricos, información del manejo nutricional y datos clínicos relacionados con su enfermedad de base.Posteriormente se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 9 pacientes, todos en manejo con terapia cetogénica clásica, 8 casos se alimentabanpor vía oral y uno era usuario de gastrostomía. Los principales efectos secundarios asociados fueron, emesis ydiarrea. Se observó reducción parcial de crisis en la mayoría de los pacientes (88,9%) y un caso presentó remisióntotal de crisis (11,1%). Asimismo, durante la terapia 5 pacientes lograron reducir el número de FAEs indicados. Conclusiones: La DC es una alternativa adecuada de tratamiento en pacientes pediátricos con ER, contribuye en ladisminución de crisis epilépticas de los pacientes. (AU)


Background: Patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy (RE) are those who do not achieve control of their seizureseven after the application of several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), therefore the implementation of an adjuvanttreatment, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), becomes necessary. The aim of the present investigation is to describethe management with ketogenic therapy in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy treated at the RooseveltInstitute between 2019 and 2020. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, included a sample of 25 pediatric patients diagnosed withRD attended by the nutrition service in a hospital institution in Colombia, who initiated treatment with CD. Thosewho met the inclusion criteria were identified, a form was designed in the Redcap platform to collect data, includingsociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, nutritional management information and clinical datarelated to their underlying disease. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: The study included 9 patients, all under management with classic ketogenic therapy, 8 cases were fedorally, and one was a gastrostomy user. The main associated side effects were emesis and diarrhea. Partialreduction of seizures was observed in most patients (88.9%) and one case presented total remission of seizures(11.1%). Likewise, during therapy, 5 patients were able to reduce the number of indicated AEDs.Conclusions: CD is an adequate treatment alternative in pediatric patients with RD, contributing to the reduction ofepileptic seizures in patients. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Dieta Cetogênica , Pediatria , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões
9.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37(6): 450-458, Jul.-Aug. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206000

RESUMO

Introducción: La estimulación del nervio vago (ENV) se ha mostrado como una terapia complementaria al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la eficacia de la ENV en relación con la disminución del número, intensidad y duración de las crisis, con la reducción del número de fármacos antiepilépticos y con la mejoría de la calidad de vida. Material y métodos: Se analizó la evolución de 70 pacientes con epilepsia refractaria, tratados mediante ENV en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante y en el Hospital Clínico de Valencia. Se recogieron variables pre- y postoperatorias. La diferencia en la frecuencia tras la estimulación vagal se clasificó mediante la escala de McHugh. También se recogieron los cambios en la duración e intensidad de las crisis y la disminución de la medicación junto con la modificación de la calidad de vida. Resultados: El 12,86% de los pacientes se clasificaron como McHugh I, el 44,29% como ii, el 40% como iii y el 2,86% como iv-v. Un 57,15% de los pacientes presentaron una reducción superior al 50% en la frecuencia de las crisis. Un 88% de los pacientes presentaron una mejoría en la duración de las crisis, en el 68% disminuyó la intensidad, un 66% toman menos fármacos y en el 93% mejoró la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: La ENV ha mostrado disminuir la frecuencia de las crisis, así como la duración, la intensidad y el consumo de fármacos, ofreciendo además una mejoría en la calidad de vida de nuestros pacientes. (AU)


Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used as a complementary therapy to pharmacological treatment in patients with refractory epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of VNS in reducing seizure frequency, severity, and duration; reducing the number of antiepileptic drugs administered; and improving patients’ quality of life. Material and methods: We analysed the clinical progression of 70 patients with refractory epilepsy treated with VNS at Hospital Universitario de Alicante and Hospital Clínico de Valencia. Data were collected before and after the procedure. The difference in seizure frequency pre- and post-VNS was classified using the McHugh scale. Data were also collected on seizure duration and severity, the number of drugs administered, and quality of life. Results: According to the McHugh classification, 12.86% of the patients were Class I, 44.29% were Class II, 40% were Class III, and the remaining 2.86% of patients were Class IV-V. A ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in 57.15% of patients. Improvements were observed in seizure duration in 88% of patients and in seizure severity in 68%; the number of drugs administered was reduced in 66% of patients, and 93% reported better quality of life. Conclusions: VNS is effective for reducing seizure frequency, duration, and severity and the number of antiepileptic drugs administered. It also enables an improvement in patients’ quality of life. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Estimulação do Nervo Vago , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/terapia , Convulsões , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 37(5): 334-345, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35672120

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is a technique for preoperative evaluation of patients with difficult-to-localise refractory focal epilepsy (DLRFE), enabling the study of deep cortical structures. The procedure, which is increasingly used in international epilepsy centres, has not been fully developed in Spain. We describe our experience with SEEG in the preoperative evaluation of DLRFE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the last 8 years, 71 patients with DLRFE were evaluated with SEEG in our epilepsy centre. We prospectively analysed our results in terms of localisation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), surgical outcomes, and complications associated with the procedure. RESULTS: The median age of the sample was 30 years (range, 4-59 years); 27 patients (38%) were women. Forty-five patients (63.4%) showed no abnormalities on brain MR images. A total of 627 electrodes were implanted (median, 9 electrodes per patient; range, 1-17), and 50% of implantations were multilobar. The EZ was identified in 64 patients (90.1%), and was extratemporal or temporal plus in 66% of the cases. Follow-up was over one year in 55 of the 61 patients undergoing surgery: in the last year of follow-up, 58.2% were seizure-free (Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale class I) and 76.4% had good outcomes (Engel I-II). Three patients (4.2%) presented brain haemorrhages. CONCLUSION: SEEG enables localisation of the EZ in patients in whom this was previously impossible, offering better surgical outcomes than other invasive techniques while having a relatively low rate of complications.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos , Epilepsias Parciais , Epilepsia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/cirurgia , Eletrodos Implantados , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Epilepsias Parciais/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Adulto Jovem
11.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(12): 383-391, Jun 16, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217709

RESUMO

Introducción: La neurocisticercosis es la enfermedad parasitaria más frecuente en el sistema nervioso central de los humanos. Objetivo: Establecer la correlación entre variables clínicas y tomográficas en pacientes con neurocisticercosis en la consulta de neurología del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl y el Hospital Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social de Ibarra durante 2020. Pacientes y métodos: Investigación descriptiva, correlacional y transversal. Población y muestra: 93 pacientes. La información se recolectó en la consulta de neurología. Para el diagnóstico se utilizaron criterios clínicos e imagenológicos. Se calculó la odds ratio (OR) –intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%)–. Para el análisis multivariado, se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística binaria. Se consideró significación estadística cuando p < 0,05. Resultados: Síntomas: cefalea (77,4%) y crisis epilépticas (41,9%). Hallazgos tomográficos: tamaño < 1 cm (67,7%), lesión única (54,8%) y lesión supratentorial (93,5%). Hubo varias correlaciones clinicotomográficas en el análisis bivariado: la presencia de crisis epilépticas se asoció con lesiones de tamaño > 1 cm (OR: 9,65; IC 95%: 3,48-26,7), el estadio vesicular + ventricular coloidal + nodular (OR: 3,9; IC 95%: 1,64-9,28) y la topografía parenquimatosa (OR: 5,03; IC 95%: 2,03-12,4) (p < 0,05). La cefalea y la reducción de la fuerza muscular se asociaron con topografía parenquimatosa y estadio de las lesiones, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: A pesar de cursar con un amplio espectro clínico, la presencia de crisis epilépticas, cefalea y reducción de la fuerza muscular parece ser la manifestación más representativa, por lo que debería evaluarse su inclusión en el desarrollo de puntuaciones pronósticas que permitan evaluar el enfoque diagnóstico y evolutivo por estudio de imagen en investigaciones posteriores.(AU)


Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most frequent parasitic disease in the central nervous system of humans. Objective. to establish the correlation between clinical and tomographic variables in patients with neurocysticercosis in the neurology consultation of Hospital San Vicente de Paúl and Hospital IESS Ibarra, during the year 2020. Patients and methods: descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional research. Population and sample: 93 patients. The information was collected in the neurology consultation. Clinical and imaging criteria were used for diagnosis. Odds Ratio (OR; 95% CI) was calculated. For multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression models were used. Statistical significance was considered when the value of p <0.05. Results: Symptoms: headache (77.4%), epilepsy (41.9%). Tomographic findings: size < 1 cm (67.7%), single lesion (54.8%), supratentorial (93.5%). There were several clinical / tomographic correlations in the bivariate analysis, the presence of epilepsy was associated with lesions of size >1 cm (OR: 9.65; 95% CI: 3.48-26.7), the vesicular + ventricular colloidal stage + nodular (OR: 3.90; 95% CI: 1.64-9.28) and parenchymal topography (OR: 5.03; 95% CI: 2.03-12.4) (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, epilepsy was not associated with tomographic aspects such as the size, stage and topography of the cysticerci (p < 0.05). Headache and reduced muscle strength were associated with parenchymal topography and stage of lesions respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite having a wide clinical spectrum, the presence of epilepsy, headache, and reduced muscle strength seem to be the most representative manifestations, so their inclusion in the development of prognostic scores should be evaluated, which allow evaluating the approach diagnostic and evolutionary in subsequent research.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cefaleia , Convulsões , Neurocisticercose/complicações , Neurocisticercose/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurocisticercose/epidemiologia , Equador , Estudos de Coortes , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
12.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37(5): 334-345, Jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205983

RESUMO

Objetivo: La estereoelectroencefalografía (E-EEG) es una técnica de evaluación prequirúrgica en pacientes con epilepsia focal refractaria de difícil localización (EFRDL) que permite explorar con electrodos profundos regiones cerebrales de difícil acceso y la profundidad de la corteza. Esta técnica, en auge en centros internacionales, apenas se ha desarrollado en España. Describimos nuestra experiencia con la E-EEG en la evaluación de pacientes con EFRDL. Material y métodos: En los últimos 8 años, 71 pacientes con EFRDL fueron evaluados con E-EEG en nuestro centro. Analizamos prospectivamente los resultados obtenidos en la localización, los resultados quirúrgicos y las complicaciones asociadas a la técnica. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 30 años (rango 4-59 años), 27 pacientes eran mujeres (38%). La RM cerebral fue negativa en 45 pacientes (63,4%). Se implantaron 627 electrodos (mediana de 9 electrodos por paciente, rango 1-17), con un 50% de implantaciones multilobares. En 64 (90,1%) pacientes se localizó la zona epileptógena (ZE), siendo extratemporal o temporal plus en el 66% de los casos. En 55 pacientes de los 61 intervenidos el seguimiento fue superior al año: en el último año de seguimiento 32/55 pacientes (58,2%) estaban libres de crisis (Engel I) siendo los resultados favorables (Engel I-II) en el 76,4% de las intervenciones. Tres pacientes (4,2%) presentaron una hemorragia cerebral. Conclusión: La E-EEG permite localizar la ZE en pacientes en quienes anteriormente no era posible, ofreciendo unos resultados quirúrgicos superiores a otras técnicas invasivas y una tasa de complicaciones relativamente baja. (AU)


Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is a technique for preoperative evaluation of patients with difficult-to-localise refractory focal epilepsy (DLRFE), enabling the study of deep cortical structures. The procedure, which is increasingly used in international epilepsy centres, has not been fully developed in Spain. We describe our experience with SEEG in the preoperative evaluation of DLRFE. Material and methods: In the last 8 years, 71 patients with DLRFE were evaluated with SEEG in our epilepsy centre. We prospectively analysed our results in terms of localisation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), surgical outcomes, and complications associated with the procedure. Results: The median age of the sample was 30 years (range, 4-59 years); 27 patients (38%) were women. Forty-five patients (63.4%) showed no abnormalities on brain MR images. A total of 627 electrodes were implanted (median, 9 electrodes per patient; range, 1-17), and 50% of implantations were multilobar. The EZ was identified in 64 patients (90.1%), and was extratemporal or temporal plus in 66% of the cases. Follow-up was over one year in 55 of the 61 patients undergoing surgery: in the last year of follow-up, 58.2% were seizure-free (Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale class I) and 76.4% had good outcomes (Engel I-II). Three patients (4.2%) presented brain haemorrhages. Conclusion: SEEG enables localisation of the EZ in patients in whom this was previously impossible, offering better surgical outcomes than other invasive techniques while having a relatively low rate of complications. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/cirurgia , Epilepsias Parciais/cirurgia , Epilepsia , Eletrodos Implantados , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Técnicas Estereotáxicas
13.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(9): 303-311, May 1, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217697

RESUMO

La epilepsia con patrón catamenial se define como el aumento en la frecuencia de crisis epilépticas durante una etapa específica del ciclo menstrual respecto al basal. Se ha descrito que alrededor de un tercio de las mujeres con epilepsia presenta patrón catamenial. Los cambios en el patrón de crisis epilépticas se explicarían por la influencia de las fluctuaciones catameniales de las hormonas gonadales femeninas sobre la excitabilidad neuronal. La progesterona, a través de su metabolito alopregnanolona, desempeña un papel protector incrementando la transmisión gabérgica; sin embargo, su efecto en los receptores de progesterona cerebral puede incrementar la excitabilidad neuronal. Los efectos de los estrógenos son complejos y tienden a incrementar la excitabilidad neuronal, aunque dependen de su concentración y tiempo de exposición. Se han propuesto tres patrones catameniales de exacerbación de crisis epilépticas: el patrón perimenstrual, el patrón periovulatorio y el patrón lúteo. El abordaje diagnóstico se realiza mediante un proceso sistemático de cuatro pasos: a) historia clínica del patrón del ciclo menstrual y de las crisis epilépticas; b) métodos diagnósticos para caracterizar el ciclo menstrual y el patrón de las crisis epilépticas; c) comprobar los criterios diagnósticos, y d) categorizar el patrón catamenial. Las opciones de tratamiento estudiadas requieren mayor nivel de evidencia, y no existe ningún tratamiento específico aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration. Se recomienda la optimización del tratamiento anti crisis epilépticas convencional como primera opción terapéutica. Otras opciones terapéuticas, como tratamientos no hormonales y hormonales, podrían ser de utilidad en caso de que la primera opción terapéutica resulte ineficaz.(AU)


Catamenial pattern epilepsy is defined as an increase in the frequency of seizures during a specific stage of the menstrual cycle compared to baseline. It has been described that around a third of women with epilepsy have a catamenial pattern. The changes in the seizure pattern would be explained by the influence of catamenial fluctuations, of female gonadal hormones on neuronal excitability. Progesterone through its metabolite allopregnanolone plays a protective role by increasing GABAergic transmission; however, its effect on brain progesterone receptors can increase neuronal excitability. The effects of estrogens are complex, they tend to increase neuronal excitability, although their effects depend on their concentration and exposure time. Three catamenial patterns of seizure exacerbation have been proposed: the perimenstrual pattern, the periovulatory pattern, and the luteal pattern. The diagnostic approach is carried out through a systematic process of 4 steps: a) clinical history of the pattern of the menstrual cycle and epileptic seizures; b) diagnostic methods to characterize the menstrual cycle and the pattern of seizures; c) check diagnostic criteria; and d) categorize the catamenial pattern. The treatment options studied require a higher level of evidence, and there is no specific treatment. Optimization of conventional antiseizure treatment is recommended as the first therapeutic option. Other therapeutic options, such as non-hormonal and hormonal treatments, could be useful in case the first therapeutic option proves to be ineffective.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Epilepsia , Ciclo Menstrual , Convulsões , Pregnanolona/farmacologia , Progesterona , Síndromes Epilépticas , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
14.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 33(6): 389-393, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35272977

RESUMO

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNTs) are a rare indolent neoplasm described in the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). We describe a case of an 11 year old boy who initially presented intermittent headache, low back pain and communicating hydrocephalus, misdiagnosed as having tuberculous meningitis. Further clinical deterioration with seizures was observed and follow-up MRI showed further aggravation of leptomeningeal enhancement in the basal cisterns. Biopsy of the brain and leptomeninges revealed a diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor. DLGNT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions presenting as communicating hydrocephalus with nodular lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement. A timely histologic diagnosis through a biopsy of the brain is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.


Assuntos
Hidrocefalia , Neoplasias Meníngeas , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas , Masculino , Humanos , Criança , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Encéfalo , Hidrocefalia/etiologia
15.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 37(6): 450-458, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34088638

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used as a complementary therapy to pharmacological treatment in patients with refractory epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of VNS in reducing seizure frequency, severity, and duration; reducing the number of antiepileptic drugs administered; and improving patients' quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed the clinical progression of 70 patients with refractory epilepsy treated with VNS at Hospital Universitario de Alicante and Hospital Clínico de Valencia. Data were collected before and after the procedure. The difference in seizure frequency pre- and post-VNS was classified using the McHugh scale. Data were also collected on seizure duration and severity, the number of drugs administered, and quality of life. RESULTS: According to the McHugh classification, 12.86% of the patients were Class I, 44.29% were Class II, 40% were Class III, and the remaining 2.86% of patients were Class IV-V. A ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in 57.15% of patients. Improvements were observed in seizure duration in 88% of patients and in seizure severity in 68%; the number of drugs administered was reduced in 66% of patients, and 93% reported better quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: VNS is effective for reducing seizure frequency, duration, and severity and the number of antiepileptic drugs administered. It also enables an improvement in patients' quality of life.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos , Estimulação do Nervo Vago , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/terapia , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Convulsões , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(11): 390-393, Dic 1, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229604

RESUMO

Introducción: El mundo entero está afrontando la pandemia por COVID-19 causada por el SARS-CoV-2. Los sistemas de salud nacionales están sometidos a niveles de sobrecarga sin precedentes. En nuestro centro se inició de forma temprana la asistencia a través de telemedicina. Pacientes y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo para evaluar la utilidad de la telemedicina durante el confinamiento en nuestro centro. Se incluyó a los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de epilepsia, con dos asistencias a través de telemedicina, que tuvieran seguimiento durante al menos seis meses durante la situación de normalidad previa a la pandemia por COVID-19 y dos consultas presenciales durante ese mismo período. Resultados: Se incluyó a 115 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 29 años, el 53% fueron varones, el 52,2% con epilepsia focal, el 58,3% de etiología estructural y el 57,4% presentaba epilepsia de difícil control. La media de crisis preconfinamiento fue de 9,73/mes y de 6,54/mes durante el confinamiento. El número de pacientes libres de crisis fue mayor al final del confinamiento respecto a la fase preconfinamiento, 54 frente a 45/115. Conclusiones: La telemedicina es una estrategia de mucha utilidad en la monitorización de la evolución, el control evolutivo y los cambios terapéuticos en pacientes epilépticos a corto y medio plazo. La reducción de la frecuencia de crisis puede mantenerse a medio plazo, no sólo a corto plazo como se corroboró en estudios previos. La telemedicina permite acceder a prácticamente la totalidad de los pacientes y realizar un seguimiento más cercano.(AU)


Introduction: Countries worldwide are having to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The burden on their national health systems is currently at unprecedented levels. Telemedicine care was initiated at an early stage in our centre. Patients and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study to evaluate the usefulness of telemedicine during lockdown in our centre. Patients included in the study had a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy, with two visits via telemedicine, who had been followed up for at least six months during the normal situation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and two face-to-face consultations during the same period. Results: A total of 115 patients were included. The average age was 29 years, 53% were males, 52.2% had focal epilepsy, 58.3% with a structural causation and 57.4% had difficult-to-treat epilepsy. The mean number of seizures prior to lockdown was 9.73/month and 6.54/month during lockdown. The number of patients who were seizure-free when lockdown ended was higher than that observed in the phase before it began: 54 versus 45 out of 115. Conclusions: Telemedicine is a very useful strategy for monitoring the course, progress and therapeutic changes in epileptic patients in the short and medium term. The reduction in the seizure frequency can be sustained in the medium term, not only in the short term as corroborated in previous studies. Telemedicine allows access to virtually all patients and closer monitoring.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , /complicações , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Telemedicina , Consulta Remota , Epilepsia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , /epidemiologia , Síndromes Epilépticas , Convulsões , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Quarentena
17.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2020 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32565035

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Seizures are a frequent reason for admission to emergency departments and require early, precise diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of a series of patients with seizures attended at our hospital's emergency department. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational study of all patients with seizures who were admitted to our hospital's emergency department and attended by the on-call neurology service between February and August 2017. RESULTS: We included 153 patients, representing 9.9% of all neurological emergency department admissions. The median age was 58 years, 52.3% of patients were women, and 51% had history of epilepsy. Onset was focal in 82.4% of cases, and the most frequent aetiology was cerebrovascular disease (24.2%). Twelve patients (7.8%) developed status epilepticus, which was associated with higher scores on the ADAN scale (P<.001) and with history of refractory epilepsy (P=.002). The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.7%, and in-hospital mortality was associated with older age (P=.049) and status epilepticus (P=.018). Eighty percent of patients with no history of epilepsy were diagnosed with epilepsy at the emergency department; all started treatment. The kappa coefficient for epilepsy diagnosis in the emergency department compared to diagnosis after one year of follow-up by the epilepsy unit was .45 (diagnosis was modified in 20% of patients). CONCLUSIONS: Seizures are a frequent neurological emergency with potential complications and considerable morbidity and mortality rates. In patients with no known history of epilepsy, the condition may be diagnosed in the emergency department, but follow-up at specialised epilepsy units is recommended.

18.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 28(3): 117-119, sep.-dic. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058485

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: Un imitador de ictus es toda aquella patología no vascular que se presenta como un ictus isquémico agudo. La presentación clínica, factores epidemiológicos, el tiempo de inicio, la distribución vascular y la disponibilidad de pruebas de imagen, son factores que ayudan a diferenciarlos. Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso, de una mujer de la tercera edad que fue llevada a urgencias por hemiparesia izquierda de cinco horas de evolución. La evolución clínica y las pruebas complementarias permitieron excluir el diagnóstico de ictus isquémico agudo. La semiología fue explicada por una parálisis de Todd prolongada que se comportó como imitador de ictus en la fase aguda y las crisis epilépticas se produjeron en el contexto de una trombosis venosa cerebral. Comentarios: Los imitadores de ictus, al contrario del ictus isquémico agudo, ocurren en pacientes más jóvenes, tienen menos factores de riesgo vascular, menor puntuación de NIHSS, menos afasia y disfagia. Las principales causas son crisis epilépticas y síncopes. Deben considerarse también migrañas, neoplasias, alteraciones tóxicas o metabólicas, encefalopatías y trastornos funcionales. Realizar un estudio neurovascular completo y pruebas dirigidas nos permitirán el diagnóstico.


ABSTRACT Introduction: A stroke mimic is any non-vascular pathology that presents as an acute ischemic stroke. The clinical presentation, the epidemiological factors, the time to onset, vascular distribution and the availability of imaging tests are factors that help to differentiate them. Case report: We present a case, of a woman of the third age who was taken to the emergency department due to a five-hour history of left hemiparesis. The clinical evolution and the supplementary tests allowed to exclude the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. The semiology was explained by a prolonged Todd's palsy that behaved as a stroke mimic at the acute phase and the seizures occurred in the context of a cerebral venous thrombosis. Comments: Stroke mimics, in contrast to acute ischemic stroke, occur in younger patients, have fewer vascular risk factors, lower NIHSS score, less aphasia and dysphagia. The main causes are seizures and syncope. Migraines, neoplasms, toxic or metabolic alterations, encephalopathies and functional disorders should also be considered. To perform a complete neurovascular study and directed tests will allow us to make the diagnosis.

19.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 76(5): 215-224, sep.-oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089135

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La vinpocetina de liberación prolongada ha demostrado ser efectiva en el control de crisis de inicio focal en pacientes epilépticos con una baja frecuencia de eventos adversos. Se realizó un estudio clínico para evaluar la eficacia y tolerabilidad de la vinpocetina como tratamiento adyuvante en pacientes con este padecimiento. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos. Se reclutaron 87 pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia focal tratados con uno a tres fármacos antiepilépticos. Los pacientes se aleatorizaron para ser tratados con vinpocetina (n = 41) o placebo (n = 46) de manera adyuvante a su tratamiento, e ingresaron a la fase basal (4 semanas), a la fase de titulación (4 semanas) y a la fase de evaluación (8 semanas) conservando estables las dosis de la vinpocetina y de los fármacos antiepilépticos. Resultados: La vinpocetina fue más efectiva que el placebo en la reducción de las crisis al finalizar la fase de evaluación (p < 0.0001). El 69% de los pacientes tratados con vinpocetina presentaron una reducción mayor al 50% en las crisis en comparación con el 13% de los pacientes tratados con placebo. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la presencia de efectos adversos en los pacientes tratados con vinpocetina comparados con los tratados con placebo. Los eventos adversos más frecuentes observados con vinpocetina fueron cefalea (7.9%) y diplopía (5.2%). Conclusiones: Como tratamiento adyuvante, la vinpocetina (2 mg/kg/día) redujo eficazmente la frecuencia de crisis epilépticas y demostró ser bien tolerada. Presenta un amplio perfil de seguridad y eventos adversos conocidos, que son transitorios y sin secuelas.


Abstract Background: Extended-release vinpocetine is effective to control focal onset epileptic seizures with a low rate of adverse events. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of vinpocetine as an adjuvant treatment in patients with this condition. Methods: A double-blind clinical study of parallel groups was conducted, in which 87 patients with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy treated with one to three antiepileptic drugs were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive vinpocetine (n = 41) or placebo (n = 46) adjuvant to their treatment. Patients entered the baseline phase (4 weeks), the titration phase (4 weeks) and the evaluation phase (8 weeks), maintaining stable doses of vinpocetine and their respective antiepileptic drug treatment. Results: Vinpocetine was more effective than placebo in reducing seizures at the end of the evaluation phase (p < 0.0001). Sixty-nine percent of the vinpocetine-treated patients had a 50% reduction in seizures compared to 13% of placebo-treated patients. No significant differences in the presence of adverse effects in patients treated with vinpocetine compared to those treated with placebo were observed. The most frequent adverse events observed with vinpocetine were headache (7.9%) and diplopia (5.2%). Conclusions: As an adjuvant treatment, vinpocetine (2 mg/kg/day) effectively reduced the frequency of epileptic seizures and proved to be well tolerated. Vinpocetine has a wide safety profile and well-known adverse events, which are transient and with no sequelae.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Alcaloides de Vinca/administração & dosagem , Epilepsias Parciais/tratamento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Alcaloides de Vinca/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Estudos Longitudinais , Resultado do Tratamento , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos
20.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 76(5): 215-224, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31536041

RESUMO

Background: Extended-release vinpocetine is effective to control focal onset epileptic seizures with a low rate of adverse events. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of vinpocetine as an adjuvant treatment in patients with this condition. Methods: A double-blind clinical study of parallel groups was conducted, in which 87 patients with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy treated with one to three antiepileptic drugs were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive vinpocetine (n = 41) or placebo (n = 46) adjuvant to their treatment. Patients entered the baseline phase (4 weeks), the titration phase (4 weeks) and the evaluation phase (8 weeks), maintaining stable doses of vinpocetine and their respective antiepileptic drug treatment. Results: Vinpocetine was more effective than placebo in reducing seizures at the end of the evaluation phase (p < 0.0001). Sixty-nine percent of the vinpocetine-treated patients had a 50% reduction in seizures compared to 13% of placebo-treated patients. No significant differences in the presence of adverse effects in patients treated with vinpocetine compared to those treated with placebo were observed. The most frequent adverse events observed with vinpocetine were headache (7.9%) and diplopia (5.2%). Conclusions: As an adjuvant treatment, vinpocetine (2 mg/kg/day) effectively reduced the frequency of epileptic seizures and proved to be well tolerated. Vinpocetine has a wide safety profile and well-known adverse events, which are transient and with no sequelae.


Introducción: La vinpocetina de liberación prolongada ha demostrado ser efectiva en el control de crisis de inicio focal en pacientes epilépticos con una baja frecuencia de eventos adversos. Se realizó un estudio clínico para evaluar la eficacia y tolerabilidad de la vinpocetina como tratamiento adyuvante en pacientes con este padecimiento. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos. Se reclutaron 87 pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia focal tratados con uno a tres fármacos antiepilépticos. Los pacientes se aleatorizaron para ser tratados con vinpocetina (n = 41) o placebo (n = 46) de manera adyuvante a su tratamiento, e ingresaron a la fase basal (4 semanas), a la fase de titulación (4 semanas) y a la fase de evaluación (8 semanas) conservando estables las dosis de la vinpocetina y de los fármacos antiepilépticos. Resultados: La vinpocetina fue más efectiva que el placebo en la reducción de las crisis al finalizar la fase de evaluación (p < 0.0001). El 69% de los pacientes tratados con vinpocetina presentaron una reducción mayor al 50% en las crisis en comparación con el 13% de los pacientes tratados con placebo. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la presencia de efectos adversos en los pacientes tratados con vinpocetina comparados con los tratados con placebo. Los eventos adversos más frecuentes observados con vinpocetina fueron cefalea (7.9%) y diplopía (5.2%). Conclusiones: Como tratamiento adyuvante, la vinpocetina (2 mg/kg/día) redujo eficazmente la frecuencia de crisis epilépticas y demostró ser bien tolerada. Presenta un amplio perfil de seguridad y eventos adversos conocidos, que son transitorios y sin secuelas.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Epilepsias Parciais/tratamento farmacológico , Alcaloides de Vinca/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Criança , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Alcaloides de Vinca/efeitos adversos , Adulto Jovem
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