Percepción de los familiares de pacientes críticos en relación a la comunicación que le brinda el profesional de enfermería de la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Perception of the relatives of critically ill patients in relation to the communication pro-vided by the nursing professional of the intensive care unit

Introducción: cuando un individuo es hospitalizado en UCI para control y monitorización permanente de su salud, su cuidado está orientado específicamente a la asistencia plena de médicos y personal de enfermería. La complejidad de estos cuidados genera una crisis situacional y emocional en la familia que causa ansiedad, estrés, miedo y duda. La forma en la que el enfermero intervenga con el familiar en situaciones críticas es lo que va a determinar la percepción de los mismos hacia el cuidado de enfermería, en tanto la comunicación y el apoyo emocional forma parte de la competencia profesional y contribuye al cuidado holístico del paciente y familia. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los familiares de pacientes, respecto a la comunicación que le brinda el profesional de enfermería en la unidad de cuidados críticos. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 40 familiares adultos responsables del paciente hospitalizado en la unidad de terapia intensiva, durante los meses Junio - septiembre del 2023. El instrumento de recolección de información fue un cuestionario de "Percepción de los familiares de los Pacientes Críticos, respecto a la intervención de Enfermería durante su Crisis Situacional"; el mismo fue utilizado y validado por la autora Franco Canales Rosa aplicado en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati, Abril de 2003. Resultados:Los resultados muestran que la percepción global de los familiares, es favorable, respecto a la comunicación verbal, comunicación no verbal y el apoyo emocional[AU]

Introduction: health is the condition in which every living being enjoys absolute well-being both physically and mentally and socially, when it is affected either by a pathology or by general accidents; Given the physical condition of the individual, he or she is often hospitalized in the ICU for permanent control and monitoring. Your care is specifically oriented towards the full assistance of Doctors and Nurses. The complexity of this care generates a situational and emotional crisis in the immediate family that causes anxiety, stress, fear and doubt. The way in which the nurse supports the family member in critical or distressing situations is what will determine the perception of the family members towards the nurses, since communication and emotional support are part of the professional competence and contribute to the holistic care of the patient. patient and family. It is a care that is reflected in the feeling that the nurses have that when they do it, the families are very grateful and that, without a doubt, it is their job. Objective: Determine the perception of the patient's relatives regarding the communication provided by the nursing professional in the critical care unit of a private institution. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was made up of 40 adult relatives responsible for the patient hospitalized in the Adult intensive care unit, during the months of June - September 2023. The information collection instrument was a questionnaire on "Perception of relatives of Critical Patients, regarding to Nursing intervention during their Situational Crisis"; It was used and validated by the author Franco Canales Rosa applied at the Edgardo Rebagliati National Hospital, April 2003. Results:The results show that the overall perception of family members is favorable, regarding verbal communication, non-verbal communication and emotional support[AU]

Introdução: saúde é a condição em que todo ser vivo goza de absoluto bem-estar tanto físico quanto mental e social, quando é acometido por alguma patologia ou por acidentes gerais; Dada a condição física do indivíduo, muitas vezes ele é internado em UTI para controle e monitoramento permanente. O seu atendimento é especificamente orientado para a assistência integral de Médicos e Enfermeiros. A complexidade desse cuidado gera uma crise situacional e emocional na família imediata que causa ansiedade, estresse, medo e dúvidas. A forma como o enfermeiro apoia o familiar em situações críticas ou angustiantes é o que determinará a percepção dos familiares em relação aos enfermeiros, uma vez que a comunicação e o apoio emocional fazem parte da competência profissional e contribuem para o cuidado holístico do paciente. paciente e família. É um cuidado que se reflete no sentimento que os enfermeiros têm de que quando o fazem as famílias ficam muito gratas e que, sem dúvida, é o seu trabalho. Objetivo: Determinar a percepção dos familiares do paciente quanto à comunicação prestada pelo profissional de enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva de uma instituição privada. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por 40 familiares adultos responsáveis pelo paciente internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, durante os meses de junho a setembro de 2023. O instrumento de coleta de informações foi um questionário sobre "Percepção dos familiares de Pacientes Críticos, quanto à intervenção de Enfermagem durante a sua crise situacional"; Foi utilizado e validado pelo autor Franco Os resultados mostram que a percepção geral dos familiares é favorável, no que diz respeito à comunicação verbal, à comunicação não verbal e ao apoio emocional.Canales Rosa apl i c a d o n o Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati, abril de 2003. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a percepção geral dos familiares é favorável, no que diz respeito à comunicação verbal, à comunicação não verbal e ao apoio emocional.

Prevalência e fatores associados à covid-19 grave em adultos hospitalizados no estado do paraná / Prevalence and factors associated with severe covid-19 in adults hospitalized in the state of paraná / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la covid-19 grave en adultos hospitalizados en el estado de paraná

O presente estudo buscou analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à necessidade de cuidados intensivos por adultos hospitalizados, devido à Covid-19, no estado do Paraná. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, realizou-se um estudo transversal com notificações compulsórias da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave, associada à Covid-19. Na análise, foram aplicados modelos de regressão de Poisson em modelos univariados e multivariados, com associações estimadas por Razão de Prevalência. No período analisado, foram registradas 61.213 hospitalizações por Covid-19 no estado. Os pacientes possuíam, maioritariamente, entre 45 e 59 anos, sexo masculino, raça branca e sem fatores de risco/comorbidade. Os principais achados permitiram inferir que a gravidade e necessidade de cuidados intensivos foi associada à idade, sexo raça/cor, uso de imunizante contra gripe, diagnóstico de comorbidades prévias, ter apresentado sintomas moderados/graves e local de residência diferente do município de hospitalização. Ainda, os piores desfechos da Covid-19 foram influenciados por fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e epidemiológicos, os quais estiveram relacionados à gravidade da doença e necessidade de cuidados intensivos. Assim sendo, identificou-se uma elevada prevalência de hospitalização em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, diante características intrínsecas e extrínsecas aos indivíduos acometidos pela doença.

This study sought to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the need for intensive care by adults hospitalized due to Covid-19 in the state of Paraná. To achieve the proposed objective, a cross-sectional study was carried out with compulsory notifications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome associated with Covid-19. In the analysis, Poisson regression models were applied in univariate and multivariate models, with associations estimated by Prevalence Ratio. In the period analyzed, 61,213 hospitalizations due to Covid-19 were recorded in the state. The majority of patients were between 45 and 59 years old, male, white and had no risk factors/comorbidities. The main findings allowed us to infer that the severity and need for intensive care was associated with age, gender, race/color, use of influenza immunization, diagnosis of previous comorbidities, having presented moderate/severe symptoms and place of residence other than the municipality of hospitalization. Furthermore, the worst Covid-19 outcomes were influenced by sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological factors, which were related to the severity of the disease and the need for intensive care. Therefore, a high prevalence of hospitalization in Intensive Care Units was identified, given the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of individuals affected by the disease.

Este estudio buscó analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la necesidad de cuidados intensivos por adultos hospitalizados debido al Covid-19 en el estado de Paraná. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto, se realizó un estudio transversal con notificaciones obligatorias de Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo asociado a Covid-19. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión de Poisson en modelos univariados y multivariados, con asociaciones estimadas por Razón de Prevalencia. En el periodo analizado, se registraron 61.213 hospitalizaciones por Covid-19 en el estado. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían entre 45 y 59 años, eran varones, de raza blanca y no presentaban factores de riesgo/comorbilidades. Los principales hallazgos permitieron inferir que la gravedad y la necesidad de cuidados intensivos se asociaron a la edad, el sexo, la raza/color, el uso de la vacuna antigripal, el diagnóstico de comorbilidades previas, haber presentado síntomas moderados/graves y el lugar de residencia distinto al municipio de hospitalización. Además, los peores resultados del Covid-19 se vieron influidos por factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y epidemiológicos, que estaban relacionados con la gravedad de la enfermedad y la necesidad de cuidados intensivos. Por tanto, se identificó una elevada prevalencia de hospitalización en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, dadas las características intrínsecas y extrínsecas de los individuos afectados por la enfermedad.

Reducción del error de prescripción y de sus efectos adversos en el área pediátrica de cuidados intensivos / Reduction of prescription error and its adverse effects in the pediatric intensive care area

Resumen Introducción : La prescripción es el nodo del manejo y uso de medicamentos que con mayor frecuencia presen ta errores de medicación, según diversos estudios. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las prescripciones antes y después de la incorporación de una ronda multi disciplinar en el área de cuidados intensivos pediátricos y su implicación en la ocurrencia de eventos adversos por medicamentos. Métodos : Se trata de un estudio antes y después, no controlado. Resultados : Se estudiaron 100 pacientes antes y 100 después, rango 1-17 años, edad media: 6.4 DE: 8.7. El 55.5% (n = 111) eran varones. Se detectó un error de prescripción antes de la intervención del 12% (n = 12) y después de intervención, del 0%, p = 0.001. Se detectó un total de 45 eventos adversos por 100 ingresos y 38 eventos por 100 ingresos, antes y después de la inter vención respectivamente (p > 0.05). Conclusión : La intervención fue útil para disminuir el error de prescripción en esta muestra de pacientes.

Abstract Introduction : Prescription is the node of medication management and use that most frequently presents medication errors, according to various studies. This study aims to analyze prescriptions before and after the incorporation of a multidisciplinary round in the pediatric intensive care area and its implication in the occurrence of adverse drug events. Methods : This is an uncontrolled before and after study. Results : 100 patients were studied before and 100 after, range 1-17 years, mean age: 6.4 SD: 8.7. 55.5% (n = 111) were men. A prescription error was detected before the intervention of 12% (n = 12) and after 0% of the inter vention, 0%, p = 0.001. A total of 45 adverse events were detected, that is, 45 adverse events per 100 admissions and 38, that is, 38 events per 100 admissions, before and after the intervention respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion : The intervention was useful to reduce prescription error in this sample of patients.

Sedation with inhaled sevoflurane in the intensive care unit / Sedación inhalada con sevoflurano en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

Abstract Introduction : Critically ill patients often develop the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Current se dation guidelines mainly rely on intravenous agents. Inhaled sedatives are a promising alternative with favorable pharmacokinetics and potential benefits in critical care settings. However, their application in Latin America remains unexplored. Methods : Case-series study that included adult ICU patients who underwent deep sedation with se voflurane using the SEDANA anesthetic conserving device. Data on demographics, sedation protocols, adverse events, and outcomes were collected. Statisti cal analysis assessed changes over time in laboratory parameters. Results : Eleven patients were included, with sevoflu rane administered via artificial airways. Inhaled sedation led to the successful cease of intravenous sedatives in 10 of 11 patients, and reduction of at least 30% in opioid dose. No significant adverse effects were observed. Ba rriers to adherence included device-related issues and challenges in healthcare staff training. Conclusion : Sevoflurane effectively achieved sedation goals in ICU patients, reducing the need for additional sedatives and opioids. Our findings support the safety and efficacy of inhaled sedatives in ICU settings and highlight the importance of further research in this area. Longer-term studies are needed to fully determine the impact of inhaled sedatives in ICU patients.

Resumen Introducción : Los pacientes críticamente enfermos a menudo desarrollan el Síndrome Post-Cuidados Inten sivos (PICS). Las pautas actuales de sedación se basan principalmente en agentes intravenosos. Los sedantes inhalados son una alternativa prometedora con farma cocinética favorable y beneficios potenciales en entor nos de cuidados críticos. Sin embargo, su aplicación en América Latina sigue sin explorarse. Métodos : Estudio de serie de casos que incluyó a pa cientes adultos de UCI que recibieron sedación profunda con sevoflurano utilizando el dispositivo conservador anestésico SEDANA. Se recopilaron datos demográficos, protocolos de sedación, eventos adversos y resultados. El análisis estadístico evaluó los cambios en el tiempo en los parámetros de laboratorio. Resultados : Se incluyeron once pacientes, a quienes se les administró sevoflurano a través de vías respi ratorias artificiales. Se incluyeron once pacientes, a quienes se les administró sevoflurano a través de vías respiratorias artificiales. La sedación inhalada llevó a la cesación exitosa de sedantes intravenosos en 10 de los 11 pacientes, con una reducción de al menos 30% la dosis de opioides. No se observaron efectos adversos significativos. Las barreras para la adherencia incluyeron problemas relacionados con el dispositivo y desafíos en la capacitación del personal de salud. Conclusión : El sevoflurano logró de manera efectiva los objetivos de sedación en pacientes de UCI, redu ciendo la necesidad de sedantes y opioides adicionales. Nuestros hallazgos respaldan la seguridad y eficacia de los sedantes inhalados en entornos de UCI y resaltan la importancia de una mayor investigación en esta área. Se necesitan estudios a más largo plazo para determinar completamente el impacto de los sedantes inhalados en pacientes de UCI.

Terapia de Hemoadsorción de Citoquinas e Inmunoglobulina G enriquecida en Falla Orgánica Múltiple: Reporte de caso.

Introducción La obstrucción intestinal es la alteración del flujo del contenido luminal del tracto gastrointestinal debido a factores mecánicos. Los casos graves pueden evolucionar a shock séptico refractario con alta mortalidad. Para esta afección se han propuesto terapias innovadoras que pueden cambiar el pronóstico. Reporte: Un paciente masculino de 62 años presenta un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal acompañado de sepsis. La laparotomía exploratoria revela un tumor en el colon descendente y necrosis extensa del colon, requiriendo resección colónica e ileostomía. A pesar de la intervención, el paciente desarrolla choque séptico refractario y falla multiorgánica, con un pronóstico grave. Se implementa terapia de hemoadsorción de citoquinas e inmunoglobulina G enriquecida con inmunoglobulina M dentro de las primeras 32 horas. Se presenta posteriormente recuperación progresiva de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio, asimismo como estado general. Conclusiones: La terapia hemoadsorción puede reducir la dosis de vasopresores, mejorar la hemodinamia y reducir los marcadores inflamatorios en pacientes con sepsis. La pentaglobina puede reducir el riesgo de mortalidad, disminuir la duración de la ventilación mecánica y mejorar la función renal en pacientes con sepsis. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Introduction Intestinal obstruction is the alteration of the flow of the luminal contents of the gastrointestinal tract due to mechanical factors. Severe cases may progress to refractory septic shock with high mortality. Innovative therapies have been proposed for this condition that may change the prognosis. Report: A 62-year-old male patient presents with intestinal obstruction accompanied by sepsis. Exploratory laparotomy reveals a tumor in the descending colon and extensive colon necrosis, requiring colonic resection and ileostomy. Despite the intervention, the patient develops refractory septic shock and multiorgan failure, with a severe prognosis. Cytokine hemoadsorption therapy and immunoglobulin G enriched with immunoglobulin M were implemented within the first 32 hours. Progressive recovery of clinical and laboratory parameters is subsequently presented, as well as general condition. Conclusions: Hemoadsorption therapy can reduce the dose of vasopressors, improve hemodynamics and reduce inflammatory markers in patients with sepsis. Pentaglobin can reduce the risk of mortality, decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation and improve renal function in patients with sepsis. (provided by Infomedic International)

Prediction of adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients admitted to intensive care units. / [Artículo traducido] Predicción de reacciones adversas a medicamentos en pacientes geriátricos ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos.

INTRODUCTION: Intensive Care Units (ICUs) pose challenges in managing critically-ill patients with polypharmacy, potentially leading to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), particularly in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the severity and clinical prognosis scores used in ICUs correlate with the prediction of ADRs in aged patients admitted to an ICU. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian University Hospital ICU. APACHE II and SAPS 3 assessed clinical prognosis, while GerontoNet ADR Risk Score and BADRI evaluated ADR risk at ICU admission. Severity of the patients' clinical conditions was evaluated daily based on the SOFA score. Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) screening was performed daily through the identification of ADR triggers. RESULTS: 1295 triggers were identified (median 30 per patient, IQR = 28), with 15 suspected ADRs. No correlation was observed between patient severity and ADRs at admission (p=0.26), during hospitalization (p=0.91), or at follow-up (p=0.77). There was also no association between death and ADRs (p=0.28) or worse prognosis and ADRs (p>0.05). Higher BADRI scores correlated with more ADRs (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that employing the severity and clinical prognosis scores used in Intensive Care Units is not sufficient to direct active pharmacovigilance efforts, which are therefore indicated for critically ill patients.

Pharmacotherapy assessment and adverse drug reactions in older patients admitted to intensive care.

INTRODUCTION: Older patients are more susceptible to medication use, and physiological changes resulting from aging and organic dysfunctions presented by critically ill patients may alter the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic behavior. Thus, critically ill older people present greater vulnerability to the occurrence of pharmacotherapeutic problems. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pharmacotherapy and the development of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). METHOD: A cohort study was conducted in an ICU for adults of a Brazilian University Hospital during a 12-month period. The patients' pharmacotherapy was evaluated daily, considering the occurrence of ADRs and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for older people, and the pharmacotherapy anticholinergic burden (ACB). A trigger tool was used for active search of ADRs, with subsequent causality evaluation. PIM use was evaluated by means of the Beers criteria and the STOPP/START criteria. The ABC scale was employed to estimate ACB. The Micromedex® and Drugs.com® medication databases were employed to evaluate the DDIs. RESULTS: The sample of this study consisted of 41 patients, with a mean age of 66.8 years old (±5.2). The 22 triggers used assisted in identifying 15 potential ADRs, and 26.8% of the patients developed them. The mean estimated ACB score was 3.0 (±1.8), and the patients used 3.1 (±1.4) and 3.3 (±1.6) PIMs according to the Beers and the STOPP criteria, respectively. A total of 672 DDIs were identified, with a mean of 16.8 (±9.5) DDIs/patient during ICU hospitalization. Our findings show an association between occurrence of ADRs in the ICU and polypharmacy (p=.03) and DDIs (p=.007), corroborating efforts for rational medication use as a preventive strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Using tools to evaluate the pharmacotherapy for older people in intensive care can assist in the recognition and prevention of pharmacotherapeutic problems, with emphasis on the identification of ADRs through the observation of triggers and subsequent causality analysis.

Aplicabilidade prática de parâmetros clínicos utilizados pelo enfermeiro na monitorização de pacientes em ventilação mecânica / Practical applicability of clinical parameters used by nurses in monitoring mechanically ventilated patients / Aplicabilidad práctica de parámetros clínicos utilizados por los enfermeros en el monitoreo de pacientes con ventilación mecánica

Objetivo: Descrever os parâmetros validados por enfermeiros relacionando com a sua prática assistencial na monitorização de pacientes críticos sob ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram discutidos à luz da Resolução Conselho Federal de Enfermagem n. 639/2020 e de parâmetros clínicos obtidos validados por enfermeiros intensivistas. Resultados: Os parâmetros validados foram discutidos em termos de sua aplicabilidade clínica para o alcance da competência monitorização respiratória, um dos itens presentes na referida resolução como privativa do enfermeiro. Criou-se um quadro com os parâmetros gerais para a monitorização respiratória/ventilatória por enfermeiros, com alvo clínico e local de obtenção do parâmetro no ventilador mecânica, para colaborar com a sua usabilidade. Conclusão: Apresentou-se a aplicabilidade de parâmetros validados por enfermeiros na assistência aos pacientes sob ventilação mecânica. Pondera-se sua contribuição para maior qualidade na assistência, melhores desfechos clínicos, assim como, evitar complicações associadas à ventilação mecânica. (AU)

Objective: To describe the respiratory/ventilatory parameters validated by nurses relating to their care practice in critical patients on mechanical ventilation. Methods: Descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative approach, whose data were discussed based on COFEN Resolution 639/2020 and clinical parameters obtained validated by critical care nurses. Results: The validated parameters were discussed in terms of clinical applicability for achieving the competence "respiratory monitoring", one of the items present in the aforementioned resolution as private nurse care. A framework was created with the general parameters for respiratory/ventilatory monitoring by nurses, with clinical target and location of obtaining the parameter on the mechanical ventilator, to collaborate with its usability. Conclusion: The applicability of parameters validated by nurses in care of mechanically ventilated patients was presented. Its contribution to better quality care and clinical outcomes, as well as avoiding complications associated with mechanical ventilation. (AU)

Objetivo: describir los parámetros respiratorios/ventilatorios validados por enfermeros relacionando con su práctica asistencial en pacientes críticos con ventilación mecánica. Métodos: investigación descriptiva-exploratoria con abordaje cuantitativo, cuyos datos fueron discutidos en la Resolución COFEN 639/2020 y de parámetros clínicos obtenidos y validados por enfermeros intensivistas. Resultados: los parámetros validados fueron discutidos en términos de su aplicabilidad clínica para el alcance de la competencia "monitoreo respiratorio", uno de los ítems presentes en la referida resolución como exclusiva del enfermero. Se creó un cuadro con los parámetros generales para el monitoreo respiratorio/ventilatorio por enfermeros, con objetivo clínico y lugar de obtención del parámetro en el ventilador mecánico, para colaborar con su usabilidad. Conclusión: se presentó la aplicabilidad de parámetros validados por enfermeros en la asistencia a pacientes con ventilación mecánica. Se pondera su contribución para una mayor calidad en la asistencia, mejores desenlaces clínicos y, también, para evitar complicaciones asociadas con la ventilación mecánica. (AU)

Prediction of adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients admitted to intensive care units.

INTRODUCTION: Intensive care units (ICUs) pose challenges in managing critically ill patients with polypharmacy, potentially leading to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), particularly in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the severity and clinical prognosis scores used in ICUs correlate with the prediction of ADRs in aged patients admitted to an ICU. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian University Hospital ICU. APACHE II and SAPS 3 assessed clinical prognosis, while GerontoNet ADR Risk Score and BADRI evaluated ADR risk at ICU admission. Severity of the patients' clinical conditions was evaluated daily based on the SOFA score. ADR screening was performed daily through the identification of ADR triggers. RESULTS: 1295 triggers were identified (median 30 per patient, IQR=28), with 15 suspected ADRs. No correlation was observed between patient severity and ADRs at admission (p=0.26), during hospitalization (p=0.91), or at follow-up (p=0.77). There was also no association between death and ADRs (p=0.28) or worse prognosis and ADRs (p>0.05). Higher BADRI scores correlated with more ADRs (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that employing the severity and clinical prognosis scores used in ICUs is not sufficient to direct active pharmacovigilance efforts, which are therefore indicated for critically ill patients.

Critical pregnancy at altitude: A look at Latin America.

Critical pregnancy at high altitudes increases morbidity and mortality from 2500 m above sea level. In addition to altitude, there are other influential factors such as social inequalities, cultural, prehospital barriers, and lack the appropriate development of healthcare infrastructure. The most frequent causes of critical pregnancy leading to admission to Intensive Care Units are pregnancy hypertensive disorders (native residents seem to be more protected), hemorrhages and infection/sepsis. In Latin America, there are 32 Intensive Care Units above 2500 m above sea level. Arterial blood gases at altitude are affected by changes in barometric pressure. The analysis of their values provides very useful information for the management of obstetric emergencies at very high altitude, especially respiratory and metabolic pathologies.

Absceso hepático en Cali, Colombia / Liver abscess in Cali, Colombia

INTRODUCCIÓN: El absceso hepático (AH) es el tipo mas común de abscesos viscerales. Se estima que el perfil epidemiológico de esta enfermedad ha cambiado con el aumento de la resistencia de los microorganismos y el uso de nuevos medicamentos. OBJETIVO: Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de AH en un hospital universitario del suroccidente colombiano. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, en la Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de AH hospitalizados entre 2011-2020. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 182 pacientes. La mediana de edad fUe 56 años (rango intercuartílico, 45-67) y 62,1% fueron hombres. El microrganismo mas común fue Klebsiella pneumoniae (17,6%). La mayoría requirió drenaje percutáneo (58,2%). El 58,8% tuvo un absceso único y 54,4% fue manejado en cuidados intensivos. El 7,1% de los pacientes falleció. Al comparar los casos que fueron manejados en cuidados intensivos vs. aquellos que no lo fueron, hubo más hepatomegalia (28,3 vs. 11,0%, p = 0,004), derrame pleural derecho (48,5 vs. 28,1%, p = 0,010), cirugía (42,4 vs. 13,4%, p < 0,001), falla terapéutica (22,2 vs. 7,3%, p = 0,007) y muerte (12,1 vs. 1,2%, p = 0,005) en los atendidos en UCI. CONCLUSIÓN: Las Enterobacterales son la principal causa de AH en nuestra población. La mortalidad ha disminuido, pero la hospitalización en cuidados intensivos sigue siendo alta.

BACKGROUND: Liver abscess (LA) is the most common type of visceral abscess. It is estimated that the epidemiological profile of this disease has changed with the increase in resistance and the use of new drugs. AIM: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of LA in a university hospital in the southwestern region of Colombia. METHODS: A. retrospective observational study was conducted at Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of LA hospitalized between 2011-2020 were included. RESULTS: A total of 182 patients were included. The median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 45-67) and 62.1% were men. The most common microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.6%). The majority required percutaneous drainage (58.2%). A 58.8% had a single abscess and 54.4% were treated in ICU. A 7.1% of the patients died. When comparing cases treated in the ICU vs. those who did not, there was more hepatomegaly (28.3 vs. 11.0%, p = 0.004), right pleural effusion (48.5 vs. 28.1%, p = 0.010), surgery (42.4 vs. 13.4%, p < 0.001), therapeutic failure (22.2 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.007) and death (12.1 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.005) in patients treated in ICU. CONCLUSION: Enterobacterales are the main cause of LA in our population. Mortality has decreased, but intensive care hospitalization remains high.

Pediatric nephrologist-intensivist interaction in acute kidney injury / Interação nefro-intensivista pediátrica na lesão renal aguda

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have concepts of diagnosis and management have water balance as their main point of evaluation. In our ICU, from 2004 to 2012, the nephrologist's participation was on demand only; and as of 2013 their participation became continuous in meetings to case discussion. The aim of this study was to establish how an intense nephrologist/intensivist interaction influenced the frequency of dialysis indication, fluid balance and pRIFLE classification during these two observation periods. Methods: Retrospective study, longitudinal evaluation of all children with AKI undergoing dialysis (2004 to 2016). Parameters studied: frequency of indication, duration and volume of infusion in the 24 hours preceding dialysis; diuresis and water balance every 8 hours. Non-parametric statistics, p ≤ 0.05. Results: 53 patients (47 before and 6 after 2013). There were no significant differences in the number of hospitalizations or cardiac surgeries between the periods. After 2013, there was a significant decrease in the number of indications for dialysis/year (5.85 vs. 1.5; p = 0.000); infusion volume (p = 0.02), increase in the duration of dialysis (p = 0.002) and improvement in the discrimination of the pRIFLE diuresis component in the AKI development. Conclusion: Integration between the ICU and pediatric nephrology teams in the routine discussion of cases, critically approaching water balance, was decisive to improve the management of AKI in the ICU.

RESUMO Introdução: Os conceitos sobre diagnóstico e conduta da Lesão Renal Aguda (LRA) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) tem como ponto primordial a avaliação do balanço hídrico. Em nossa UTI, de 2004 a 2012, a participação do nefrologista era sob demanda. A partir de 2013, a participação passou a ser contínua em reunião de discussão de casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar como a maior interação nefrologista/intensivista influenciou a frequência de indicação de diálise, no balanço hídrico e na classificação pRIFLE durante esses dois períodos de observação. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, avaliação longitudinal de todas as crianças com LRA em diálise (2004 a 2016). Parâmetros estudados: frequência de indicação, tempo de duração e volume de infusão nas 24 horas precedendo a diálise; diurese e balanço hídrico a cada 8 horas. Estatística não paramétrica, p ≤ 0,05. Resultado: 53 pacientes (47 antes e 6 após 2013). Sem diferença significativa no número de internações e nem de cirurgias cardíacas entre os períodos. Após 2013, houve diminuição significativa no número de indicação de diálise/ano (5,85 vs. 1,5; p = 0,000); no volume de infusão (p = 0,02), aumento do tempo de duração da diálise (p = 0,002) e melhora da discriminação do componente diurese do pRIFLE na indicação de LRA. Conclusão: Integração entre equipes de UTI e nefrologia pediátrica na discussão rotineira de casos, abordando criticamente o balanço hídrico, foi determinante para a melhora na conduta da LRA na UTI.

Should videolaryngoscopy be routinely used for airway management? An approach from different scenarios in medical practice

During the past two decades, the videolaryngoscope (VDL) has become a valuable and effective tool for the management of the airway, not just in the realm of anesthesiology, but also in other medical specialties in clinical scenarios requiring tracheal intubation. In countries such as the United States, this represents over 15 million cases in the operating room and 650,000 outside the OR. The overall accumulated incidence of difficult airway is 6.8% events in routine practice and between 0.1 and 0.3 % of failed intubations, both associated with complications such as desaturation, airway injury, hemodynamic instability and death. Notwithstanding the fact that the VDL has proven advantages such as improved visualization of the glottis, higher first attempt success rates, and a shortened learning curve, most of the time its use is limited to rescue attempts or as a secondary option. The aim of this article is to comment the advantages and limitations of the VDL vs. the direct laryngoscope in a wide range of clinical settings, including the operating room, intensive care units, emergency departments, pediatrics, obstetrics, and Covid-19 to consider its routine use.

En las últimas dos décadas, el videolaringoscopio (VDL) se ha convertido en una herramienta valiosa y eficaz para el manejo de la vía aérea no solo en el ámbito de anestesiología, sino en otras especialidades médicas durante escenarios clínicos que requieren la intubación traqueal y las cuales, en países como Estados Unidos corresponden anualmente a más de 15 millones dentro de salas de cirugía y 650.000 fuera de ella. Aproximadamente, hay una incidencia global acumulada de 6,8 % de eventos de vía aérea difícil en la práctica rutinaria y 0,1 al 0,3 % de intubaciones fallidas, ambas asociadas a complicaciones como desaturación, daño en la vía aérea, inestabilidad hemodinámica y muerte. Pese a que el VDL ha demostrado ventajas como mejoría de la visualización de la glotis, aumento de tasa de éxito al primer intento y menor curva de aprendizaje, su uso en la mayoría de las veces se ve limitado como dispositivo de rescate o de manera secundaria. El propósito de este artículo es comentar acerca de las ventajas y limitaciones del VDL vs. el laringoscopio directo en un variado número de escenarios clínicos, como salas de cirugía, unidades de cuidado intensivo, emergenciología, pediatría, obstetricia y covid-19, con el fin de considerar si su uso debiera hacerse de manera rutinaria.

Seguimiento Funcional hasta Seis Meses después de Sobrevivir a Cuidados Intensivos: Lecciones aprendidas de un Estudio Chileno Multicéntrico / Functional follow-up six months after surviving intensive care: lessons learned from a Chilean multicenter study

Introducción. Las tasas de retención en los estudios de seguimiento oscilan entre el 32 y 100%, demostrando el desafío que implica realizar estudios longitudinales de sobrevivientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Objetivo. Identificar las estrategias implementadas y lecciones aprendidas en un estudio prospectivo multicéntrico de seguimiento de sobrevivientes de la UCI durante la pandemia. Métodos. Estudio post-hoc de las lecciones aprendidas mediante encuestas y entrevistas dirigidas a explorar la experiencia de los investigadores y coordinadores del estudio IMPACCT COVID-19, realizado en siete centros chilenos entre octubre 2020 y abril 2021 evaluando el síndrome post-cuidados intensivos de sobrevivientes hasta seis meses después. Resultados. Identificamos ocho lecciones: 1) selección de instrumentos de medición, 2) identificación de centros participantes, 3) aprobación del estudio, 4) financiamiento, 5) capacitación de evaluadores, 6) coordinación/aseguramiento de calidad, 7) reclutamiento y 8) seguimiento de pacientes. Incluso durante el primer año de pandemia, reclutamos 252 pacientes a una tasa de 1,4 pacientes/día con una retención del 48% a los 6 meses de seguimiento. El uso de redes académicas existentes y las estrategias de comunicación entre investigadores, coordinadores y evaluadores fueron aspectos positivos; mientras que la fidelización con evaluadores al egreso de la UCI y con pacientes durante el seguimiento son aspectos que deberían considerarse en futuros estudios. Conclusiones. Se evaluaron más de 250 pacientes en seis meses durante la pandemia, con tasas de retención post UCI acorde a la literatura. Futuros estudios debiesen optimizar los procesos de medición y de seguimiento para minimizar la pérdida de pacientes.

Background. Retention rates of follow-up studies range from 32 to 100%, demonstrating the challenge to conduct longitudinal studies of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Objective. To identify the strategies implemented and lessons learned in a multicenter prospective follow-up study of ICU survivors during pandemic times. Methods. Post-hoc study of lessons learned through surveys and interviews aimed at exploring the experience of the researchers and coordinators of the IMPACCT COVID-19 study. The original study was performed in seven Chilean sites between October 2020 and April 2021 evaluating the post-intensive care syndrome of survivors up to six-month follow-up. Results. We identified eight lessons: 1) selection of measurement instruments, 2) identification of participating sites, 3) Study approval, 4) funding, 5) evaluators training, 6) coordination/quality assurance, 7) recruitment, and 8) patient follow-up. Even during the first year of the pandemic, we recruited 252 patients at a rate of 1.4 patients/day with a retention rate of 48% at 6 months of follow-up. The use of existing academic networks and communication strategies between researchers, coordinators and evaluators were positive aspects; while evaluators fidelity at ICU discharge and patient engagement during follow-up are aspects should be considered. Conclusions. More than 250 patients were evaluated in six months during the pandemic, with post-ICU retention rates consistent with the literature. Future studies should optimize measurement and monitoring processes to minimize patient atrition.

Neumonía por Aspergillus en paciente pos-COVID-19 / Aspergillus Pneumonia in pos-COVID-19 patient

Introducción: La enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) se extendió rápidamente por todo el mundo y generó un gran desafío. La aparición de coinfecciones se encuentra entre las complicaciones más graves que pueden desarrollar los enfermos. La aspergilosis pulmonar se ha identificado como una complicación de la neumonía por la COVID-19 en los pacientes ventilados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico poco común de aspergilosis pulmonar. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente con historia reciente de la COVID-19, con un cuadro clínico enteral dado por diarreas, vómitos e insuficiencia respiratoria en el que concomitan la evolución de un cáncer de colon y neumonía asociada a la ventilación provocada por Aspergillus niger. Conclusiones: La aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a la COVID-19 es una complicación que debe considerarse y buscarse en pacientes con historia reciente de esta enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread rapidly throughout the world, which created a great challenge. The appearance of coinfections is among the most serious complications that these patients can develop. Pulmonary aspergillosis has been identified as a complication of COVID-19 pneumonia among ventilated patients in intensive care. Objective: To present an unusual clinical case of pulmonary aspergillosis. Clinical case: It is presented the case of a patient with a recent history of COVID-19, with an enteral clinical picture of diarrhea and vomiting plus respiratory failure, in which the evolution of colon cancer and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Aspergillus niger are concomitant. Conclusions: Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID-19 is a complication that should be considered and sought in patients with a recent history of this disease(AU)

Electrical impedance tomography: Usefulness for respiratory physiotherapy in critical illnesses.

Respiratory physiotherapy, including the management of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), is a key supportive intervention for critically ill patients. MV has potential for inducing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) as well as long-term complications related to prolonged bed rest, such as post-intensive care syndrome and intensive care unit acquired weakness. Physical and respiratory therapy, developed by the critical care team, in a timely manner, has been shown to prevent these complications. In this pathway, real-time bedside monitoring of changes in pulmonary aeration and alveolar gas distribution associated with postural positioning, respiratory physiotherapy techniques and changes in MV strategies can be crucial in guiding these procedures, providing safe therapy and prevention of potential harm to the patient. Along this path, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has emerged as a new key non-invasive bedside strategy free of radiation, to allow visualization of lung recruitment. This review article presents the main and potential applications of EIT in relation to physiotherapy techniques in the ICU setting.

Evaluación del dolor en pacientes adultos críticos / Pain assessment in critically ill adult patients

RESUMEN El dolor se define como una experiencia sensorial y emocional desagradable que se asocia con el daño. Es un fenómeno multifactorial y subjetivo que presenta una incidencia de hasta el 60 % en los pacientes críticos y que puede ocasionar consecuencias negativas a nivel cardiovascular, respiratorio, digestivo, muscular, hematológico y psicológico. El estándar de oro para la evaluación del dolor es el reporte del paciente, quien puede indicar la presencia de dolor respondiendo a la pregunta simple «¿Tenés/tiene dolor?¼ o expresar la intensidad mediante la escala numérica del dolor (NRS, por sus siglas en inglés). El paciente capaz de comunicarse puede brindar también información sobre otras características del dolor. En pacientes que no pueden comunicarse pero pueden manifestar respuesta a estímulos, es apropiado utilizar escalas conductuales, las cuales se basan en observar la presencia de comportamientos asociados al dolor. El objetivo del presente paso a paso es describir la evaluación del dolor en pacientes adultos críticos.

ABSTRACT Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with damage. It is a multifactorial and subjective phenomenon with an incidence of up to 60 % in critically ill patients, which may lead to negative consequences at cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, muscular, hematological, and psychological levels. The gold standard for pain assessment is the patient's report, who can indicate the presence of pain by answering the simple question «Do you have pain?¼ or express its intensity using the numeric pain rating scale (NRS). Patients who can communicate may also provide information regarding other characteristics of pain. In patients unable to communicate but capable of responding to stimuli, it is appropriate to use behavioral scales, which are based on observing the presence of behaviors associated with pain. The objective of this study is to describe the pain assessment in critically ill adult patients.

Execução do ultrassom à beira leito no paciente crítico: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Bedside ultra sound execution for critical patient: scope review protocol

OBJETIVO: Descrever as evidências científicas acerca do ultrassom à beira do leito, executado pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente crítico. MÉTODO: Revisão de escopo pautado nas normas e termos metodológicos do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), norteada pela pergunta "Como está descrito na literatura o uso do Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrassom à beira do leito pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência direta ao paciente crítico?". A busca envolve nove bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta. A seleção de evidências se apresenta em três etapas, e para o gerenciamento das referências dos estudos se utiliza o software Mendeley. A avaliação dos estudos está sustentada nos critérios preestabelecidos de inclusão, e foi realizada por três revisores, sendo dois de modo independente e um terceiro para a preciação das divergências. Os dados extraídos têm apresentação descritiva e sintética dos resultados.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the scientific evidence about bedside ultrasound health professionals performing in a critical environment. METHOD: Scope review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodological terms and standards, guided by the question "How is the use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrasound at the bedside described in the literature by health professionals in direct care to critical patients?". The search involves nine data bases and in the gray literature. The selection of evidence is in three stages, and the Mendeley software is used to manage study references. The study evaluation is based on the pre-established inclusion criteria and was carried out by three reviewers, two independently and a third, to assess differences. The extracted data has a descriptive and synthetic presentation of the results.

Repercussions of the Emergency neurological life support on scientific literature: a bibliometric study / Repercussões do Emergency neurological life support na literatura científica: um estudo bibliométrico

Abstract Background In 2012, the Neurocritical Care Society launched a compilation of protocols regarding the core issues that should be addressed within the first hours of neurological emergencies - the Emergency neurological life support (ENLS). Objective We aim to evaluate this repercussion through a bibliometric analysis. Methods We searched Scopus on October 2022 for articles mentioning ENLS. The following variables were obtained: number of citations; number of citations per year; number of publications per year; year of publication; research type; research subtype; country of corresponding author and its income category and world region; journal of publication and its 5-year impact factor (IF); and section where ENLS appeared. Results After applying eligibility criteria, we retrieved 421 articles, published from 2012 to 2022. The mean number of citations per article was 17.46 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 8.20-26.72), while the mean number of citations per year per article was 4.05 (95% CI = 2.50-5.61). The mean destiny journal 5-year IF was 5.141 (95% CI = 4.189-6.093). The majority of articles were secondary research (57.48%; n= 242/421) of which most were narrative reviews (71.90%; n= 174/242). High-Income countries were the most prominent (80.05%; n= 337/421 articles). There were no papers from low-income countries. There were no trials or systematic reviews from middle-income countries. Conclusion Although still low, the number of publications mentioning ENLS is increasing. Articles were mainly published in journals of intensive care medicine, neurology, neurosurgery, and emergency medicine. Most articles were published by authors from high-income countries. The majority of papers were secondary research, with narrative review as the most frequent subtype.

Resumo Antecedentes Em 2012, a Neurocritical Care Society lançou uma compilação de protocolos sobre as questões centrais que devem ser abordadas nas primeiras horas de emergências neurológicas - Emergency neurological life support (ENLS). Objetivo Avaliar a repercussão do ENLS por meio de uma análise bibliométrica. Métodos A base de dados Scopus foi utilizada em outubro de 2022 para a busca por artigos mencionando o ENLS. As seguintes variáveis foram obtidas: número de citações; número de citações por ano; número de publicações por ano; ano de publicação; tipo de pesquisa; país do autor correspondente e sua categoria de renda; revista de publicação e seu fator de impacto de 5 anos (IF); e seção onde o ENLS apareceu. Resultados Os 421 artigos incluídos foram publicados de 2012 a 2022. A média de citações por artigo foi de 17.46 (intervalo de confiança (IC) 95% = 8.20-26.72), enquanto a de citações por ano por artigo foi de 4.05 (IC95% = 2.50-5.61). O IF médio por revista foi de 5.14 (IC95% = 4.19-6.09). A maioria dos artigos era de pesquisa secundária (57.48%; n= 242/421), dos quais a maioria eram revisões narrativas (71.90%; n= 174/242). Os países de alta renda foram os mais prolíficos (80.05%; n= 337/421 artigos). Não houve publicações de países de baixa ou média renda. Conclusão Embora ainda baixo, o número de publicações mencionando o ENLS vem aumentando recentemente. A maioria dos artigos foram publicados em revistas de medicina intensiva, neurologia, neurocirurgia e medicina de emergência. Artigos de pesquisa secundária foram os mais comuns, com revisões narrativas sendo o subtipo mais frequente.