Prevalencia e incidencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en 2, 5 millones de niños y adolescentes en España / The prevalence and incidence rate of overweight and obesity among 2.5 million children and adolescents in Spain

Introducción y objetivos: Las tendencias de la obesidad infantil se están estancando en España, pero hay poca información sobre las diferencias por comunidad autónoma. Este estudio evaluó en 8 comunidades autónomas la prevalencia y la incidencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes entre 2005-2017. Métodos: Este estudio longitudinal utilizó las determinaciones de estatura y peso de 2,5 millones de niños de 2-17 años para calcular el sobrepeso y la obesidad según las guías de la OMS. Los datos proceden de 2 bases de datos de historias clínicas electrónicas: la Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria y el Sistema de Información para la Investigación en Atención Primaria. Se calcularon la prevalencia, la tasa de incidencia y las tendencias entre 2005-2017, y se estratificaron por edad, sexo y comunidad autónoma. Resultados: La prevalencia general de obesidad aumentó en niños y niñas desde los 2 años (0,8%; IC95%, 0,8-0,9% en ambos sexos) hasta alcanzar su punto máximo a los 7 años en las niñas (17,3%; IC95%, 17,1-17,5%) y a los 9 años en los niños (24,1%; IC95%, 23,9-24,3%). Las prevalencias de obesidad más altas y más bajas se observaron en Murcia y Navarra respectivamente. Las tendencias generales de la prevalencia de obesidad disminuyeron de 2005 a 2017 en todos los grupos de edad y sexo y en la mayoría de las comunidades autónomas. Las tasas de incidencia de obesidad más altas se encontraron en niños de 6-7 años (4,5 [4,5-4,5] y 3,5 [3,5-3,5] nuevos casos de obesidad cada 100 personas-año en niños y niñas respectivamente). Los niños tenían cifras de prevalencia e incidencia más altas que las niñas en todas las comunidades autónomas. Los valores de prevalencia e incidencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y sus tendencias fueron constantemente mayores que los de obesidad, aunque se observó un patrón similar según edad y sexo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad se redujo ligeramente en España (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Childhood obesity trends are plateauing in Spain, but limited information is available about how they differ by region. This study assessed childhood and adolescent the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity from 2005 to 2017 across 8 Spanish regions. Methods: This longitudinal study used height and weight measurements from 2.5 million children aged 2 to 17 years to calculate overweight and obesity, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Data were obtained from The Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria, and the Information System for Research in Primary Care. Prevalence and incidence rates and trends from 2005 to 2017 were calculated and stratified by age, sex, and region. Results: The overall obesity prevalence increased in boys and girls from age 2 (0.8%; 95%CI, 0.8-0.9 in both sexes) until peaking at age 7 in girls (17.3%; 95%CI, 17.1-17.5) and age 9 in boys (24.1%; 95%CI 23.9-24.3). The highest and lowest obesity prevalences were observed in Murcia and Navarre. Overall obesity prevalence trends decreased from 2005 to 2017 in all age-sex groups and in most regions. Highest obesity incidence rates were found in children aged 6 to 7 years, (4.5 [4.5-4.5] and 3.5 [3.5-3.5] new obesity cases per 100 person-years in boys and girls, respectively). Boys had higher prevalence and incidence rates than girls across all regions. Overweight/obesity prevalence and incidence rates and their trends were consistently higher than the obesity results, although a similar pattern was observed across sex and age.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity prevalence slightly decreased in Spain from 2005 to 2017, but regional, sex, and age differences persisted. Because incidence peaked around the age of 6 years, it may be important to begin health promotion programs at an early age (AU)

The prevalence and incidence rate of overweight and obesity among 2.5 million children and adolescents in Spain.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity trends are plateauing in Spain, but limited information is available about how they differ by region. This study assessed childhood and adolescent the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity from 2005 to 2017 across 8 Spanish regions. METHODS: This longitudinal study used height and weight measurements from 2.5 million children aged 2 to 17 years to calculate overweight and obesity, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Data were obtained from The Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria, and the Information System for Research in Primary Care. Prevalence and incidence rates and trends from 2005 to 2017 were calculated and stratified by age, sex, and region. RESULTS: The overall obesity prevalence increased in boys and girls from age 2 (0.8%; 95%CI, 0.8-0.9 in both sexes) until peaking at age 7 in girls (17.3%; 95%CI, 17.1-17.5) and age 9 in boys (24.1%; 95%CI 23.9-24.3). The highest and lowest obesity prevalences were observed in Murcia and Navarre. Overall obesity prevalence trends decreased from 2005 to 2017 in all age-sex groups and in most regions. Highest obesity incidence rates were found in children aged 6 to 7 years, (4.5 [4.5-4.5] and 3.5 [3.5-3.5] new obesity cases per 100 person-years in boys and girls, respectively). Boys had higher prevalence and incidence rates than girls across all regions. Overweight/obesity prevalence and incidence rates and their trends were consistently higher than the obesity results, although a similar pattern was observed across sex and age. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity prevalence slightly decreased in Spain from 2005 to 2017, but regional, sex, and age differences persisted. Because incidence peaked around the age of 6 years, it may be important to begin health promotion programs at an early age.