Clinical evaluation of photodynamic therapy for oral leukoplakia: a retrospective study of 50 patients.

BACKGROUND: Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated encouraging results in the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OLK). However, data on the clinical efficacy of PDT in Chinese patients with OLK are still limited. METHODS: Fifty patients diagnosed with OLK were enrolled, including patients with various dysplastic tissues. All patients received topical PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a photosensitizer. Clinical efficacy was evaluated 4 weeks after treatment. Follow-up was performed every 3 months during the first year and every 6 months during the second year. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 68% (34/50): 12% (n = 6) complete and 56% (n = 28) partial responses. Aneuploidy was reduced in the patients with dysplastic lesions. Oral pain and local ulcers developed in 52% of the patients (n = 26). Patients with a long history of OLK including hyperplasia and dysplastic lesions, as well as those with non-homogenous lesions, were more likely to develop pain and ulcer. During follow-up, the recurrence rate of hyperplasia and dysplastic lesions was 32% (n = 16) and the malignant transformation rate of dysplastic lesions was 4% (n = 2). Lesions on the buccal mucosa were associated with recurrence (P = 0.044; OR: 0.108, 95% CI: 0.013-0.915). CONCLUSION: Topical 5-ALA-mediated PDT is an effective treatment for OLK, particularly for homogenous leukoplakia, with few side effects. The buccal mucosa may be a protective factor that can reduce recurrence.

The Diagnostic Value of BRAF V600E Gene Detection Combined with DNA Ploidy Analysis in Thyroid Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The thyroid cancer incidence has been experimenting an accelerated growth all over the world. The serine/threonine-protein kinase (BRAF) V600E gene detection or the DNA ploidy analysis has been employed in the identification of thyroid cancer type. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the BRAF V600E gene integrated with DNA ploidy analysis in thyroid cancer. METHODS: From August 2022 to May 2023, 400 individuals from the thyroid surgery outpatient department of our hospital were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into low-risk groups (Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ group; n = 200) and high-risk groups (Ⅳ+Ⅴ group; n = 200) based on the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS). A total of the patients were subjected to the DNA ploidy analysis, the BRAF V600E gene detection, or the combination of both techniques. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the above techniques and considered the postoperative pathology results as gold standard for cancer diagnosis. The negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of TI-RADS, BRAF V600E gene detection, DNA ploidy analysis, and BRAF V600E gene detection joined with DNA ploidy analysis were calculated. RESULTS: Among 400 subjects, 238 presented thyroid cancer and 162 had benign lesions, according to the postoperative pathology results. The obtained sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV values of TI-RADS were 55.88%, 58.64%, 57.00%, 66.50%, 47.50%, respectively; of BRAF V600E gene detection were 81.93%, 69.75%, 77.00%, 79.92%, 72.44%, respectively; of DNA ploidy analysis were 83.19%, 72.84%, 79.00%, 81.82%, 74.68%, respectively; of BRAF V600E gene combined with DNA ploidy analysis were 90.34%, 76.54%, 84.75%, 84.98%, 84.35%, respectively. Compared with TI-RADS, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV values of DNA ploidy analysis, BRAF V600E gene detection, and the conjunction of these last two methods were increased (p < 0.05). The combination of DNA ploidy analysis and BRAF V600E gene detection had the highest values among them all. CONCLUSIONS: BRAF V600E gene detection in conjunction with DNA ploidy analysis showed a better diagnostic value than both methods separately or TI-RADS.

DNA image cytometry ploidy analysis technique improves the detection rate of pleural effusion cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical diagnostic value of DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) ploidy analysis in malignant pleural effusion cancer screening, this study analyzed the effect of exfoliated cell smears (ECSs), cell blocks (CBs), and immunochemistry. METHOD: A total of 830 cases of pleural effusion were considered for the DNA-ICM ploidy analysis. The ECSs were centrifuged, the CBs were formed, and the DNA-ICM ploidy analysis was carried out in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion. Immunochemistry and biopsy was applied to differentiate between benign and malignant pleural effusion and to determine the source of the latter. The sensitivity and specificity differences between the three methods alone and in combination were compared. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the DNA-ICM, ECS, and CB methods was 96.28%, 94.93%, and 95.95%, respectively, and the specificity of each method was 86.52%, 87.08%, and 86.14%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis method were 99.32% and 75.09%, respectively. Among the 22 cases diagnosed as positive in the DNA-ICM ploidy analysis but negative in the ECS and CB analyses, four cases were diagnosed as positive by comprehensive clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and specificity of DNA-ICM ploidy analysis are high; the positive detection rate of pleural fluid cytology is effectively increased, and the missed detection rate of cell pathologies is effectively reduced. The combination of the three methods significantly improves the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, and immunochemistry with CBs can be used to accurately analyze the primary tumor site.

The Application of DNA Ploidy Analysis in Large-Scale Population Screening for Cervical Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of DNA ploidy analysis in large-scale population screening for cervical cancer. METHODS: From March 2016 to March 2019, eligible subjects were enrolled and recommended to undergo DNA ploidy analysis, the ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) detection concurrently. Patients with positive results were recommended for colposcopy, and biopsy diagnosis was regarded as the "gold standard." We compared the test efficiencies of the 3 methods and compared the efficiency and accuracy of the TCT in our hospital and the "2-cancer screening" project in Hubei Province during the same period. RESULTS: Among 20,574 women, the positive rates of DNA ploidy analysis, cytology, and hrHPV testing were 4.01%, 4.71%, and 16.28%, respectively. The sensitivities of these methods for screening for grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were 0.70, 0.68, and 0.96, and their specificities were 0.79, 0.82, and 0.45, respectively. On comparing DNA ploidy analysis with the TCT, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and missed diagnosis rate. In opportunistic screening and the 2-cancer screening project, the positive rates of cytology were 4.71% and 2.87%, respectively. And the efficiency and accuracy of the TCT in opportunistic screening were higher than in the 2-cancer screening project. CONCLUSION: Therefore, DNA ploidy analysis, which is of low-cost and does not depend on cytopathologists, can replace cytology and be applied in large-scale population screening for cervical cancer.

Values of exfoliated cell smear, DNA ploidy analysis, cell block and their combined detection in diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To study the values of exfoliated cell smear, DNA ploidy analysis, cell block and their combined detection in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, and to provide the evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion Methods: A total of 300 cases of pleural effusion specimens were analyzed by DNA ploidy analysis to judge the benign and malignant pleural effusion; the centrifuged cell pellet was used for smear, the cell block was made, and the source of malignant pleural effusion was judged by immunohistochemistry method The sensitivities and specificities of three methods and their combined detection in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion were compared Results: The sensitivities of exfoliated cell smears, DNA ploidy analysis and cell block in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion were 83. 13%, 84. 44%, and 79. 52%, respectively; the specificities were 82. 95%, 86. 64%, and 83. 87%, respectively; the sensitivity of parallel test in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion was 98. 79%; the specificity of serial test in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion was 99. 54%. Conclusion: The combined detection of three methods can significantly improve the clinical diagnotic effect of malignant pleural effusion compared with single detection of three methods.

Simultaneous use of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay and flow cytometric DNA ploidy analysis in patients with acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to simultaneously use multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay and flow cytometric DNA ploidy analysis (FPA) to detect aneuploidy in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia. METHODS: MLPA assay and propidium iodide FPA were used to test samples from 53 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia referred to our laboratory for immunophenotyping. Results were compared by nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: The combined use of both methods significantly increased the rate of detection of aneuploidy as compared to that obtained by each method alone. The limitations of one method are somehow countervailed by the other and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: MPLA and FPA yield different yet complementary information concerning aneuploidy in acute leukemia. The simultaneous use of both methods might be recommended in the clinical setting. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

Study on immunocytochemistry p16/Ki-67 double staining combined with DNA ploidy analysis for analyzing and predicting cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of DNA ploidy analysis combined with immunocytochemistry p16/ki-67 double staining in cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia(HSIL) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).Methods A total of 73 cases of cytological tests were randomly collected.Among them,53 cases were small DNA ploidy abnormal cells and 20 cases were DNA ploidy negative.The p16/Ki-67 results were detected by immunocytochemistry double staining.With the pathological results as the golden standard,the diagnostic values of DNA ploidy analysis and DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining in HSIL + was contrastively analyzed by pathologic results.Results Among 20 samples of DNA ploidy negative,the p16/Ki-67 double staining results all were negative.The positive predictive value of DNA ploidy analysis for HSIL + was 34.62％.The sensitivity of DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining for HSIL + was 84.62％,and its specificity was 92.31％,the positive predictive value was 78.57％ and the negative predictive value was 94.74％,which were significantly higher than those of DNA ploidy analysis(P＜0.05).Conclusion p16/Ki-67 double staining can significantly im prove the prediction value of HSIL.The DNA ploidy analysis combined with p16/Ki-67 double staining is an effective method for predicting HSIL +,which is suitable for the implementation in the areas with lack of medical resources.

Application of DNA ploidy analysis in diagnosis of serous cavity effusion / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the application value of automated cell DNA ploidy analysis system in the diagnosis of benign and malignant serous cavity effusion.Methods 262 cases of serous cavity effusion(169 cases of pleural effusion,78 cases of ascites,15 cases of pericardial effusion)were treated by centrifugation,2 slices of each sample were made.One of them used for dyeing Feulgen,which given automatic cell DNA ploidy analysis,another one for Papanicolaou staining,with a conventional cytology.The positive detection rate of these 2 kinds of different detection methods for malignant serous cavity effusion were compared.Results 119 cases(45.4％)of 262 cases abnormal were detected by conventional cytology of serous cavity effusion.Meanwhile,113 cases (43.1 ％)were detected abnormal by DNA ploidy analysis in the same samples.73 cases of tumor cells and suspicious tumor cells were found by conventional cytology,and different ploidy cells were found in all of these samples In conventional cells,46 cases of nuclear heterogeneous cells were found,while only 34 cases exist different ploidy cells.Conclusion Automated cell DNA ploidy analysis system is helpful to improve the positive diagnosis rate of serous cavity effusion,which can be used as an important auxiliary means of cytology.

DNA ploidy of cervical epithelial cells should be a cure criterion of high-risk HPV infection in Xinjiang Uygur women.

BACKGROUND: The Uygur women have the highest incidence of cervical cancer in all Chinese ethnic groups. The research was conducted to explore whether DNA ploidy could be the prognostic indicator of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Xinjiang Uygur women. METHODS: Case data and cervical exfoliated cell samples from 326 Uygur women. The DNA ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry. The flow-through hybridization and gene chip (FHGC) for HPV type test then divided the cases into negative HPV group, non high-risk HPV infection group, single high-risk HPV infection group, and multiple high-risk HPV infection group. Lastly, 113 cases from 273 HPV infection cases were followed up. RESULTS: The 16-type HPV had the highest rate in all genotypes infection; 16/18-type HPV mixed infection was the most common type in multiple high-risk HPV infection group. Abnormal DNA ploidy happened along with the seriousness of HPV infection. Compared with the HPV negative group, DNA heteroploid appeared 12.750 times and 22.705 times, respectively, in single high-risk HPV and multiple high-risk HPV infection groups. Followed up 1 year later, the DNA index, S-phase cells' peak percentage and heteroploid of cervical exfoliated cells significantly reduced in single and multiple high-risk HPV infection patients, but in nine patients negative HPV infection and DNA heteroploid still existed. CONCLUSION: The finally cure criterion of high-risk HPV infection should include the negative HPV test and normal DNA ploidy analysis. It was useful to prevent and cure cervical lesions in Xinjiang Uygur women through high-risk HPV test and DNA ploidy analysis. The transient infection and persistent infection in Xinjiang Uygur women should be taken as further research.

The significance of DNA ploidy analysis in cervical carcinoma screening for outpatients / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the value of DNA ploidy analysis in cervical cancer screening for outpatients.Methods 840 from 2 692 outpatients examed by Thin Prep cytology,DNA ploidy analysis were performed directed biopsy simultaneously.Sample were taken by cervix brush and transported into a fixative solution.Two slides were made from each sample for staining with Feulgen DNA specific staining and the other with Pap stained,respectively.The routine cytological diagnosis of Pap smear was done by cytology physicians,and the Feulgen staining tablets by the automated DNA ploidy analysis system.Results Among 840 cases,554 cases (66.0 ％) were histological diagnosed as chronic cervicitis,25 cases (3.0 ％) as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ,59 cases (7.0 ％) as CIN Ⅱ,100 cases (11.9 ％) as CINⅢ and 102 cases (12.1％) as cervical invasive cancer by pathological biopsy.486 cases were observed with DNA heteroploid and 354 were not.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive values and negative predictive values of scanning CIN Ⅱ or more severe cervical diseases by DNA heteroploid positive or heteroploid ≥3 for were 91.9 ％ or 89.2 ％,58.5 ％ or 35.8 ％,49.4 ％ or 57.3 ％,94.1％ or 77.2 ％,respectively,while those of scanning equal or more than LSIS andthe above diseases by Thin Prep cytology were 40.2 ％,90.0 ％,39.6 ％ and 76.9 ％.Conclusion DNA ploidy analysis might be a useful tool for cervical cancer screening and has a competitive sensitivity compared with conventional cytology.

A comparative study of liquid based cytology examination and DNA quantitative analysis in 879 women / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the application and clinical significance of the liquid based cytology examination and the DNA quantitative analysis in female cervical lesions.Methods The cervical cell samples were collected from 879 women participating in the comparison by the cervical brush and performed the the liquid-based thin layer section preparation for conducting Papanicolaou staining and DNA staining respectively.The liquid based cytology examination was performed on the Papanicolaou staining section and the fully automatic scanning diagnosis was performed on the DNA staining section.Results The cases of above atypical squa-mous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)detected by the liquid based cytology examination and the partial cases of hetero-ploid cell detected by the fully automated DNA ploidy analysis system were recommended to further perform colposcopy and cervi-cal biopsy.28 women were performed the pathological biopsy.With the cytological examination result as the standard,the detection rate of above ASCUS cervical lesions detected by the cellular DNA quantitative analysis was calculated.Conclusion The combined application of the cellular DNA quantitative analysis method and the liquid based cytology examination can obviously increase the positive detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion,which has important significance for the prevention and treatment of female cervical cancer in our country.

The applicatton value of DNA ploidy analysis in the diagnosis of pleural effusion / 中国医师进修杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value ofDNA ploidy analysis in the diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.MethodsDNA ploidy in 24 benign pleural effusion and 39 malignant pleural effusion were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and compared with the results of cytologic detection at the same time.ResultsThe positive rates of FCM detection in benign and malignant pleural effusion were 8.33％(2/24) and 64.10％ (25/39),there was significant difference (P＜0.05).The positive rates of cytologic detection in benign and malignant pleural effusion were 4.17％( 1/24 ) and 53.85％( 21/39),there was significant difference (P＜0.05).The sensitivity of FCM and cytologic detection in malignant pleural effusion was 64.10％ (25/39) and 53.85％ (21/39),the specificity of two methods was 91.67％ (22/24) and 95.83％ (23/24.),the results of two methods showed no significant differences (P ＞0.05).ConclusionDNA ploidy analysis by FCM has important clinical value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.

Laboratory indicators for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites / 第二军医大学学报

The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites is of great significance in clinic; the early diagnosis of malignant ascites is especially difficult. Definite diagnosis is usually based on conventional cytology to find cancer cells in the ascites in clinic, but the rate of missed diagnosis is high, and the negative outcome cannot exclude the presence of tumors. Currently, many new laboratory methods and indicators have been used clinically and have demonstrated primary efficiency in providing evidences for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites. This article reviews the progress in laboratory indicators for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites.

Image analysis in dermatopathology.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Image analysis in dermatopathology has been used for DNA ploidy analysis, morphometry, stereology, and quantitative immunohistochemistry. The object is to review image analysis in dermatopathology and evaluate these modalities and their application in pigmented lesion pathology, for elucidation of tumor behaviour and architecture and as an aid in tumor identification and prognostication. CONCLUSION: Image analysis in dermapathology has a huge potential. The techniques are difficult and at present mainly used in specialized centres.