Correlation between general quality of life and oral health related quality in the mixed dentition

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the convergence between the domains of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant image (AUQUEI) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) in the mixed dentition. A sample of 676 children aged 8 to 10 years responded to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires using the AUQUEI and the CPQ8-10, respectively. Clinical (dental caries and malocclusion) and socioeconomic variables were assessed. The validity of convergence between scores (total and per domain) of the two instruments was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, considering that non-zero coefficient values represented a correlation between scores. The median was calculated to compare the scores of each questionnaire relative to the variables, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine statistically significant differences between the categories. A weak significant correlation (between 0.30 and 0.50) was observed between the domains and the total scores of instruments (p < 0.05), except for the leisure domain (p > 0.05). Participants with a lower family income had worse HRQoL (p < 0.05), and those with caries and malocclusion experience had worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10 instruments showed a weak correlation. Income and clinical variables had a negative impact on the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10, respectively.

Duración de la erupción dental prefuncional temporal y permanente en la población de Villa Clara / Duration of temporary and permanent prefunctional tooth eruption in Villa Clara population

Introducción: En Cuba ha sido poco estudiado el tiempo que demora el diente, desde que aflora a la cavidad bucal hasta que alcanza el plano oclusal. Objetivo: Determinar la duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional temporal y permanente en la población de Villa Clara. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo entre los años 2014 a 2018. Mediante un muestreo polietápico aleatorio simple se obtuvo una muestra de 2 584 niños y adolescentes (520 entre tres meses y cuatro años para la dentición temporal, y 2 064 entre cuatro y 14 años para la permanente), nacidos en la provincia, sin alteraciones del crecimiento general y craneofacial; se observó el brote; se calcularon por medio de la regresión de probit, las edades medias para los dientes brotados sin contacto oclusal y las que habían alcanzado la oclusión. La duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional fue calculada restando las medianas de ambas variables. Resultados: En los dientes temporales demoró más la erupción clínica prefuncional en los 1ros molares (superiores, 0,63; inferiores, 0,62); en los permanentes, en los incisivos centrales inferiores de hombres y mujeres, 1 y 1,07, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La erupción clínica prefuncional para los dientes permanentes osciló entre cuatro meses y un año; para los temporales, entre cuatro y siete meses con diferencias dentarias. Se elaboró una tabla de duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional de los dientes temporales y permanentes ajustada a la población villaclareña.

Introduction: the time the tooth takes to emerge from the oral cavity until it reaches the occlusal plane has been little studied in Cuba. Objective: to determine the duration of temporary and permanent prefunctional clinical tooth eruption in Villa Clara population. Methods: a descriptive and epidemiological study was carried out from 2014 to 2018. A sample of 2,584 children and adolescents who were born in the province without alterations in general and craniofacial growth was obtained through simple random multistage sampling (520 between three months and four years for temporary dentition and 2,064 between four and 14 years for permanent one); the outbreak was observed; the mean ages for teeth eruption without occlusal contact and those that had reached occlusion were calculated by means of probit regression. The duration of the prefunctional clinical eruption was calculated by subtracting the medians of both variables. Results: prefunctional clinical eruption took longer in temporary (upper, 0.63 and lower, 0.62) 1st molars, as well as in permanent lower central incisors of men and women (1 and 1.07, respectively). Conclusions: prefunctional clinical eruption for permanent teeth ranged from four months to one year and for temporary ones between four and seven months presenting dental differences. A table of the duration of the prefunctional clinical eruption of temporary and permanent teeth was created according to Villa Clara population.

Self-correction of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar and its predictive factors: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar is a local disturbance that affects the development of the occlusion. AIM: To evaluate the occurrence of self-correction of maxillary first permanent molar's ectopic eruption and its predictive factors. DESIGN: Five electronic databases and part of the gray literature were investigated. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE tool. RESULTS: Four studies were selected: Three had a low risk of bias, and one, moderate. Evidence with a moderate level of certainty was generated, indicating a possibility of 47%-78% of spontaneous correction up to 7 years of age. Supporting the prognosis, whether reversible or irreversible, there was a positive correlation between the severity of the atypical distal resorption of the second primary molar, a higher magnitude of impaction, a larger eruption angle, and a bilateral occurrence with the irreversibility of the cases. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous correction of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar is feasible and dependent on the severity of predictive factors. Early intervention is mandatory in irreversible cases.

Dentigerous cyst in a young child: a case report.

Dentigerous cysts are one of the most common developmental types of odontogenic cysts occurring in the oral cavity and often manifest as incidental findings on dental radiographs and/or as asymptomatic swellings. These cysts develop from remnants of reduced enamel epithelium around the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth, attached at the level of the cementoenamel junction. Most are considered developmental. However, in young clients they may be inflammatory in origin, the result of caries in the primary dentition. This short communication highlights a case of an asymptomatic dentigerous cyst identified in a 4-year-old child and subsequent enucleation under general anesthesia. A thorough clinical and radiographic assessment of the oral cavity in pediatric clients merits a review of dentigerous cysts by the dental hygienist.

Les kystes dentigères sont parmi les types développementaux de kystes odontogènes les plus courants qui apparaissent dans la cavité buccale et se manifestent souvent comme des découvertes imprévues sur les radiographies dentaires ou comme des enflures asymptomatiques. Ces kystes se développent à partir de restes d'épithélium d'émail réduit autour de la couronne d'une dent incluse ou enclavée, attachés au niveau de la jonction cémento-émail. La plupart des kystes sont considérés comme développementaux. Cependant, chez les jeunes clients, ils peuvent être d'origine inflammatoire, la conséquence de caries dans la dentition primaire. Cette brève communication souligne un cas de kyste dentigère asymptomatique décelé chez un enfant de 4 ans et une énucléation subséquente sous anesthésie générale. Une évaluation clinique et radiographique approfondie de la cavité buccale des clients pédiatriques justifie que l'hygiéniste dentaire se renseigne sur les kystes dentigères.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dental Trauma in Six-Year-Old School-Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of dental trauma in 6-year-old school children in the city of Palhoça, Brazil. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study. It involved a representative sample of school children born in 2009, residing in the municipality and regularly enrolled in public and private schools (n = 1,102). Clinical data were obtained through oral exams. To evaluate the incisal overjet, the distance in millimeters was measured horizontally from the labial surface of the lower central incisor to the labial surface of the upper incisor. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Multivariate analyses using Poisson Regression were performed to identify independent associations between the prevalence and the independent variables studied. Results: Prevalence of dental trauma was 4.2% (95% CI 3.0-5.4). Dental trauma was statistically associated with studying in a private school (PR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) (p=0.016) and with inadequate lip coverage (PR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.01-1.14) (p=0.016). Conclusion: The prevalence of 4.2% of dental trauma in six-year-old children, associated with inadequate and greater lip coverage in children from private schools should be taken into account, since most teeth at this stage are newly erupted.

Patterns of dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic oral cleft

Aim: To characterize the patterns of dental anomalies (DA) in the mixed and permanent dentitions of patients with nonsyndromic oral cleft (NSOC). Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, case-control study included 173 patients, 61 with mixed dentition (NSOC=29 and control=32) and 112 with permanent dentition (NSOC=57 and control=55). All subjected were submitted to clinical and radiographic examination. Dental anomalies of eruption, number, size and shape outside the cleft area were considered. Results: Although there was no statistical significance among patients with mixed dentition, dental agenesis was the anomaly more common in this group. In patients with permanent dentition, a higher prevalence of DA in NSOC group compared to control group was observed (p=0.02). Gyroversion and dental agenesis were the DA more frequently observed in the permanent dentition and the second premolar was the tooth more affected (p=0.003). Mandible and the left side were more involved, and dental agenesis was more frequently found in patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P). Conclusion: Our findings show a higher frequency of DA in NSOCs than in the control group in patients with permanent dentition, mainly due to a higher occurrence of agenesis of second premolars in patients with unilateral NSCL±P

MORDIDA CRUZADA ANTERIOR: POSSIBILIDADES DE TRATAMENTO NA DENTIÇÃO DECÍDUA E MISTA / ANTERIOR CROSSBITE: TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES IN DECIDUOUS AND MIXED DENTITION

A mordida cruzada anterior (MCA) refere-se a uma maloclusão cuja relação vestíbulo-lingual entre incisivos superiores e inferiores é anormal, com sobressaliência negativa. Esta alteração pode promover comprometimento da estética dento-facial e das funções do sistema estomatognático. A MCA pode ser classificada em 3 tipos: Dentária (MCAD), Funcional (MCAF) e esquelética (MCAE). O objetivo deste trabalho foi, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, apresentar as diferentes possibilidades de tratamento da MCA nas dentições decídua e mista. O tratamento da MCAD tem como objetivo a correção das inclinações anormais dos elementos envolvidos. O tratamento da MCAF pode ser realizado por movimentação dentária pelas pistas diretas preconizadas por Planas. A abordagem da MCAE tem como objetivo a correção esquelética e dependerá do grau de displasia óssea e da idade de início do tratamento. Concluiu- se que a MCA deve ser tratada tão logo seja diagnosticada, por meio das diferentes formas de tratamento apresentadas, de acordo com a etiologia e apresentação clínica. Todos os tratamentos propostos apresentam altos índices de sucesso se corretamente planejados e executados.

Anterior crossbite (MCA) refers to a malocclusion whose vestibular- lingual relationship between upper and lower incisors is abnormal, with a negative overjet. This alteration may promote impairment of dento-facial aesthetics and functions of the stomatognathic system. The MCA can be classified into 3 types: Dental (MCAD), Functional (MCAF) and skeletal (MCAE). The objective of this literature review was to present the different possibilities of MCA treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentitions. The treatment of MCAD aims at correcting the abnormal inclinations of the involved elements. The treatment of MCAF can be performed with composite as an inclined plane tracks recommended by Planas. The MCAE approach aims at skeletal correction and depends on the degree of bone dysplasia and the age at which treatment begins. According this study, we can conclude that the MCA should be treated as soon as diagnosed, by the different forms of treatment presented, according to etiology and clinical presentation. All the proposed treatments may have high success rates if correctly planned and executed.

Alternative of timely treatment of unilateral posterior cross-bite in primary and mixed early dentition. Case series / Tratamiento de la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral en dentición primaria y mixta temprana: Serie de casos

Introduction Unilateral posterior cross bites (UPCB) are one of the most frequent types of malocclusions found in both primary and early mixed dentitions. Due to its multifactorial origin, its treatment is focused not only on the correction of malocclusion, but also on long-term functional and occlusal stability that reduces alterations in the growth and development of the stomatognathic system at an early age. The objective of this series of cases is to present two alternatives of timely treatment for this malocclusion. Description of the cases The first case is an 8-year-old patient with left UPCB who receives controlled palatal expansion treatment with a Hyrax screw with acrylic splint, in which favorable results are obtained in a short time and with long-term stability. The second case, a 4-year-old patient with a right UPCB is presented with Planas' direct tracks, achieving a desired mandibular postural change. Discussion The treatment alternatives presented, several authors have reported a series of benefits obtained from the type of intervention that not only achieve the correction of malocclusion, but also achieve the improvement of structures that make up the craniofacial complex, within which highlights the desired long-term stability. These benefits are obtained through the selected treatment alternative, according to the diagnosis and clinical characteristics presented in each patient and justifies the decision to perform an early intervention especially in this type of malocclusion. Conclusion The early treatment of the unilateral posterior crossbite should be selected according to the type of dentition and the patient's need, which favors the proper growth and development of the stomatognathic system.

Introducción: Las mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterales (MCPU) constituyen uno de los tipos de maloclusiones más frecuentes encontrados tanto en dentición primaria como en dentición mixta temprana. Debido a su origen multifactorial su tratamiento se encuentra enfocado no solo en la corrección de la maloclusión, sino en obtener una estabilidad oclusal y funcional a largo plazo que disminuya las alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático en edades tempranas. El objetivo de esta serie de casos es presentar dos alternativas de tratamiento oportuno para esta maloclusión. Descripción de los casos: El primer caso es un paciente de 8 años de edad con MCPU izquierda quien recibe tratamiento de expansión palatina controlada con un tornillo tipo Hyrax con férula acrílica, en el cual se obtienen resultados favorables en corto tiempo y con estabilidad a largo plazo. El segundo caso es una paciente de 4 años de edad con MCPU derecha a la cual se le realizan Pistas Directas Planas logrando un cambio postural mandibular deseado. Discusión: En las alternativas de tratamiento presentadas, varios autores han reportado una serie de beneficios obtenidos a partir del tipo de intervención que no solo logran la corrección de la maloclusión, sino que a su vez alcanzan la mejoría de estructuras que componen el complejo craneofacial, dentro de los cuales se destaca la estabilidad a largo plazo deseada. Estos beneficios se obtienen a través de la alternativa de tratamiento seleccionada, según el diagnóstico y las características clínicas presentadas en cada paciente y justifica la decisión de realizar una intervención temprana especialmente en este tipo de maloclusión. Conclusión: El tratamiento temprano de la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral debe ser seleccionado según el tipo de dentición y necesidad del paciente, lo que favorece el adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema estomatognático.

A Newly Proposed Regression Equation for Mixed Dentition Analysis Using the Sum of the Width of Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors and Permanent Mandibular First Molars as a Predictor of Width of Unerupted Canine and Premolars

Objective: To determine linear regression equation to predict the mesiodistal widths of the permanent canines and premolars based on the sum of the widths of the two permanent mandibular first molars and two mandibular central incisors. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 800 (400 males and 400 females) permanent dentition casts of Chhattisgarh population. Mesiodistal crown widths of teeth were measured with digital caliper. The correlation and linear regression equations between the calculated four teeth (two permanent mandibular first molars and two central incisors) and the canine-premolars segments of both the arches were developed. Results: No significant differences were found in right and left side of the arch. Sexual dimorphism was significant in teeth sizes with higher mesiodistal dimension in males. A good correlation values varying from 0.51 to 0.67 was found. New standardized regression equations were formulated for the prediction of the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars for Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Calculating mesiodistal widths of unerupted canine and premolars with help of two permanent mandibular molars and two mandibular central incisors, which erupt early in the oral cavity, can be an alternative and best predictor for the mixed dentition analysis.

Comparison of Two Different Non-Radiographic Mixed Dentition Analysis

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of two different non-radiographic mixed dentition analysis in school going children of Aligarh district, India. Material and Methods: Mesiodistal dimension was measured on the dental casts of 120 school going children with electronic digital vernier caliper. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: presence of all fully erupted permanent teeth; no congenital craniofacial anomalies; no previous history of orthodontic treatment; and presence of intact dentition with no proximal caries, restoration, or age related attrition. Predicted values of canines and premolars were obtained from Moyer's at 75th percentile and Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Paired observations were compared by t­test. The level of significance was at p<0.001. Results: The mean difference between the predicted and the actual value of canines and premolars using Moyer's probability table at 75th percentile and Tanaka and Johnston regression equation were statistically significant. No significant differences were found between Moyer's analysis 75th percentile and Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis in both arch and sexes. Conclusion: These two non-radiographic mixed dentition analysis overestimated the mesiodistal width of canines and premolars.

A New Regression Equation Proposed For Mixed Dentition Analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India Population

Objective: To develop and propose a new regression for mixed dentition analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India population. Material and Methods: The permanent dentition dental casts of 800 (400 males and 400 females) Chhattisgarh subjects were selected. Digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal crown widths of teeth. The linear regression equations and correlation between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments of maxillary and mandibular arches were developed (modified Tanaka-Johnston equation) and proposed for Chhattisgarh population. Results: New standardized regression equations were formulated to predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars especially for Chhattisgarh, Central India population. The equation in males for maxillary arch was Y = 11.90 + 0.39 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y = 12.23 + 0.36 (X). Similarly, the equation in females for maxillary arch was Y = 14.40 + 0.26 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y= 10.26 + 0.43 (X). A significant sexual dimorphism in teeth sizes was seen with higher mesio distal dimension in males in Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Sum of the mesiodistal diameter of permanent mandibular incisors can be used reliably to predict/estimate the sum of mesiodistal diameters of unerupted canines and premolars with the new regression equations.

Image quality assessment of pre-processed and post-processed digital panoramic radiographs in paediatric patients with mixed dentition.

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of an image processing technique on diagnostic accuracy of digital panoramic radiographs for the assessment of anatomical structures in paediatric patients with mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 50 digital panoramic radiographs of children aged from 6 to 12 years, which were later on processed using a dedicated image processing method. A modified clinical image quality evaluation chart was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anatomical structures in maxillary and mandibular anterior and maxillary premolar region of processed images. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post-processed evaluation of anatomical structures (P<0.05) in the maxillary and mandibular anterior region. The anterior region was found to be more accurate in post-processed images. No significant difference was observed in the maxillary premolar region (P>0.05). The Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of both pre and post processed images were excellent (>0.82) for anterior region and good (>0.63) for premolar region. CONCLUSION: The application of image processing technique in digital panoramic radiography can be considered a reliable method for improving the quality of anatomical structures in paediatric patients with mixed dentition.

Image quality assessment of pre-processed and post-processed digital panoramic radiographs in paediatric patients with mixed dentition

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of an image processing technique on diagnostic accuracy of digital panoramic radiographs for the assessment of anatomical structures in paediatric patients with mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 50 digital panoramic radiographs of children aged from 6 to 12 years, which were later on processed using a dedicated image processing method. A modified clinical image quality evaluation chart was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anatomical structures in maxillary and mandibular anterior and maxillary premolar region of processed images. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post-processed evaluation of anatomical structures (P 0.05). The Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of both pre and post processed images were excellent (>0.82) for anterior region and good (>0.63) for premolar region. CONCLUSION: The application of image processing technique in digital panoramic radiography can be considered a reliable method for improving the quality of anatomical structures in paediatric patients with mixed dentition.

Prevalence and etiology of dental trauma in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years

Aim: To investigate the prevalence and etiological factors of dental trauma in school-age children aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A study was developed in children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12 of both genders enrolled in 3 municipal public schools. An oral examination of the permanent or deciduous incisors was performed, if they were still present in the oral cavity, to evaluate the presence of dental trauma, need for treatment and sequels, and the method of examination and classification of dental trauma of O'Brien. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was 4.03% (n=29). The most verified traumas were enamel crack / enamel fracture and enamel / dentin fracture without pulp exposure. It was observed that the most affected teeth were the permanent upper central incisors and the age at which trauma was most observed was 11 years, the main etiological factor was fall from a height, in 65.3% of schoolchildren (n=19). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma was 4.03%, with no statistically significant difference between genders. The permanent right upper central incisor was the most affected, occurring predominantly at home and at school. The dissemination of information about dental trauma and emergency protocols to parents and teachers need to be encouraged

Mordida cruzada posterior em dentição mista / Posterior cross bite in mixed dentition

A mordida cruzada posterior é definida como a relação anormal vestíbulo-lingual de um ou mais dentes da maxila, com um ou mais dentes da mandíbula, quando os arcos dentários estão em relação cêntrica, podendo ser uni ou bilateral. Dentre as más oclusões de maior frequência destacam-se as mordidas cruzadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo, com base numa revisão da literatura, elucidar conceitos sobre: a mordida cruzada posterior; prevalência, etiologia; classificação; diagnóstico e tratamento; e aparelhos utilizados para a correção. O presente estudo mostrou que a maioria dos autores afirma que o aparelho Quadrihélice é muito eficaz e possui baixo custo, principalmente quando usado precocemente. Já outros autores consideram que, na mordida cruzada posterior tratada com expansão rápida da maxila, o disjuntor Haas e o Hyrax foram considerados como melhor tratamento devido à boa estabilidade.

Posterior cross bite is defined as the abnormal relationship lingual-vestibule of one or more teeth of the maxilla, with one or more teeth of the mandible when the dental arches are in centric relation, and it may be unilateral or bilateral. Among the most malocclusions often there is the cross bite. The aim of this study, based on a literature review, is to clarify concepts about: posterior cross bite; prevalence, etiology; classification; diagnosis and treatment; and apparatus for correction. The present study showed that the majority of authors states that the Quad-helix appliance is very effective because it is more affordable, especially if the malocclusion is treated early. Already, other authors consider that the posterior cross bite treated with rapid maxillary expansion with Haas and Hyrax were considered as best treatment because of good stability.

Evaluation of Three Different Regression Equations Based Mixed Dentition Analysis in Children of Moradabad City, India

Objective: To assess the accuracy and applicability of three regression equations based mixed dentition analysis in children of Moradabad city, India. Material and Methods: Actual mesiodistal width of maxillary and madibular incisors, canines and premolars of 100 children (50 male and 50 female) aged 11-14 years were measured on dental cast with electronic digital vernier caliper. The analysis of Tanaka- Johnston, Ling-Wong and Jaroontham-Godfrey regression equations were tested on the dental casts. All analyses were performed on SPSS software. Data were summarized as Mean ± standard deviation (SD) paired observations were compared by paired t-test (two-tailed test) while independent groups were compared by independent Student's t-test. The level of significance was at P < 0.001. Results: The analysis of Tanaka-Johnston, Ling-Wong, Jaroontham-Godfrey regression equations tended to overestimate the mesiodistal width of the canines and premolars with the actual measured values. Conclusion: All the three regression equations based mixed dentition overestimated the mesiodistal width of canines and premolars in Moradabad population.

Força de mordida em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior / Bite force in children with posterior crossbite

RESUMO Introdução A força de mordida é influenciada pela condição oclusal. Em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior, os resultados são controversos. Objetivo Investigar a influência da mordida cruzada posterior na força isométrica máxima de mordida, em crianças na fase de dentição mista. Métodos Participaram deste estudo transversal 32 crianças, sendo 21 do grupo mordida cruzada posterior (10 meninas e 11 meninos, média de idade 9,2 anos) e 11 do grupo controle, sem alterações oclusais (seis meninas, cinco meninos, média de idade 9,3 anos). As crianças foram avaliadas por um ortodontista, para diagnóstico oclusal e caracterização dos grupos, pela equipe de otorrinolaringologia, para avaliação do quadro respiratório, e por uma fonoaudióloga. O dinamômetro foi posicionado na região dos molares e as crianças foram instruídas a mordê-lo o mais forte possível, por três vezes, alternadamente. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e dependentes. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados Na comparação entre os grupos mordida cruzada e controle não foi encontrada diferença significativa e no grupo mordida cruzada, não houve diferença entre o lado cruzado e o não cruzado. Conclusão A presença de mordida cruzada posterior não esteve relacionada à força de mordida em crianças na fase de dentição mista.

ABSTRACT Introduction The bite force is influenced by the occlusal condition. In children with posterior crossbite the results are controversial. Purpose To investigate the influence of posterior crossbite in maximal isometric bite force (MIBF) in children with mixed dentition. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 32 children participated, 21 of them belonging to the posterior cross-bite group (10 girls and 11 boys, mean age 9.2 years) and 11 to the control group (6 girls, 5 boys, mean age 9.3 years). The children were evaluated by an orthodontist for occlusal diagnosis and characterization of the groups, by otorhinolaryngologists for evaluation of respiratory symptoms and by a speech therapist to identify the clinical and MIBF myofunctional orofacial condition. The dynamometer was placed in the molar region and the children were instructed to bite it as hard as possible three times alternately. For data analysis, Student’s t-test for independent samples was used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results While comparing the groups crossbite vs. control, there was no significantly difference; also, among only children belonging to the crossbite group, there was no difference between the sides (crossed bite vs. Noncrossed one). Conclusion The presence of posterior crossbite did not influence the maximal isometric bite force in children with mixed dentition.

Malocclusion in schoolhildren aged 7-12 years old in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Má Oclusão em escolares de 7 a 12 anos de idade em Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of malocclusion and the inter- and intra-arch relations in schoolchildren of 7-12 years of Vazante, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods In the inter-arch relations the sagittal, vertical and transverse aspects were evaluated, and in the intra-arch relations, diastemas, crowding and tooth losses were determined in 670 children. The maloclussion was classified as Class I , II and III according to Angle, based on the position of the first molars. For this study, the sample was divided into two age groups: children from 7 to 9 years and children from 10 to 12 years old. Results A similar percentage of individuals with Class I and II was found in the two age groups evaluated. A higher percentage of Class III individuals was observed in the age group from 10 to 12 years. The presence of cross bite, anterior open bite, diastemas, crowding and early primary tooth loss was prevalent in the age groups of 7 and 9 years. Deep bite, posterior cross bite and early loss of permanent teeth prevailed in the age from 10 to 12 years. Conclusion It could be concluded that there was a high rate of malocclusion in children and the sagittal relation was maintained in the two periods evaluated. A larger number of manifestations of anterior open bite were observed in the age group of 7 to 9 years, and overbite in the Group from 10 to 12 years. In the transverse relation there was an increase in cross bite from the first to second transitory period.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de má oclusão e as relações inter e intra-arco em escolares de 7 a 12 anos de Vazante, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos Nas relações inter-arco os aspectos no plano sagital, verticais e transversais foram avaliados e, no intra-arco, as relações de diastemas, apinhamento e perdas dentárias foram determinadas em 670 escolares. A má oclusão foi classificada em classe I, II e III de acordo com Angle, baseada na posição dos primeiros molares. Para este estudo, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos etários: crianças 7-9 anos e crianças dos 10 aos 12 anos de idade. Resultados Uma percentagem semelhante de indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe I e II foi encontrado nos dois grupos etários avaliados. A maior percentagem de indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe III foi observada na faixa etária dos 10 aos 12 anos. A presença de mordida cruzada, mordida aberta anterior, diastemas, apinhamento e perda dentária precoce primária foi prevalente nas faixas etárias de 7 e 9 anos. Sobremordida profunda, mordida cruzada posterior e perda precoce dos dentes permanentes prevaleceram na faixa etária de 10-12 anos. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que houve uma alta taxa de má oclusão em crianças e a relação sagital foi mantido nos dois períodos avaliados. Foi observado um maior número de mordida aberta anterior na faixa etária de 7 a 9 anos, e sobremordida profunda no grupo dos 10 aos 12 anos. Na relação transversal, houve um aumento da mordida cruzada do primeiro para o segundo período de transição.

Prediction of Mesiodistal Width of Unerupted Lateral Incisors, Canines and Premolars in Orthodontic Patients in Early Mixed Dentition Period.

OBJECTIVES: Proper diagnosis and prevention of malocclusion are superior to treatment. Discrepancy between arch length and tooth size in mixed dentition period is a condition requiring timely diagnosis. Estimating the mesiodistal width of unerupted teeth according to the size of erupted ones can lead to earlier diagnosis of malocclusion. On the other hand, the best timing for serial extractions is before the eruption of lateral incisors. The aim of this study was to present prediction formulas for mesiodistal width of unerupted lateral incisors, canines and premolars in an Iranian population based on the width of erupted permanent mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 dental models (60 males, 60 females) of orthodontic patients between 11-25 years were evaluated in Yazd city. The measurements were made by a digital caliper on the widest mesiodistal width of teeth at the interproximal contacts. Data were analyzed to calculate the prediction equation. RESULTS: The prediction equation in the upper jaw was y=0.57x+10.82 for males, y=0.7x+6.37 for females and y=0.64x+8.46 for both sexes. The equation for the lower jaw was y=0.76x+2.86 for males, y=0.74x+3.53 for females and y=0.77x+2.7 for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction equations suggested in this study can predict the mesiodistal width of unerupted lateral incisors, canines and premolars in an Iranian population in early mixed dentition period without taking radiographs.

Breastfeeding, bottle feeding and risk of malocclusion in mixed and permanent dentitions: a systematic review

Abstract The aim of the present study was to search for scientific evidence concerning the association between breastfeeding and bottle feeding and risk of malocclusion in mixed and permanent dentitions. An electronic search was performed in eight databases up to February 2015. Additionally, a gray literature search and hand searches of the reference lists of the selected studies were also carried out. There were no restrictions on language or on year of publication. The methodology of the included articles was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Out of the 817 identified citations, six studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. One study showed that children with mixed and permanent dentitions breastfed for more than 6 months presented greater mean protrusion of mandibular incisors and inclination of maxillary incisors compared with those breastfed for less than 6 months or those who were bottle-fed (p < 0.05). One study revealed that breastfeeding and bruxism were associated with Class II [OR = 3.14 (1.28 - 7.66)] and Class III [OR = 2.78 (1.21 - 6.36)] malocclusion in children with permanent dentition, while another study showed that an increase in breastfeeding duration was associated with a lower risk of malocclusion in children with both mixed and permanent dentitions (p < 0.001). Three studies did not report any significant association. Risk of bias was high in most selected articles. These findings do not support an association between breastfeeding and bottle feeding and the occurrence of malocclusion in mixed and permanent dentitions.