Negative attention bias and attentional control as mechanisms in the association between insomnia and depression in young people.

Evidence supports a causal role of insomnia in the development and maintenance of depression, yet mechanisms underlying this association in young people are not well established. Attention biases have been implicated separately in the sleep and depression fields and represents an important candidate mechanism. Poor sleep may lead to a negative attention bias (characteristic of depression) by impacting attentional control. This study assessed the hypothesis that attentional control and negative attention bias would sequentially mediate the relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in an unselected sample of young people (17-24 years). Concerns have been raised regarding the psychometric properties of tasks used to measure attention bias, and a Dual-Probe Task is emerging as a more reliable measure. Participants (N = 275, Male = 59, Mage = 19.40) completed the Dual-Probe Task, a behavioural measure of attentional control, and self-report measures of insomnia and depression. Participants completed a one-week sleep diary. Results were consistent with negative attention bias, but not attentional control, as a mechanism which partially accounts for the relationship between sleep (i.e., insomnia severity, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep latency) and depression. This study highlights sleep and negative attention bias as potentially modifiable risk factors to reduce depressive symptoms in young people.

More than a mask: Possible relationships between lifting of COVID-19 mask requirements and depression symptoms experienced by US adults with disabilities.

BACKGROUND: Lifting of masking restrictions at key periods during the COVID-19 pandemic may have disproportionately negatively impacted the mental health of individuals with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the prevalence of depression-related symptoms in individuals with and without disabilities preceding and following the US rollback of COVID-19 masking mandates. METHODS: Pandemic-era data on reported symptoms of depression from the federal Household Pulse Survey from dates surrounding two major announcements on masking relaxations were analyzed. Possible interactions between disability status and type, age grouping, educational attainment, race/Hispanic ethnicity, and sex variables were considered. RESULTS: Following relaxation of major masking restrictions, people with disabilities experienced elevation in depression symptom presence while people without disabilities experienced lessening in these symptoms. Differences between people with and without disabilities were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Direct causation between masking mandate relaxations and changes in symptoms of depression cannot be drawn from the available data. However, when considered with greater vulnerabilities to COVID-19 experienced by many individuals with disabilities and dismissive rhetoric surrounding masking decisions, negative feelings arising from mandate changes may have led to elevations in symptoms of depression in people with disabilities in sharp contrast to people without disabilities who may have felt relief. Findings indicate future public health decision making, even in times of crisis, should be undertaken with as much caution as possible regarding and in partnership with populations already at risk.

Brain Activation During Processing of Depression Emotion in College Students With Premenstrual Syndrome in China: Preliminary Findings.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the neural substrates of processing depression emotion in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and healthy subjects of college students using blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). Methods: During BOLD-fMRI scanning, 13 PMS patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) performed a picture visual stimulation task during luteal and follicular phases, in which participants and HC were asked to see pictures containing depression and non-depression emotions. Simultaneously, self-rating depression scales (SDS) were employed to evaluate the emotional status of participants. Results: Compared to HC, right inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, cerebelum_crus1_R, cerebelum_6_R, culmen, the cerebellum anterior lobe, tuber, and cerebellar tonsil of PMS patients showed enhanced activation. In contrast, sub-lobar, sub-gyral, extra-nuclear, right orbit part of superior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right orbit part of inferior frontal gyrus, limbic lobe, right insula, bilateral anterior and adjacent cingulate gyrus, bilateral caudate, caudate head, bilateral putamen, and left globus pallidus exhibited decreased activation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that abnormal functional regulation of brain regions such as occipital lobe and cerebellum leads to abnormal changes in emotional regulation, cognitive ability, and attention distribution in PMS patients, implying significant central pathogenesis.

Examining cognitive-behavioral therapy change mechanisms for decreasing depression, weight, and insulin resistance in adolescent girls at risk for type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Depression in adolescence is linked to risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to a control program to ameliorate insulin resistance via reducing depression symptoms, we examine which CBT change mechanisms (e.g., behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring) contributed to decreased depression and subsequent improvements in body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and insulin resistance. METHODS: Girls 12-17y with overweight/obesity and family history of T2D were randomized to six-week group CBT (n = 61) or health education (HealthEd; n = 58). At baseline and post-treatment, adolescents completed questionnaires assessing activities, thoughts, and depression symptoms. At baseline, post-treatment, and one-year, BMI was calculated and insulin outcomes were derived from two-hour oral glucose tolerance testing. At baseline and one-year, percent body fat was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Indirect effects of CBT components were tested on one-year changes in BMI, percent body fat, and insulin indices through decreases in depression symptoms during treatment. Intervention was tested as a moderator. RESULTS: In CBT, but not HealthEd, there was an indirect effect of increased physical activity during treatment on decreased one-year BMI via reductions in depression symptoms during treatment. Also, there were conditional indirect effects in CBT of increased pleasantness of physical and social activity during treatment on decreased one-year BMI via decreased depression symptoms during treatment. CONCLUSION: Behavioral activation may be a useful intervention to decrease depression and reduce excess weight gain in the targeted prevention of T2D in at-risk adolescent girls. NCT01425905, clinicaltrials.gov.

Coping Strategies and Help Seeking Behavior among Women with Symptoms Of Postpartum Depression in Selangor

@#Introduction: Most women with postpartum depression (PPD) remain undiagnosed and untreated, despite the adverse effects known to be felt by women and children. The aim of this study was to examine the coping strategies and help seeking behavior used by women having symptoms of postpartum depression. Methods: Using a mixed-method study design, the researcher used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Brief COPE and General Help Seeking Behavior (GHSQ) inventories for the quantitative approach, while the qualitative approach was conducted by a semi-structured interview based on the topics listed. A total of 30 respondents participated in the quantitative study while seven respondents were chosen for the qualitative study. Results: Data analyses identified coping strategies with domains of emotion-focused and religion-focused subscales as the main coping styles, while help seeking behavior identified that families were the main groups of people that were sought by them. Conclusion: Women with symptoms of postpartum depression tended to cope with their mental health issues by strengthening their spiritual bonds and with help and support from their family members.

Depressão em Pais de Crianças com Deficiência Física: uma Revisão da Literatura de 2013 a 2018 / Depression in Parents of Children with Physical Disabilities: A Literature Review from 2013 to 2018 / Depresión en Padres de Niños con Discapacidad Física: Una Revisión de la Literatura de 2013 a 2018

Os primeiros anos do bebê são períodos sensíveis em que a disponibilidade dos pais é necessária para o desenvolvimento infantil. Estudos indicam que a detecção da deficiência física na criança aumenta o risco de depressão parental. Evidenciar suas causas e consequências para os pais e para a qualidade do vínculo que estabelecem com seus filhos é fundamental para fornecer os cuidados necessários a essas famílias. Este artigo revisa e discute a literatura acerca da depressão em pais de crianças com deficiência física nos últimos cinco anos. Os termos "disability", "depression", "parents" e "physical disability" foram utilizados nas bases PsycNET, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS e PEP-Web. Foram selecionadas 20 publicações. Os resultados revelaram que pesquisas quantitativas e transversais predominam, assim como o estudo das variações em relação à gravidade da deficiência. Quando detectada, a depressão foi frequentemente moderada, com aspectos singulares como culpa e remorso mediando sua probabilidade de ocorrência. Poucos estudos exploram como o sofrimento dos pais pode incidir sobre o aumento do grau de incapacitação motora da deficiência. Concluiu-se que o tempo transcorrido após o diagnóstico parece um fator preponderante, mas que agrega outros como reações ao diagnóstico e modos de elaboração. Pesquisas longitudinais futuras são necessárias para essa verificação. (AU)

Baby's early years are sensitive periods when parent's availability is necessary for the children development. Studies indicate that the physical disability detection in a child increases the parent risk for depression. Thus, highlighting its causes and consequences for the parents and for the quality of the bond with their children is fundamental to provide the necessary care for these families. This research reviews and discusses the literature on depression in parents of children with physical disabilities in the last five years. The terms "disability", "depression", "parents" and "physical disability" were used at the PsycNET, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS and PEP-Web. 20 publications were selected. The results revealed that quantitative and cross-sectional studies predominate, as well as the study of variations due to the severity of the disability. When the depression is detected, it is predominantly scored as moderate, and singular aspects, as guilt and remorse, controlling its probability of occurrence. Few studies have shown how parental distress can increase the degree of motor disability. In conclusion, the time elapsed after the disability disclosure seems a remarkable factor, to which other variables are associated, such as the reactions to the diagnosis, and elaboration modes. Further longitudinal research is needed to support it. (AU)

Los primeros años del bebé son períodos sensibles en que la disponibilidad de los padres es necesaria para el desarrollo infantil. Los estudios indican que la detección de discapacidad física en un niño aumenta el riesgo de depresión parental. Resaltar sus causas y consecuencias para los padres y para el vínculo con sus hijos es fundamental para suministrar los cuidados necesarios. Este artículo revisa y discute la literatura sobre la depresión en padres de niños con discapacidades físicas en los últimos cinco años. Los términos "discapacidad", "depresión", "padres" y "discapacidad física" se utilizaron en PsycNET, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS y PEP-Web. Se seleccionaron 20 publicaciones. Los resultados revelaron que predominan los estudios cuantitativos y transversales, así como el estudio de las variaciones debidas a la gravedad de la discapacidad. Cuando detectada, la depresión se clasificó predominantemente como moderada, con aspectos singulares, como culpa y remordimiento, controlando su ocurrencia. Pocos estudios han demostrado cómo el sufrimiento de los padres puede aumentar la incapacidad motora. En conclusión, el tiempo transcurrido después de lo descubrimiento de la discapacidad parece ser un factor notable, pero puede reunir otros, como las reacciones al diagnóstico y los tipos de elaboración. Se necesita más investigación longitudinal para apoyarlo. (AU)

Validity of the ImPACT Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) Affective Symptom Cluster as a Screener for Depression in Collegiate Athletes.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between depression and sports-related concussion is complex and has implications both pre- and post-injury. The current study established the construct validity, convergent and discriminant, of the affective symptom cluster of The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS) as a screening tool for depression. METHOD: Nine hundred and thirty (M = 695, F = 235) college athletes were assessed at baseline using the ImPACT PCSS and Beck-Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS). Previous factor analysis identified four symptom clusters on the PCSS: affective, physical, cognitive, and sleep. Clinically significant depression was operationalized as a BDI-FS score ≥4. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC) were used to determine the ideal cutoff, Chi-square tests of independence were calculated to establish convergent validity, and Fisher's r-to-z comparisons were used to establish discriminant validity of the affective symptom cluster. RESULTS: The 90th percentile cutoff yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity on the affective symptom cluster for males (4) and females (6). The correlation between BDI-FS and the 90th percentile cutoff was statistically significantly higher in females (φ = .96) than males (φ = .83), Z = 9.49, p < .001. When correlating the BDI-FS with each PCSS symptom cluster, the correlation with the affective symptom cluster was stronger than its correlation with cognitive, sleep, and physical clusters across gender. DISCUSSION: By utilizing a measure of depression within an existing and commonly used assessment, clinicians can easily screen for depression and identify athletes at risk for complicated recovery even in the absence of a supplemental depression assessment.

Effect of Radix Bupleuri Extract on 5-HT3R Pathway in Primarily Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Radix Bupleuri extract (RBE) on 5-HT3R channel currents of primarily cultured hippocampal neurons in depression emotion rats.Depression emotion model ratswere duplicated.RBE was used for drug intervention.And then,the rats were evaluated by the open-field test (OFT) and the sucrose preference test.Serum of rats in each group was collected and then added into the primary cultured hippocampal neurons for 24 h.The 5-HT3R channel currents were recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp.The results showed that compared with the normal group,the total score of OFT in the model group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); the sucrose preference ratio decreased obviously (P < 0.01); and the current density value of primary cultured hippocampal neurons in serum of the model group was significantly higher (P <0.01).Compared with the model group,the total scores of OFT in the RBE group and fluoxetine group increased significantly (P < 0.05,P < 0.01); the sucrose preference ratio also increased obviously (P < 0.05,P < 0.05); and current density value of the primary cultured hippocampal neurons in serum of the RBE group and fluoxetine group decreased significantly (P < 0.01,P < 0.01).It was concluded that RBE can effectively correct the abnormal 5-HT3R channel currents of rats with depression emotion,which may be one of the central mechanisms in the treatment of depression emotion.

Health Risk Behavior and Sexual Assault Among Ethnically Diverse Women.

Sexual assault is associated with a number of health risk behaviors in women. It has been hypothesized that these risk behaviors, such as hazardous drinking, may represent women's attempts to cope with psychological distress, such as symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, extant research has failed to evaluate these relationships among ethnic minority samples or identify the mechanisms responsible for this association. The current study examined sexual assault history and two health risk behaviors (hazardous drinking and engaging in sexual behavior to regulate negative affect) in a diverse sample of 1,620 college women. Depression and anxiety were examined as mediators of the relationship between sexual assault and health risk behaviors. There was evidence of moderated mediation, such that for European American women, but not for ethnic minority women, both forms of psychological distress were significant mediators of the sexual assault/hazardous drinking relationship. In contrast, among all ethnic groups, the relationship between sexual assault and both forms of psychological distress was mediated by the use of sexual behavior as an affect regulation strategy. Results support a need to evaluate the assault experiences of ethnically diverse women, as well as the impact of the assault on their postassault experiences including health risk behaviors and psychological adjustment. Additionally, results suggest that practitioners should carefully assess health risk behaviors among victims of sexual assault and be aware that there may be differences in the risk factors and motives for these behaviors among women of various ethnic backgrounds.

Influence of therapeutic communication system on depression emotion of postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of therapeutic communication system on alleviation of depression emotion of postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods 56 cases of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgery were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 28 cases in each group.The observation group was given therapeutic communication system based on routine care,the control group only received routine care.The self-rating depression scale (SDS),automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and quality of life evaluation questionnaire (QLQ-C30 3.0) were used for evaluation in two groups before and after intervention.Results The depression mood,negative automatic thoughts and quality of life in the observation group were better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions Application of therapeutic communication system on postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy can alleviate depression,negative automatic thoughts and quality of life significantly.It implies the effectiveness and feasibility of psychological intervention for postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy,which is worthy of clinical application.

Câncer de próstata, sentimento de impotência e fracassos ante os cartões IV e VI do Rorschach / Prostate cancer, feelings of impotence and failures before cards IV and V of Rorschach

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender os sentimentos de impotência e fracassos com base em dados empíricos extraídos dos cartões IV e VI da técnica de Rorschach aplicado em vinte e cinco pacientes com câncer de próstata em atendimento ambulatorial num hospital de câncer. O Rorschach foi aplicado nas dependências do próprio hospital, após consentimento livre e esclarecido dos pacientes e aprovação do Comitê de Ética do hospital. O estudo permite concluir que por se tratar de um órgão que afeta a sensibilidade sexual masculina, a depressão e o sentimento de impotência estão presentes em todos os pacientes, mesmo naqueles em que a impotência possa ser temporária.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to understand the feelings of impotence and failure, based on empirical data extracted from cards IV and V of the Rorschach technique. It was carried out with twenty five prostate cancer patients in a specialized cancer hospital. The Rorschach was applied inside the hospital after both the patients' free and conscious consent and the approval of the hospital's Ethics Committee. The study allowed to conclude that depression and impotence feelings are present in all prostate cancer patients, even in those whose impotence may be temporary, since the prostate is an organ that affects sexual male sensibility.(AU)

Research of the Relationship Between the Emotion Disorder and Cognitive Function Impairment Relation and its Influence Factors with the Epilepsy Patients / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the relationship between the emotion disorder and cognitive function impairment relation and its influence factors with the epilepsy patients.Methods We collected 320 cases epilepsy patients in hospital and 56 cases contrast normally in People’s Hospital of the centre of Zhanjiang, and Carry on the determine of the cognitive function separately, the determine of the emotion status, and the measurement for the quality of life, then carry on statistical analysis.Results In 320 cases with epilepsy patients, 259 cases persons has intellectual Impairment (80.9) (IQ