A Multimodal Research Approach to Assessing the Karst Structural Conditions of the Ceiling of a Cave with Palaeolithic Cave Art Paintings: Polychrome Hall at Altamira Cave (Spain).

Integrating geomatics remote sensing technologies, including 3D terrestrial laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground penetrating radar enables the generation of comprehensive 2D, 2.5D, and 3D documentation for caves and their surroundings. This study focuses on the Altamira Cave's karst system in Spain, resulting in a thorough 3D mapping encompassing both cave interior and exterior topography along with significant discontinuities and karst features in the vicinity. Crucially, GPR mapping confirms that primary vertical discontinuities extend from the near-surface (Upper Layer) to the base of the Polychrome layer housing prehistoric paintings. This discovery signifies direct interconnections helping with fluid exchange between the cave's interior and exterior, a groundbreaking revelation. Such fluid movement has profound implications for site conservation. The utilization of various GPR antennas corroborates the initial hypothesis regarding fluid exchanges and provides concrete proof of their occurrence. This study underscores the indispensability of integrated 3D mapping and GPR techniques for monitoring fluid dynamics within the cave. These tools are vital for safeguarding Altamira, a site of exceptional significance due to its invaluable prehistoric cave paintings.

The role of culture on 2020 SARS-CoV-2 Country deaths: a pandemic management based on cultural dimensions.

This study aims to analyze the role of cross-cultural country differences during a global pandemic. Based on country cultural dimensions and country economic indicators, the research proposes specific policies that might prove of value in order to manage and better respond to present and future critical events such as the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The methodology is based on multivariate analysis for the first set of countries and cross-country comparative analysis for the second set of countries. Research results reveal the critical role of the cultural dimensions individualism, power distance, masculinity, long-term orientation and indulgence, along with the country economic context in the magnitude of the consequences of a global pandemic within a country specific context. Based on these results, the study proposes policies adjusted to the countries specific cultural and economic frameworks in order to promote the most effective and efficient management of a critical event such as a global pandemic.

Art and culture in the COVID-19 era: for a consumer-oriented approach.

Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic, the arts and culture sector has been experiencing a paradoxical situation. While the demand for cultural and creative content has intensified throughout the lockdown period--and digital access has become more critical than ever before--economic indicators predict that the cultural sector will be one of the most affected, and probably one of the slowest to recover. Beyond short-term initiatives such as surveys or data collection aiming to provide artists and intermediaries with financial and logistical supports, both academics and practitioners must engage in joined-up thinking on the future of art consumption, especially from a consumer's perspective. This commentary paper addresses the main challenges faced by the economy of arts and culture in times of global health crisis by pinpointing the specificities of cultural goods and services. More specifically, the paper shows the extent to which traditional patterns of consumption have been affected, and what research is needed to develop sustainable solutions. We argue that consumers will be critical players in the recovery process, and four research directions are suggested accordingly: (1) data collection on consumers' cultural practices; (2) consumers and the digital cultural experience; (3) consumers' engagement and loyalty in the arts and culture; and (4) consumers' well-being.

Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat.

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha-1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha-1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

Effect of sowing season on soybean performance / Efeito da época de semeadura no desempenho da soja

The soybean presents great economic expression and high impact in the Brazilian agribusiness. The productive potential of a cultivar is expressed according to the genetic constitution and the environment. The sowing time exerts influence on the agronomic traits of the soybean, impacting the yield of grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sowing season on the productive potential and the agronomic traits of soybean. The work was conducted at the Capim Branco experimental farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. Twelve cultivars (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) and four sowing seasons (October 22, November 5, December 22, 2016 and January 5, 2017) were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates. The evaluated characters were: number of days for flowering and maturity, plant height at maturity, insertion height for the first pod, number of nodes at maturity, total number of pods, number of tainted pods and productivity. The sowing carried out in October and November contributed to obtain a larger number of nodes and a greater height of plants at maturity, which are agronomic traits favorable to higher productivity. Sowing delay seriously affected soybean yield and in the Uberlândia MG region the ideal sowing time was October 22, before the beginning of November. In the late sowing in December and January, the cultivars that had their productions less affected were the conventional cultivars BRSMG 68 and TMG 801.

A soja apresenta grande expressão econômica e alto impacto no agronegócio brasileiro. O potencial produtivo de uma cultivar é expresso de acordo com a constituição genética e o ambiente. A época de semeadura exerce influência sobre os caracteres agronômicos da soja, impactando no rendimento de grãos. O objetivo deste estudo, avaliar a influência da época de semeadura sobre o potencial produtivo e caracteres agronômicos de soja. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda experimental Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram utilizadas 12 cultivares (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) e quatro épocas de semeadura (22 de outubro, 05 de novembro, 22 de dezembro de 2016 e 05 de janeiro de 2017). Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade, altura da planta na maturidade, número de nós na maturidade, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número total de vagens, número de vagens chochas e produtividade. As semeaduras realizadas em outubro e novembro contribuíram para a obtenção de maior número de nós e maior altura de plantas na maturidade, que são caracteres agronômicos favoráveis à maiores produtividades. O atraso na semeadura afetou seriamente a produção de soja na região de Uberlândia MG e a época de semeadura ideal foi em 22 de outubro, antes do início de novembro. Nas semeaduras tardias dezembro e janeiro, as cultivares que tiveram suas produtividades menos afetadas foram as cultivares convencionais BRSMG 68 e TMG 801.

Development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) and Spodoptera frugiperda (SMITH, 1797) in winter forages / Desenvolvimento de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) e Spodoptera frugiperda (SMITH, 1797) em forragens de inverno

Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1805 and Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 are polyphagous pests of great agricultural importance in subtropical and temperate climate regions. The usual management of production areas in the southern region of Brazil occurs after the harvesting of summer crops, and the areas are sown with pasture. Thus, forages recommended for grazing are azevém (Lolium multiflorumLam.) and cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.) due to their nutritional benefits, good palatability, regrowth, and hardiness. Considering the high degree of polyphagia of H. armigera and S. frugiperda, and the impact of maintaining continuous feeding areas (green bridges) in the management of these species, this work aimed to evaluate the development of H. armigera and S. frugiperda fed leaves of azevém and cornichão under laboratory conditions. The insects were collected in the city of Capão do Leão/RS in corn and soybean plantations. For each forage species, 130 newly hatched caterpillars were each placed in autoclaved glass tubes, with one-third of the tube length containing forage. The tubes were capped with waterproof cotton and placed in a climate-controlled room at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity, and a 12-h photophase. The food was replenished daily until the caterpillars entered the pupae stage. The pupae were sexed and weighed, and the newly emerged adults were placed in pairs in PVC cages, lined with white A4 sulfite paper. The papers used as a laying substrate were removed and changed daily, and eggs were counted. The number of instars was determined by the linearized Dyar rule model. The complete randomization design was employed for the variables biological cycle length and viability of egg, caterpillar, pre-pupa, pupa, adult, and pre-oviposition phases and weight of caterpillars on the 14th day and pupae after 24 h. Based on the results obtained, a fertility life table was prepared. H. armigera did not complete the cycle, with only three instars and a duration of 22.1 and 24.6 days in azevém and cornichão, respectively. When evaluated in S. frugiperda caterpillars, development in forage species was observed, with five and six instars and duration of 51.7 and 45.1 days in azevém and cornichão, respectively. The azevém was distinguished by interference in the development cycle of the species, reducing the effect of the green bridge. In addition, surviving insects were susceptible to the effects of the agroecosystem due to the low-quality food source.

Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1805 e Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 são pragas polífagas de grande importância agrícola, em regiões de clima subtropical e temperado. Após a colheita das culturas de verão no sul do Brasil, as áreas são utilizadas como pastagem. Com isso, as forrageiras recomendadas ao pastoreio são cornichão (Lotuscorniculatus L.) e azevém (Loliummultiflorum Lam.) por apresentarem benefícios nutricional, palatabilidade, rebrota e rusticidade. Devido ao alto grau de polifagia de H. armigera e S. frugiperda e o impacto de áreas continuas de alimento (pontes verdes) no manejo destas espécies, este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento de H. armigera e S. frugiperda alimentadas com azevém e cornichão em condições de laboratório. Os insetos foram coletados no município de Capão do Leão/RS em plantios de milho e soja. Para cada espécie forrageira foram individualizadas 130 lagartas recém-eclodidas em tubos de vidro autoclavados, com um terço (1/3) do seu comprimento contendo a respectiva forrageira. Os tubos foram tampados com algodão hidrófugo e levados para a sala climatizada a 25 ± 1°C, UR de 70 ± 10% e 12 horas de fotofase. Diariamente, o alimento foi reposto até que as lagartas entrarem em estágio de pupa. As pupas foram sexadas e pesadas e os adultos recém-emergidos foram individualizados em casais em gaiolas de PVC, forradas com papel sulfite A4 branco no seu interior. Os papéis utilizados como substrato de postura foram retirados e trocados diariamente e os ovos foram contabilizados. O número de instares foi determinado pelo modelo linearizado da regra de Dyar. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) para as variáveis duração do ciclo biológico e viabilidade das fases de ovo, lagarta, pré-pupa, pupa, adultos e pré-oviposição, peso de lagartas ao decimo quarto (14°) dia e pupas após 24 horas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi elaborada tabela de vida de fertilidade. H. armigera não completou o ciclo, com apenas três instares e duração de 22,1 e 24,6 dias em azevém e cornichão, respectivamente. Quando avaliado em lagartas de S. frugiperda observou o desenvolvimento nas espécies forrageiras, com 5 e 6 instares e duração de 51,7 e 45,1 dias em azevém e cornichão, respectivamente. Contudo, considerando o critério que evite a formação de ponte verde, azevém destacou-se por interferir no ciclo de desenvolvimento das espécies. Onde, mesmos os que sobrevivem, estão suscetíveis aos efeitos do agroecossitema devido a fonte alimentar ser de baixa qualidade.

Validation of the Mediation Effect Between Cross-Cultural Management and Employee Identification.

PURPOSE: Corporate culture faces a variety of cross-cultural challenges across the globe. Every culture retains and maintains different norms and customs, which are totally unique and different from other cultures. Consequently, employees from different cultures often experience various cross-cultural issues and challenges while working in transnational organizations where employees are needed to understand how people from diverse cultures must work together. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study used mixed research methodology for meeting the paper goals. Both positivism and phenomenology look relevant in a sense that they individually and collectively satisfy the paper objectives. To test mediation and moderation, the authors have used various hypotheses through collecting the sample size of 600 out of 6000 employees working for an Asian group encompassing more than 200 companies. Moderation and mediation strategic management research methods were used with the American Industrial Group in Asia as the setup of the study. Hypotheses were tested on effects of new corporate culture-based learning on the perception of social norms, learning attitude, self-efficacy, and social values. Additional hypotheses were also tested on the effects of perception of social norms, learning attitude, self-efficacy, social values, and psychological control on change intention. RESULTS: Perceived social norms directly affect the willingness to change as they have been used as mediating variables. Therefore, social norms affect corporate norms. CONCLUSION: The paper shows how mediation and moderation are understood and applied through understanding the relationship between local culture and corporate culture. The findings reveal how local culture affects corporate culture. However, there are certain limitations of the study; this includes that the study scope has mostly focused on an Asian context, therefore, it may not be applicable to other continents.

Effect of Rice Winter Cultural Management Practices on the Size of the Hatching Population of Triops longicaudatus (Notostraca: Triopsidae) in California Rice Fields.

The tadpole shrimp [Triops longicaudatus (Leconte)] has emerged as a significant pest of rice grown in California in recent decades. The change in T. longicaudatus' pest status has coincided with changes in cultural management of residual rice straw postharvest. Policy changes have reduced the postharvest burning of fields from nearly 95% to less than 10%, promoting increased use of winter flooding as a means of accelerating straw decomposition. Field and laboratory trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA and in greenhouses at the University of California (UC) Davis to evaluate the effects of burning, flooding, and a fallow control on T. longicaudatus population dynamics. Experiments demonstrated that burning of rice straw failed to suppress densities of hatching T. longicaudatus and actually had the reverse effect, causing a 51% increase in numbers hatching, perhaps as a result of burning triggering termination of multiyear T. longicaudatus egg dormancy. Winter flooding had no measurable effect on T. longicaudatus hatch. Thus, these changes in winter cultural practices do not appear to be responsible for the emergence of T. longicaudatus as a major rice pest.

Societal individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance as cultural moderators of relationships between job resources and strain.

The job demands-resources model is a dominant theoretical framework that describes the influence of job demands and job resources on employee strain. Recent research has highlighted that the effects of job demands on strain vary across cultures, but similar work has not explored whether this is true for job resources. Given that societal characteristics can influence individuals' cognitive structures and, to a lesser extent, values in a culture, we address this gap in the literature and argue that individuals' strain in reaction to job resources may differ across cultures. Specifically, we theorize that the societal cultural dimensions of individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance shape individual-level job resource-strain relationships, as they dictate which types of resources (i.e., individual vs. group preference-oriented and uncertainty-reducing vs. not) are more likely to be valued, used, or effective in combating strain within a culture. Results revealed that societal individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance independently moderated the relationships between certain job resources (i.e., job control, participation in decision making, and clear goals and performance feedback) and strain (i.e., job satisfaction and turnover intentions). This study expands our understanding of the cross-cultural specificity versus generalizability of the job demands-resources model.

Plant population and row spacing on biomass sorghum yield performance / Espaçamento entrelinhas e população de plantas no desempenho produtivo do sorgo biomassa

ABSTRACT: Biomass sorghum is one of the most promising crops for the production of electricity through the burning in high-pressure boilers, due to its high calorific value, high yield, seed propagation, short cycle, and to the possibility of full mechanization of its agricultural processes. However, there is still a lack of information about its cultural practices. To this end, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of row spacing and plant population on the yield performance of biomass sorghum. The experimental design was a randomized block, in factorial scheme of 4 x 4, with four row spacings (0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1m), and four plant populations (80,000; 100,000; 120,000 and 140,000 plants ha-1), with three replications. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers per plant, fresh weight per plant and biomass. Total biomass yield was greatly influenced by the row spacing, showing a sharp reduction when row spacing increased, in the two years of study, changing from 180.27 to 114.42t ha-1 in the 2012/13 crop year, and from 146.50 to 102.56t ha-1 in the 2013/14 crop year, for 0.5 and 1.1m between rows, respectively. The lowest yields observed in the second year of the study were due to unfavorable weather conditions in the period.

RESUMO: O sorgo biomassa é uma das culturas mais promissoras para a produção de energia elétrica, através da queima da planta inteira em caldeiras de alta pressão, devido ao seu alto poder calorífico, alta produtividade, propagação por sementes, ciclo curto e por possibilitar mecanização completa de seus processos agrícolas. Contudo, ainda há uma carência de informações acerca do seu manejo cultural. Para tanto, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influência do espaçamento entrelinhas e da população de plantas no desempenho produtivo do sorgo biomassa. Os experimentos foram instalados em Sete Lagoas/MG, na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, durante duas safras consecutivas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo 4 espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,5; 0,7; 0,9 e 1,1m) e 4 populações de plantas (80.000; 100.000; 120.000 e 140.000 plantas ha-1) e utilizadas três repetições. As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas, número de perfilhos por planta, massa fresca por planta e biomassa total por área cultivada. A produtividade de biomassa total foi influenciada pelo espaçamento entrelinhas, apresentando uma forte redução com o aumento do espaçamento entrelinhas para os dois anos de estudos, passando de 180,27 para 114,42t ha-1, na safra 2012/13, e de 146,50 para 102,56t ha-1, na safra 2013/14, para espaçamentos entrelinhas de 0,5 e 1,1m, respectivamente. As menores produtividades observadas no segundo ano de estudo foram devido às condições climáticas desfavoráveis no período.

Virus diseases of peppers (Capsicum spp.) and their control.

The number of virus species infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) crops and their incidences has increased considerably over the past 30 years, particularly in tropical and subtropical pepper production systems. This is probably due to a combination of factors, including the expansion and intensification of pepper cultivation in these regions, the increased volume and speed of global trade of fresh produce (including peppers) carrying viruses and vectors to new locations, and perhaps climate change expanding the geographic range suitable for the viruses and vectors. With the increased incidences of diverse virus species comes increased incidences of coinfection with two or more virus species in the same plant. There is then greater chance of synergistic interactions between virus species, increasing symptom severity and weakening host resistance, as well as the opportunity for genetic recombination and component exchange and a possible increase in aggressiveness, virulence, and transmissibility. The main virus groups infecting peppers are transmitted by aphids, whiteflies, or thrips, and a feature of many populations of these vector groups is that they can develop resistance to some of the commonly used insecticides relatively quickly. This, coupled with the increasing concern over the impact of over- or misuse of insecticides on the environment, growers, and consumers, means that there should be less reliance on insecticides to control the vectors of viruses infecting pepper crops. To improve the durability of pepper crop protection measures, there should be a shift away from the broadscale use of insecticides and the use of single, major gene resistance to viruses. Instead, integrated and pragmatic virus control measures should be sought that combine (1) cultural practices that reduce sources of virus inoculum and decrease the rate of spread of viruliferous vectors into the pepper crop, (2) synthetic insecticides, which should be used judiciously and only when the plants are young and most susceptible to infection, (3) appropriate natural products and biocontrol agents to induce resistance in the plants, affect the behavior of the vector insects, or augment the local populations of parasites or predators of the virus vectors, and (4) polygenic resistances against viruses and vector insects with pyramided single-gene virus resistances to improve resistance durability.

Dinâmica de infestação de plantas daninhas em variedades de cana-de-açúcar / Infestation dynamics of weed in sugarcane varieties

A seleção de genótipos mais adaptados às condições de estresses bióticos e abióticos aliados com características agronômicas favoráveis são fatores preponderantes para o sucesso no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Neste contexto objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica de infestação de plantas daninhas e o comportamento de variedades de cana-deaçúcar em condições do semiárido norte mineiro. O experimento foi disposto em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e oito variedades de cana-de-açúcar: RB72454, RB867515, RB739735, RB835486, SP81-3250, IAC86-2480, SP80-1842 e RB855536. Nos levantamentos fitossociológicos realizados aos 30 e 150 dias após o plantio (DAP), foram identificadas 25 espécies daninhas distribuídas em 10 famílias, sendo as mais representativas com relação ao número de espécies a Poaceae (9), Fabaceae (4), Malvaceae (3) e Convolvulaceae (2). As principais espécies encontradas no primeiro levantamento foram: Sida rhombifolia, Aeschynomene denticulata, Sida sp., Ipomoea triloba e Senna obtusifolia. Aos 150 DAP as espécies S. rhombifolia, Brachiaria decumbens, Sida sp., Panicum maximum, Sida cordifolia e Brachiaria brizantha obtiveram os maiores IVI e IVC. A similaridade entre as épocas de avaliação foi de 41,86% o que indica baixa homogeneidade das espécies presentes no canavial entre as duas fases da cultura. Entre as variedades a similaridade das comunidades foi alta na primeira avaliação e baixa aos 150 DAP, o que indica influência das variedades cultivadas sobre as plantas daninhas presentes. A variedade de cana-de-açúcar com menor IVE apresentou a maior biomassa de plantas daninhas aos 150 DAP. Dentre as variedades de cana-de-açúcar avaliadas as mais produtivas foram RB72454, RB867515 e SP81-3250.

The selection of adapted genotypes to the conditions biotic and abiotic stresses allies by favorable agronomic characteristics are critical factors for success in the grown of sugarcane. In this context aimed to evaluate the infestation dynamics of weed and behavior of sugarcane varieties in conditions of semi-arid northern Minas Gerais. The experiment was arranged a randomized block design four replicates and sugarcane varieties: RB72454, RB867515, RB739735, RB835486, SP81-3250, IAC86-2480, SP80-1842 and RB855536. In phyto-sociology surveys conducted at 30 and 150 days after planting (DAP), were identified 25 weed species distributed in 10 families, the most representative with respect to the number of species Poaceae (9), Fabaceae (4), Malvaceae (3) and Convolvulaceae (2). The main species found in the first survey were: Sida rhombifolia, Aeschynomene denticulata, Sida sp., Ipomoea triloba and Senna obtusifolia. The highest IVI and IVC in the survey 150 DAP were found for the species Sida rhombifolia, Brachiaria decumbens, Sida sp., Panicum maximum, Brachiaria brizantha and Sida cordifolia. The similarity between the evaluation periods was 41.86% which indicates low homogeneity of the species present in the sugarcane fields between the two phases of culture. Among the varieties of communities similar was high at the first evaluation and low at 150 DAP, indicating influences of grow varieties on weeds. A variety of sugarcane with lower IVE had the highest weed biomass at 150 DAP. Among the varieties of cane sugar worked were the most productive RB72454, RB867515 and SP81-3250.

Desafios para a discussão de missão institucional complexa: o caso de um Instituto de Pesquisa em Saúde / /Challenges for the discussion of a complex institutional mission: the case of a health research institute

Este estudo baseia-se na adaptação do método Démarche estratégica no Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), no período de abril a julho de 2009. Os resultados referem-se à experiência do Laboratório de Leishmaniose. Foi realizada a análise estratégica de quatro segmentos homogêneos, considerando a produção assistencial e indicadores específicos de ensino e pesquisa. No porta-fólio Assistencial e no de Ensino e Pesquisa todos os segmentos mostraram-se competitivos e adequados à missão. O que diferencia o segundo é a maior concentração da produção num segmento. Destaca-se a presença na equipe de trabalho de traços culturais coerentes com os objetivos de mudança propostos pelo enfoque. Esta experiência, por operar indiretamente como reforço dos traços da nova cultura que emerge, revelou o potencial do método em pauta, para efetivar políticas, processos e recursos de forma comunicativa e democrática, o que contribui para a operacionalização das diretrizes do SUS.

This study is based on an adaptation of the Strategic Démarche Approach applied to the Evandro Chagas Institute of Clinical Research (IPEC) in Brazil, from April to July 2009. The results are related to the experience of the Leishmaniasis Laboratory. A strategic analysis of four homogeneous segments was performed, considering the administration of care and specific teaching and research indicators. In both portfolios, all segments showed competitiveness and an appropriate response to mission goals. However, the second portfolio (teaching/research) showed a greater concentration of production in one segment. A highlight was the presence in the work team of cultural traits consistent with the objectives of cultural change. This experience, by operating indirectly in furtherance of the features of the new culture that emerges, revealed the potential of the method in question, to effect policies, processes and resources in a democratic and communicative way, which contributes to the operationalization of the guidelines of the Brazilian Unified Health System.

The foundations of cross cultural management / Fundamentos da gestão transcultural

We trace the roots of current cross cultural management research that draws from each of the generic social sciences - anthropology, sociology, psychology, and economics - as well as the major topic areas or viewpoints within these disciplines. We emphasize the direct predecessors of major current projects and lines of research. The core of the analysis is the literature that we have used in a series of doctoral courses and seminars over a 10 year period (Soendergaard & Peterson, 2007). These courses and seminars are designed to identify major theoretical perspectives and traditions in current cross cultural management research, then look backward to trace their heritage.(AU)

Neste artigo, analisamos as raízes da atual pesquisa em gestão intercultural, as quais podem ser encontradas nas ciências sociais, como antropologia, sociologia, psicologia e economia; e discutimos as principais abordagens ou perspectivas dentro dessas disciplinas. Enfatizamos os predecessores diretos dos maiores projetos e linhas de pesquisa atuais. O aspecto central da análise é a literatura utilizada em vários cursos de pós-graduação e seminários conduzidos ao longo de um período de dez anos (Soendergaard & Peterson, 2007). Esses cursos e seminários foram planejados para identificar as grandes perspectivas e tradições teóricas na pesquisa contemporânea sobre gestão intercultural, cuja herança teórica retorna-se ao passado para reconhecer.(AU)

The foundations of cross cultural management / Fundamentos da gestão transcultural

We trace the roots of current cross cultural management research that draws from each of the generic social sciences - anthropology, sociology, psychology, and economics - as well as the major topic areas or viewpoints within these disciplines. We emphasize the direct predecessors of major current projects and lines of research. The core of the analysis is the literature that we have used in a series of doctoral courses and seminars over a 10 year period (Soendergaard & Peterson, 2007). These courses and seminars are designed to identify major theoretical perspectives and traditions in current cross cultural management research, then look backward to trace their heritage.

Neste artigo, analisamos as raízes da atual pesquisa em gestão intercultural, as quais podem ser encontradas nas ciências sociais, como antropologia, sociologia, psicologia e economia; e discutimos as principais abordagens ou perspectivas dentro dessas disciplinas. Enfatizamos os predecessores diretos dos maiores projetos e linhas de pesquisa atuais. O aspecto central da análise é a literatura utilizada em vários cursos de pós-graduação e seminários conduzidos ao longo de um período de dez anos (Soendergaard & Peterson, 2007). Esses cursos e seminários foram planejados para identificar as grandes perspectivas e tradições teóricas na pesquisa contemporânea sobre gestão intercultural, cuja herança teórica retorna-se ao passado para reconhecer.

Características morfológicas em plantas de cultivares de aveia como indicadoras do potencial competitivo com plantas daninhas / Morphological traits in oat plants cultivars as indicators of competitive potential against weeds

O objetivo do experimento foi comparar cultivares de aveia quanto a características morfológicas de plantas no início do desenvolvimento que possam mostrar relação com a capacidade de competir com plantas daninhas. Para tanto, foi realizado um experimento a campo na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), durante a estação fria de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completamente casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram investigadas 10 cultivares de aveia, a saber: 'ALBASUL', 'CFT 1', 'FAPA 5', 'FAPA 6', 'UFRGS 19', 'UPF 16', 'UPFA 20', 'UPFA 22', 'URS 21' e 'URS 22'. As características de planta avaliadas foram: estatura de planta, matéria seca da parte aérea, cobertura foliar do solo, incrementos em estatura, matéria seca e cobertura, potencial competitivo, produtividade biológica, produtividade de grãos e índice de colheita. Constatou-se que cultivares de aveia mostram variações acentuadas em características morfológicas no início do ciclo. As cultivares 'UPF 16' e 'UPFA 22' apresentam características típicas de plantas competidoras devido à elevada cobertura proporcionada por seus dosséis e aos rápidos incrementos em estatura e cobertura do solo na fase inicial de desenvolvimento. A cultivar 'ALBASUL', por outro lado, não é portadora de atributos morfológicos que a caracterizem como portadora de perfil competidor com plantas concorrentes no início do ciclo, embora apresente elevada produtividade de grãos e elevado índice de colheita.

The aim of this study was to compare plant oat morphological traits of cultivars at early stages, that may be more competitive against weeds. A field experiment was performed at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul - RS, during 2005 cold season, in a completely random design, with four replicates. The oat cultivars evaluated were: 'ALBASUL', 'CFT 1', 'FAPA 5', 'FAPA 6', 'UFRGS 19', 'UPF 16', 'UPFA 20', 'UPFA 22', 'URS 21', and 'URS 22'. Plant traits evaluated were: plant height, shoot dry matter, soil canopy coverage, increases in height, dry matter and coverage, competitive potential, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Oat cultivars show outstanding variations regarding to morphological traits during the initial growth period. 'UPF 16' and 'UPFA 22' cultivars present typical characteristics of competing plants, due to high soil coverage by their canopies and to fast increments in height and in soil coverage, during the initial growth period. 'ALBASUL' cultivar, on the other hand, does not hold a competitor profile with weeds at the beginning of development, although it presents high grain yield and high harvest index.

On the Nature of the Management of Hospital Invisible Culture / 中国医学伦理学

The hospital culture management is an important aspect of hospital management.The service concept and performance are different in each hospital because each hospital has its own cultural characteristics,resulting in different hospital cultures.Hospital culture is the spiritual pillar of the hospital brand.A good cultural atmosphere in the hospital will be the most important and lasting protection on the creation of hospital brand services.The key of nurturing hospital culture is to shape the hospital spirit.Hospital spirit is hospital staff′s concentrated expression of value orientation,culture status,group consciousness and the behavioral code.So it is an important task of hospital culture construction to strengthen medical ethics and build a harmonious physician-patient relationship.And this is also the new requirements for medical staff.To enhance hospital′s core competitiveness calls to develop innovative hospital culture.

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Hatch and Survival of Meloidogyne incognita.

The influence of soil temperature and moisture on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood was examined in relation to hatching and survival of second-stage juveniles (J2). Nematodes were cultured on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Acala SJ2) under field conditions to provide populations similar to those found in the field in late autumn. Egg masses were placed in a temperature range (9-12 C and 21 C), and hatch was measured over a period equivalent to 20 degree days > 10 C (DD10). Hatch occurred below the reported 18 C activity threshold, was restricted below 12 C, and was inhibited below 10 C. Soil moisture influence on hatch was measured by placing egg masses in Hesperia sandy loam and subjecting them to suction pressures ranging from -1.1 bars to -4 .5 bars. Suction potentials of less than -2 bars reduced hatch and less than -3 bars inhibited hatch. J2 were placed in sandy loam soil with soil moisture near field capacity, and their motility was measured over a period of 500 DD10. In the absence of a host, more than 90% of J2 became nonmotile over this period.