Factores asociados a depresión posparto / Associated factors for postpartum depression

RESUMEN Fundamento: la depresión posparto afecta a la mujer entre los primeros tres y seis días luego del parto. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia y los factores asociados a la aparición de depresión posparto en puérperas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal en un universo de 139 puérperas fisiológicas residentes en Bartolomé Masó de la provincia Granma, en el último semestre del año 2018. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada que incluía como instrumento de pesquiza la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo, se consideró que 10 puntos o más suponen la presencia de depresión. Resultados: la depresión posparto tuvo una incidencia alta en la población al asociarse estadísticamente a la edad menor de 20 años, el estado civil soltera, la tenencia de dos hijos, el antecedente de depresión previo al embarazo y el antecedente de violencia. La presencia de la enfermedad tuvo un riesgo de ideación suicida muy elevado. Conclusiones: la depresión posparto es una enfermedad prevenible con una morbilidad oculta importante, lo que la convierte en un problema de salud demandante de mayor atención por parte de las autoridades sanitarias.

ABSTRACT Background: the postpartum depression affects the woman among the 3 to first 6 days after labor. Objective: to establish the incidence and associated factors to the appearance of postpartum depression in postpartum mothers. Methods: a quantitative study of traverse court in a universe of 139 physiologic postpartum mothers resident in Bartolomé Masó town, Granma, in the last semester of the year 2018. It was carried out a structured interview that included inquiry instrument the Edinburgh Scale for Postpartum Depression being considered that 10 points or more supposes the depression presence. Results: the postpartum depression had a high incidence in the population associating statistically to the age smaller than 20 years, the single civil state, the holding of 2 children, the depression antecedents foresaw to the pregnancy and the antecedent of violence. The presence of the decease had a risk of very high suicidal ideation. Conclusions: the postpartum depression is a preventable decease with an important hidden morbidity, what transforms it into a problem of health plaintiff of more attention on the part of the sanitary authorities.

Institutional violence and quality of service in obstetrics are associated with postpartum depression

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between institutional violence in obstetrics and postpartum depression (PP depression) and the potential effect of race, age, and educational level in this outcome. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study about the health care conditions for the maternal and child population of the Federal District, Brazil, carried out in 2011. The study has used a probabilistic sample of 432 women, whose children were aged up to three months, stratified by clusters. Indicators of institutional violence and demographic characteristics have been used in a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of occurrence of postpartum depression. RESULTS The model has identified a high prevalence of postpartum depression, being it higher among non-white women and adolescent females, besides having a strong positive association between the several indicators of obstetric violence and postpartum depression. Positive interactions on a multiplicative scale have also been observed between: violence by negligence by health care professionals and race and age; physical violence from health care professionals and age; and, verbal violence from health care professionals and race. CONCLUSIONS The indicators adopted to reflect institutional violence in obstetric care are positively associated with postpartum depression, which calls for a reflection on the need to make the health care protocols adequate to the precepts of the Brazilian humanization of childbirth care policies and changes in the obstetric care model.

Postpartum depression among women with unintended pregnancy / Depressão pós-parto entre mulheres com gravidez não pretendida

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between unintended pregnancy and postpartum depression.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study conducted with 1,121 pregnant aged 18 to 49 years, who attended the prenatal program devised by the Brazilian Family Health Strategy, Recife, PE, Northeastern Brazil, between July 2005 and December 2006. We interviewed 1,121 women during pregnancy and 1,057 after childbirth. Unintended pregnancy was evaluated during the first interview and postpartum depression symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale. The crude and adjusted odds ratios for the studied association were estimated using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The frequency for unintended pregnancy was 60.2%; 25.9% presented postpartum depression symptoms. Those who had unintended pregnancies had a higher likelihood of presenting this symptoms, even after adjusting for confounding variables (OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.09;2.01). When the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) variable was included, the association decreased, however, remained statistically significant (OR = 1.42; 95%CI 1.03;1.97).CONCLUSIONS Unintended pregnancy showed association with subsequent postpartum depressive symptoms. This suggests that high values in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale may result from unintended pregnancy.

OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre gravidez não pretendida e depressão pós-parto.MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com 1.121 mulheres grávidas de 18 a 49 anos, acompanhadas no pré-natal pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família, Recife, PE, entre julho de 2005 e dezembro de 2006. Durante a gravidez e após o parto foram entrevistadas, respectivamente, 1.121 e 1.057 mulheres. A gravidez não pretendida foi avaliada durante a primeira entrevista e os sintomas depressivos após o parto foram avaliados utilizando-se a Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale. Foram estimados os odds ratios simples e ajustados para a associação estudada, utilizando-se análise de regressão logística.RESULTADOS A frequência de gravidez não pretendida foi de 60,2%; 25,9% apresentaram sintomas depressivos após o parto. Aquelas com gravidez não pretendida tiveram maior chance de apresentar esse desfecho, mesmo após ajuste para variáveis de confundimento (OR = 1,48; IC95% 1,09;2,01). Ao se incluir a variável Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), a associação diminuiu, mas manteve-se estatisticamente significativa (OR = 1,42; IC95% 1,03;1,97).CONCLUSÕES Gravidez não pretendida mostrou-se associada a sintomas depressivos após o parto. Isso sugere que valores elevados na Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale podem resultar de gravidez não pretendida.