Clinico-demographic Profile of Carcinoma Urinary Bladder-5-Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern India.

Urinary bladder carcinoma is a disease of the elderly and often presents at an advanced stage due to ignorance and manifestation of symptoms at later stages of the disease. In India, very little data is available regarding the clinico-epidemiological pattern of urinary bladder cancers. In this study, we analysed the clinico-demographic profile of patients with urinary bladder carcinoma, attending a tertiary care centre in Eastern India over the last 5 years. We analysed the database of Oncology OPD of a tertiary care centre in West Bengal in Eastern India and collected the demographic, clinical and treatment data of urinary bladder carcinoma patients who attended our OPD between 2017 and 2021. The objective was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of these patients and compare them with those reported from other parts of India as well as the rest of the world. Majority of patients (70%) were above 50 years of age with a strikingly huge male predominance (male:female = 6.6:1). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common (90%) histology. 67.2% of the cases were muscle-invasive disease at presentation, and 19.3% of the patients presented with metastatic disease with bone (42%) as the most common site of metastasis. Overall, around 22% of patients underwent surgery either with definitive or palliative intent. Sixty-five percent of the patients who received radiotherapy underwent definitive radiation as a part of bladder preservation protocol. Thirty-five percent of all patients received chemotherapy; most of them (50.5%) received chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment before definitive therapy. To conclude, it can be said that this study is one of its first from Eastern India and will act as a stepping stone for future studies concentrating on clinico-epidemiological profile, early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma urinary bladder.

Clinico-Demographic Profile Of Soft Tissue Sarcoma- 5 Year Experience From A Tertiary Care Centre Of Eastern India.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasm.But, due to their low prevalence, very little data is available worldwide as well as in India regarding their clinico-epidemiological pattern.In this study we analysed the clinico-demographic profile of STS patients attending a tertiary care centre of Eastern India over the last 5 years. We analyzed the prospectively maintained database of a tertiary care centre of West Bengal in Eastern India, and collected the data regarding the demography, clinical profile, pathology and treatment of STS patients who attended our OPD between 2017-2021. The objective was to assess the demographic and clinical data of STS patients of Eastern India and compare it with those of the reported literature from rest of the country as well as outside world. Most of the cases (27%) were between 41-50 years of age group with a slight male predominance (Male: Female = 1.01:1). Spindle cell sarcoma was the most common (24.3%) histology followed by undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (15%) and extremities were the most common site of involvement (47.7%). 71% patients presented with stage III and advanced disease.81% patients underwent radical surgery,14% patient received neo-adjuvant and 60% received adjuvant radiotherapy.91% patients received systemic chemotherapy. To conclude, this study is one of its first from Eastern India and will act as a stepping stone for future studies concentrating on clinico-epidemiological profile, early diagnosis and treatment of STS.

Clinico-Demographic Profile and Factors Affecting Duration of Hospital Stay Among Burn Patients in an Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center, South India: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Burns continue to be a serious public health problem in India. It persists as an endemic disease in spite of implementing various preventive measures at the individual and community levels. Etiology and factors influencing burns are varied. There is a paucity of data regarding the clinico-demographic profile of burns disease, especially from emergency tertiary care settings in India. Objective To assess the proportion of burn patients having longer hospital stays (>1 week) and the influence of clinico-demographic factors associated with it among the burn patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care institute in south India. Methodology An institution-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among burns patients attending the Emergency Medicine Department (EMD) of a tertiary care center between January 2017 and December 2017. Information on clinico-demographic profile and duration of hospital stay were captured using semi-structured data collection proforma. Results All the 327 burns injury patients who presented to our EMD during the study period were included. Among the 327 patients, 259 (79%) were admitted to the EMD. Among 259 admitted patients, 142 (55%) patients were discharged home. Among these 142 patients, 106 (74.6%; 95%CI 66.8-81.2) had longer hospital stays (more than one week). Female gender and facial/inhalational burns were found to have an independent effect on the length of hospital stay even after adjusted analysis. Conclusion Length of hospital stay is independently influenced by female gender and facial/inhalational burns. This study also identified the need for better home safety, child-proofing, proper pre-hospital care, and dedicated burns units in the community.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Head and Neck Abscesses in 68 Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre.

An abscess in head and neck region causes life threatening complications which may result in death. Because of challenging early recognition and wide range of its presenting features the present study was carried out to study in detail the clinico- demographic profile of the patients with head and neck abscesses. An observational cross sectional study was carried out on 68 cases of head and neck abscesses in a tertiary care center in Maharashtra. Out of 68 cases, 43(63.23%) were males and 25(36.77%) were females. Around 57% of the cases were in the age group of 11 to 40 years. 36(52.94%) cases had abscesses in the neck region while 32(47.06%) cases had it in the head region. Majority of the cases were of submandibular abscesses (18; 26.47%) followed by mastoid abscess (11;16.18%), Ludwig's angina (9;13.24%) and others. Most common etiology was odontogenic in origin (24; 35.29%) followed by otogenic (23; 33.82%). Pain and swelling (56; 82.35%) were the most common presenting features followed by fever (32, 47.06%) and others. 25% cases had history of diabetes mallitus. Incision and drainage was the most common mode of treatment used. Majority abscesses can be treated successfully by incision and drainage with the cover of antibiotics. Diabetic cases of abscesses can be managed successfully without any complications or prolonged hospital stay with good sugar control.

'Be the Match'. Predictors of Decisions Concerning Registration as a Potential Bone Marrow Donor-A Psycho-Socio-Demographic Study.

(1) Background: The study was aimed at a better understanding of the factors determining making a decision to become a potential bone marrow donor, in a Polish research sample; (2) Methods: The data was collected using a self-report questionnaire among persons who voluntarily participated in the study concerning donation, conducted on a sample of the Polish population via Internet. The study included 533 respondents (345 females and 188 males), aged 18-49. Relationships between the decision about registration as potential bone marrow donor and psycho-socio-demographic factors were estimated using the machine learning methods (binary logistic regression and classification & regression tree); (3) Results. The applied methods coherently emphasized the crucial role of personal experiences in making the decision about willingness for potential donation, f.e. familiarity with the potential donor. They also indicated religious issues and negative health state assessment as main decision-making destimulators; (4) Conclusions. The results of the study may contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of recruitment actions by more precise personalization of popularizing-recruitment actions addressed to the potential donors. It was found that selected machine learning methods are interesting set of analyses, increasing the prognostic accuracy and quality of the proposed model.

Profile of health care workers in a context of instability: a cross-sectional study of four rural health zones in eastern DR Congo (lessons learned).

BACKGROUND: The crisis in human resources for health is observed worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of human resources for health as a major pillar for the proper functioning of the health system, especially in fragile and conflict-affected contexts such as DR Congo. However, the aspects relating to human resources profile in relation to the level of performance of the health districts in a particular context of conflicts and multiform crises have not yet been described. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the profile of staff working in rural health districts in a context of crisis and conflicts. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 15, 2017 to May 30, 2019 on 1090 health care workers (HCW) exhaustively chosen from four health districts in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (Idjwi, Katana, Mulungu and Walungu). Data were collected using a survey questionnaire. The Chi2 test was used for comparison of proportions and the Kruskal-Wallis test for medians. As measures of association, we calculated the odds ratios (OR) along with their 95% confidence interval. The α-error cut-off was set at 5%. RESULTS: In all the health districts the number of medical doctors was very insufficient with an average of 0.35 medical doctors per 10,000 inhabitants. However, the number of nurses was sufficient, with an average of 3 nurses per 5000 inhabitants; the nursing / medical staff (47%) were less represented than the administrative staff (53%). The median (Min-Max) age of all HCW was 46 (20-84) years and 32% of them were female. This was the same for the registration of staff in the civil service (obtaining a registration number). The mechanism of remuneration and payment of benefits, although a national responsibility, also suffered more in unstable districts. Twenty-one percent of the HCW had a monthly income of 151USD and above in the stable district; 9.2% in the intermediate and 0.9% in the unstable districts. Ninety-six percent of HCW do not receive Government' salary and 64% of them do not receive the Government bonus. CONCLUSION: The context of instability compromises the performance of the health system by depriving it of competent personnel. This is the consequence of the weakening of the mechanisms for implementing the practices and policies related to its management. DR Congo authorities should develop incentive mechanisms to motivate young and trained HCW to work in unstable and intermediate health districts by improving their living and working conditions.

Assessment of Pulmonary Functions and Dysfunctions in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Diabetes mellitus causes microvascular complications in the eyes and kidneys as well as the nervous system, among other parts of the body. Lungs are a potential target organ for diabetic microvascular complications and remain the least researched among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to explore whether there is any difference in pulmonary functions in patients with diabetes mellitus compared to those without. Methodology A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 participants each with and without type II diabetes mellitus. Pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of FVC in percentage (FEV1%), peak expiratory flow rate in L/second (PEFR), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 25% of FVC (FEF25%), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 50% of FVC (FEF50%), forced expiratory flow rate in L/second in 75% of FVC (FEF75%), forced expiratory flow rate during 25-75% of expiration (FEF25-75%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), of both groups were analyzed using the NDD Large True Flow (Easy One) spirometer (NDD Meditechnik AG., Switzerland). A fully automated chemistry analyzer and linear chromatography were used for glycemic control measurements. Results All pulmonary function test parameter values were lower in participants with diabetes mellitus compared to those without, except FEV1% and PEFR, which indicates a mixed pattern of lung dysfunction. FVC had a significant negative correlation with the duration of diabetes (r = -0.299, p = 0.034). Conclusions Type II diabetes mellitus patients had significant dysfunction in pulmonary functions with early involvement of restrictive parameters which can be monitored/diagnosed by regularly following up patients by measuring pulmonary functions, and, hence, can be taken care of.

Clinico-demographic profile of COVID-19 positive patients - first wave versus second wave - an experience in north-east India.

INTRODUCTION: India witnessed two distinct COVID-19 waves. We evaluated the clinico-demographic profile of patients infected during first wave (FW) and second wave (SW) in a hospital in north-east India. METHODOLOGY: Patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 specific gene by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction across FW and SW were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive. The clinico-demographic data of these positive patients were retrieved from the specimen-referral-form. Vital parameters including respiratory rate, SpO2, data on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) were obtained from hospital records for in-patients. Patients were categorized based on disease severity. The data obtained in both waves were analyzed comparatively. RESULTS: Out of a total of 119,016 samples tested, 10,164 (8.5%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive (2907 during FW, 7257 during SW). Male predominance was seen across both waves (FW: 68.4%; SW:58.4%), with more children infected during SW. Patients with travel history (24%) and contact with laboratory confirmed cases (61%) were significantly higher during SW relative to FW (10.9% and 42.1% respectively). Healthcare worker infection was higher in SW (5.3%). Symptoms like vomiting [14.8%], diarrhea [10.5%], anosmia [10.4%] and aguesia [9.4%] were more in SW. More patients developed CARDS in SW (6.7%) compared to FW (3.4%) with 85% and 70% patients expiring across FW and SW respectively. No case of CAM is documented in our study. CONCLUSIONS: This was probably the most comprehensive study from north-east India. Industrial oxygen cylinder usage may have been the source of CAM in the rest of the country.

Understanding the Demographic, Clinical, and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Profiles of COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeast India.

Introduction and aims The demographic and clinical profile and dynamics of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are not well understood. The study aimed to analyze the demographic, clinical, and RT-PCR profiles of COVID-19 patients. Methodology The study was a retrospective, observational study conducted at a COVID-19 care facility, and the study period was from April 2020 to March 2021. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were enrolled in the study. Patients with incomplete details or with only single PCR tests were excluded. Demographic and clinical details and the results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR collected at different time points were retrieved from the records. The statistical software Minitab version 17.1.0 package (Minitab, LLC, State College, PA, USA) and Rstudio version 1.3.959 (Rstudio, Boston, MA, USA) were used for the statistical analysis. Results The mean duration from symptom onset to the last positive RT-PCR was 14.2 ± 4.2 days. The proportions of positive RT-PCR tests were 100%, 40.6%, 7.5%, and 0% at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of illness. The median duration of days to first negative RT-PCR in the asymptomatic patients was 8 ± 4 days, and 88.2% of asymptomatic patients were RT-PCR-negative within 14 days. A total of 16 symptomatic patients had prolonged positive test results even after three weeks of symptom onset. Older patients were associated with prolonged RT-PCR positivity. Conclusion This study revealed that the average period of RT-PCR positivity from the onset of symptoms is >2 weeks in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Prolonged observation in the elderly population and repeat RT-PCR before discharge or discontinuation of quarantine is required.

Demographic profile and clinical characteristics of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy in a tertiary eye care center.

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the demographic profile and clinical characteristics in patients with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) reporting to a tertiary eye care center in India. It is a retrospective, single-center, observational study. Methods: The study included 280 patients (559 eyes) diagnosed with FECD presenting between January 2013 and December 2020. The data was collected from the electronic medical record system of the institute. Patient data included demographic features, clinical characteristics, investigations, and surgical interventions. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62 years. Late-onset FECD (95.7%) was more common than early-onset FECD (4.3%). Male: female ratio for late-onset FECD and early-onset FECD was 1:1.65 and 3:1, respectively. More than one-third of the patients had associated systemic history. Preexisting ocular diseases were seen in 5.9% of eyes. Blurring of vision was seen in 383 eyes (68.5%), 13 eyes (2.1%) had glare, and 163 eyes (29.2%) were asymptomatic. A total of 113 surgical interventions were done in 108 eyes (including repeat transplants). Only cataract surgery was done in 40 (7.2%) eyes, whereas penetrating keratoplasty, Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty without or with cataract surgery (sequential or triple procedure) were done in 12 (2.1%), 47 (8.4%), and 14 (2.5%) eyes, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with FECD present mostly during the sixth decade. Posterior lamellar keratoplasty is the most common transplant procedure being performed on FECD patients.

Demographic profile of HIV and helminth-coinfected adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Background: Helminth and HIV infections are endemic among poor populations. Studies investigating the socio-demographic and economic risk factors associated with dual HIV and helminth coinfection are scarce. Objectives: This study aimed to describe risk factors associated with HIV and helminth coinfections among peri-urban South African adults residing in poorly developed areas with high poverty levels, lack of sanitation and a clean water supply. Method: Adult participants (n = 414) were recruited from clinics in the south of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Participants' demographic, socio-economic, sanitation and household information, anthropometric measurements and HIV status were collected. Stool samples were donated for coproscopy to detect helminths using the Kato-Katz and Mini Parasep techniques. Blood was collected to confirm participants' HIV status and to determine Ascaris lumbricoides-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels to improve microscopy sensitivity. Results: Overall coinfection was 15%, and single helminth and HIV prevalence were 33% and 52%, respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was predominant (18%). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that coinfection was 11.9% and 19.8%, respectively, among the 18-34 years and 35-59 years age groups (p = 0.0006), 16.4% and 19.9%, respectively, for the no income and < R1000.00 groups (p = 0.0358) and 22.8% and 17.1%, respectively, for the pit or public toilets and toilets not connected to sewage groups (p = 0.0007). Conclusion: Findings suggest that the dual infection with HIV and helminth infections among adults residing in under-resourced areas with poor sanitary conditions is frequent. Older age, poor toilet use and low income are associated with coinfection. More attention is required to break the cycle of coinfections and possible disease interactions. Contribution: The study highlights the importance of determining and treating helminth infections among adult population during HIV and helminth coinfection and the influence of poor sanitation and socioeconomic status on disease transmission.

Relations between indoor rehabilitation and basic health services in a developing country.

Background: and Introduction: Physical rehabilitation is vital for patients to regain maximum function. Approximately 80% of people with a disability live in developing countries, where they face multiple challenges in rehabilitation. The goal of the study was to conduct an analysis of indoor rehabilitation programs based on the demographics and medical conditions of the admitted patients and to relate to the available basic health and rehabilitation facilities. Methods: This was a mixed method study conducted in an inpatient rehabilitation ward of a tertiary level academic university hospital in a developing country. All admitted patients who stayed for a period of minimum two weeks were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by means of a retrospective medical record review utilizing a standardized data extraction form. The study was further strengthened by an online literature search for the available documents for analysis, relation, and discussion. Results: Among the 1,309 admitted patients was male- female ratio was 10:7, with the majority (31.4%) cases falling between the ages of 46 and 60yrs. Rehabilitation outpatient department was the principal mode of admission (78%), and musculoskeletal and neurological conditions represented the maximum number (79.8%). Majority of patients (60.8%) were discharged home on completion of the rehabilitation program with a large number of patients who were absconded. Poor health budget allocation and lack of prioritization of the rehabilitation sector face multiple challenges, including the rehabilitation team functioning resources, space crisis for expansion which was further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The country's current health-related rehabilitation process and socio-demographic variables have a negative relationship. There was a large number of missing data in the medical records and many patients were lost prematurely from the indoor rehabilitation program. Musculoskeletal disorders were common, and the majority of patients were discharged home once the program was completed.

Forensic human identification: retrospective investigation of anthropological assessments in the Western Cape, South Africa.

The identification of unknown persons, particularly those who are decomposed or burnt, is a global challenge. Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) is a service provider that assists the South African state with the identification of human remains. However, empirical data pertaining to anthropologically analysed forensic cases in the Western Cape Province of South Africa are lacking. Therefore, anthropological data pertaining to the forensic cases submitted to FACT between 2006 and 2018 from Forensic Pathology Services were retrospectively reviewed (n = 172). This study also sought to assess demographic, traumatic and pathological factors that impacted successful identification. Most decedents were male (67%) and older than 35 years (54%). While ante-mortem trauma was observed in 41% of decedents, the lack of medical records on ante-mortem injuries hindered the use of this information for identification. Positive identifications were reached for 37% of decedents, and of these, anthropological estimations were correct in 98% of cases for sex, 84% of cases for age at death and 100% of cases for stature. Considering globally accepted accuracies of 70-80%, these estimations were considered highly accurate, suggesting the anthropological methods used are suited to the population. However, 63% of cases remained unidentified, and this study showed that skeletal completeness and pathological conditions were the main factors that hindered demographic estimations. Lastly, not all unidentified bodies in the province were referred to FACT; given the highly accurate estimations, these data advocate for the routine, if not mandatory, use of forensic anthropology services for skeletonised remains in South Africa, with the overall purpose of positively impacting human identification. To improve identification rates globally, these data highlight the value of retrospective and region-specific studies to identify strengths and weaknesses in the system.

Demographic Profile of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Anomaly: 15-year Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital and Teaching Institute in Wardha District of Maharashtra, India.

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is considered to be a congenital defect involving the orofacial region. This defect affects the esthetics, speech as well and psychological well-being of a person. The study was performed to analyze the prevalence of different types of cleft deformity reported in a tertiary care hospital which would aid in spreading awareness and thereby reducing the prevalence of this congenital defect. Aim: To study the demographic profile of patients with CLP in the Wardha region. Materials and methods: A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The patients with cleft deformity report under the "Smile Train Project" under the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics along with the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The data retrieved included the name of the patient, age, gender, residential address, contact details, and type of cleft. This data was segregated focusing on the gender and type of cleft as per the concern of this study. The datasets were then entered in the Microsoft Excel sheet and the statistical graphical representation was done using Microsoft PowerPoint. Results: In the present study we tried to find out the profile of CLP in the local population. We reported the high prevalence of this orofacial deformity among the population of this area. Conclusion: The data from the present study will help to provide a deeper insight into the burden of CLP anomaly. Based on the data obtained from the present study, future research can be conducted, and cleft-care improvement outcomes can be measured. Clinical significance: There are several etiological factors that are responsible for the development of CLP. Also, due to a lack of awareness regarding this, there is an increased prevalence of this defect. In India, due to a lack of knowledge regarding cleft anomaly, poverty, and social stigma, many patients do not report to the hospitals, and hence, there is a need to spread awareness which would encourage people to access the healthcare facilities at an early age and would reduce the complications in later stages. How to cite this article: Shivlani VI, Niranjane PP, Diagavane PS, et al. Demographic Profile of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Anomaly: 15-year Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital and Teaching Institute in Wardha District of Maharashtra, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S278-S282.

CLINICO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER IN A NORTH- CENTRAL NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies afflicting men worldwide. In the male population, it is estimated that one in seven will be diagnosed and one in 38 will die from prostate cancer. Majority of patients in Sub Saharan Africa present with advanced disease. Objective: To identify among prostate cancer patients, the age, clinical manifestation and stage at presentation as well as treatment received. Materials and Method: The study reviewed patients with prostate cancer at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 2014 and December 2017. The demographic and clinical characteristics as well as treatment given were analysed. Results: A total of 82 patients were studied. Age range was 41-100 years with a median of 67.9 years. The peak age group was 71-80 years, accounting for 41.4% of patients. Lower urinary tract symptom was present in all patients at the time of presentation. 59.8% of these patients presented with metastatic symptoms. Persistent low back pain was seen in 61.2 % of patients with metastatic symptoms, and digital rectal examination was suggestive of malignancy in 62.2% of patients. PSA was >20ng/ml in 73.3% of patients. Histology for all patients was adenocarcinoma, with a predominant Gleason score of 8 (29.3%). Bilateral total orchidectomy was offered in 59.8% of patients. Conclusion: Majority of patients with carcinoma of the prostate in Jos have features of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Orchidectomy is the most common treatment offered in our environment.

Profile of patients with oral cavity cancer seen at the Department of Ear Nose Throat – Head and Neck Surgery of the Bicol Medical Center

Objective@#To determine the profile of patients with oral cavity cancer seen at the Ear, Nose and Throat – Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) Department of the Bicol Medical Center from January 2018 to December 2020.@*Methods@#Design: Retrospective review of records Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: Medical records of patients with oral cavity lesions with malignant biopsy results seen at the Bicol Medical Center Department of ENT-HNS from January 2018 to December 2020. @*Results@#Records of 42 patients were included, 30 (71%) male; 12 (29%) female with the mean age of 62 ± 10.02 (range 34 to 80 years old). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathologic diagnosis (38/42; 91%), mostly affecting the anterior tongue (16/42; 38%) and buccal regions (14/42; 33%). Most tumors were in advanced stages: 25/42 (59%) in stage IVA; 7 (17%) in stage IVB. A total of 61% (17) of 28 oral cavity cancer patients with recorded risk factors practiced a combination of two or three high risk habits (betel nut chewing, tobacco smoking, alcoholic beverage intake) and a third practiced all three (10/28; 36%).@*Conclusion@#The profile of oral cavity cancer patients in our study is different from the reported profiles in Asia and European and US counterparts. Our profile patient is a married male farmer in the 7th decade of life with poor dental hygiene and advanced stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and buccal region, and combined habits of regular alcoholic beverage drinking, chronic tobacco smoking, and/or betel nut chewing, who lives in coastal or mountainous communities where access to health care may be limited.

Clinical and demographic profile of patients less than 40 years of age presenting to glaucoma services at a tertiary care eye hospital in South India.

Purpose: To study the clinical and demographic profile of patients less than 40 years of age presenting to glaucoma services including the reasons for referral. Methods: Patients in the age group of 5 to 39 years, visiting the glaucoma clinic, who were either suspected to have glaucoma or who had been newly/previously diagnosed with glaucoma were included in the study. After informed written consent, basic demographic details of the participants including age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and family history were obtained. A comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation was performed by glaucoma specialists. Results: The proportion of glaucoma in the study population (n = 384) was found to be 31.25%, and the incidence of glaucoma among new patients was found to be 11.9%. Among all glaucomas (n = 120), 44.2% of patients had secondary glaucomas, 27.5% had primary glaucomas, and 28.3% had congenital glaucomas. Also, 67.3% of all glaucoma patients were males. Newly diagnosed glaucoma patients presented with a mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of 32.9 mmHg and mild-moderate disc damage with a mean cup-disc ratio of 0.65. Nearly one-third of them had a presenting visual acuity worse than 5/60. The most common reason for referral was raised IOP. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of developing glaucoma were less in females (P = 0.04) and in patients with a higher standard of living index (P < 0.001). Conclusion: One-third of the patients had glaucoma and another one-third were suspects. Secondary glaucomas are more common than primary/congenital glaucomas. A comprehensive eye evaluation is a must, especially in those with predisposing factors.

A Demographic Profile of Disability Assessed Patients in Selected Tertiary Care Hospitals in Coastal Karnataka, India: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Disability assessment is a critical component in getting a comprehensive and amicable compensation in medico-legal cases. The data regarding acquired disability among the hospital-admitted patients are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic profile of disability-assessed patients in tertiary care hospitals in Coastal Karnataka, India between 2010 and 2019. The study also aims to evaluate the pitfalls in the present assessment method. Materials and Methods: A record-based retrospective study of all the cases assessed by the investigator in tertiary care hospitals in Coastal Karnataka between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. The disability was assessed using Govt. of India guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 2004 cases were analyzed; among them, 85% were males. The average percentage of disability was 26% (SD = 16.2). Mean age of the patients was 38 years, the median calculated for duration of hospital stay was 15 days, and 15% patients had multiple disabilities. The Brachial plexus injury resulted in the highest percentage of disability (76%) followed by spine (43%) and head injury (38%). Locomotor disability was found in 77% of cases, and lower limbs and right side were involved twice more than the upper limbs and left side. Conclusion: The study reveals the demographic profile of disability-assessed patients admitted in hospitals. This database will help to create awareness among health care professionals, Govt. bodies, and insurance companies about the magnitude of the problem. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-022-00706-4.

Projection of age of individuals living with HIV and time since ART initiation in 2030: estimates for France.

INTRODUCTION: Thanks to antiretroviral treatment (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) are living longer and ageing. However, ageing involves increased risks of co-morbidities, which also depend on when PLHIV individuals started ART. To tackle the HIV age-related upcoming challenges, knowledge of the current and future age structure of the HIV population is needed. Here, we forecast the demographic profile of the adult population living with diagnosed HIV (aPLdHIV) in France until 2030, accounting for the impact of the ART initiation period on mortality. METHODS: We used national data from the French Hospital Database on HIV (ANRS CO4-FHDH) and a sample of the National Health Data System to, first, characterize the aPLdHIV in 2018 and estimate their mortality rates according to age, sex and ART initiation period. Second, we used national HIV surveillance data to define three scenarios for the numbers of newly diagnosed HIV cases over 2019-2030: 30% decrease in HIV cases (S1), status quo situation (S2) and epidemic elimination (S3). We then combined these data using a matrix model, to project the age structure of aPLdHIV and time since ART initiation. RESULTS: In 2018, there was an estimated 161,125 aPLdHIV (33% women), of which 55% were aged 50 or older (50+), 22% aged 60+ and 8% aged 70+. In 2030, the aPLdHIV would grow to 195,246 for S1, 207,972 for S2 and 167,221 for S3. Whatever the scenario, in 2030, the estimated median time since ART initiation would increase and age distribution would shift towards older ages: with 65-72% aPLdHIV aged 50+, 42-48% 60+ and 17-19% 70+. This corresponds to ∼83,400 aPLdHIV (28% women) aged 60+, among which ∼69% started ART more than 20 years ago (i.e. before 2010) and ∼39% ≥30 years ago (i.e. before 2000), and to ∼33,100 aPLdHIV (27% women) aged 70+, among which ∼72% started ART ≥20 years ago and ∼43% ≥30 years ago. CONCLUSIONS: By 2030, in France, close to 20% of the aPLdHIV will be aged 70+, of which >40% would have started ART more than 30 years ago. These estimates are essential to adapt co-morbidities screening and anticipate resource provision in the aged care sector.

Demographic Profile of Benign and Malignant Oral Tumors in Central India: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND:  Oral malignancy is endemic in India due to high addiction to tobacco and betel nuts. In addition, benign oral tumors are also very common in India. Studies comparing the demographic profile of benign and malignant oral tumors are scarce in India. METHODS: In this retrospective study, biopsy records of patients with solid tumors who presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department from 2006 to 2018 were analyzed. The age and gender distribution of benign and malignant tumors were compared using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test, respectively. RESULTS:  Out of the 429 biopsies reported, non-neoplastic lesions, which included hyperplasias/dysplasia (107) and cystic lesions (113), were excluded, while neoplastic lesions (209) were included in our study. Out of these, 77 (37%) were malignant while 132 (63%) were benign tumors. Among the benign tumors, the most common were fibromas of various types (52/132, 39%) and odontogenic tumors (33/132, 25%); and among the malignant tumors squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (64/77, 83%). The mean age of patients with malignant tumors was significantly higher than benign tumors (51±14 versus 32±16 years; p<0.01). Alarmingly, 23% of malignant tumors were seen in patients ≤40 years of age. CONCLUSION: In central India, 37% of all neoplasms of the oral cavity are malignant 63% are benign. The average age of presentation of malignant oral tumors is 51 years, and almost one-fourth of all oral malignancies occur in patients below 40 years of age. The high frequency of younger patients developing oral cancer calls for urgent measures to spread awareness about oral cancer and its causative factors in India.