Deprivation of liberty and the community nurse.

In this month's Policy column, Iwan Dowie discusses the 'deprivation of liberty' - which is used to safeguard patients who may be lacking sufficient mental capacity to manage their own safety. The author, through previous legal cases, shares how the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS)-an amendment to the Mental Capacity Act 2005-came into being, and the importance of community nurses in knowing the DoLS.

[The problems of counteraction to HIV-infection and its prevention in places of imprisonment].

The article considers the problem of organizing prevention and treatment of HIV-infection in suspected, accused and convicted persons in places of deprivation of liberty. The HIV-infected individuals in places of deprivation of liberty are in situation of increased risk that creates objective necessity for in-depth study of this phenomenon. The purpose of the study was to determine specific characteristics of organization of support of HIV-infected individuals, to identify ways of contamination and its main risk factors among both suspected, accused and convicted persons and penitentiary institution personnel. The study provided sorting out of main aspects that resulting in convicts' refusal to receive drugs and treatment. The corresponding recommendations for optimizing general and particular prevention of these negative phenomena were developed. The conclusion was made that it is possible to apply complex methods to motivate convicted HIV patients for treatment. Some of these methods can include such medical social psychological measures of organizational managerial character as training of specialists; participation of HIV patients in comprehensive preventive programs; group support of convicted HIV patients; positive reinforcement application; individual approach.

Occupational Therapy and Imprisoned Adolescents: An Analysis of Professional Practices.

The care of adolescents in reclusion has been a field of work for occupational therapists in different parts of the world. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze Brazilian occupational therapists' practices with adolescents in reclusion. Research conducted in Brazil, identifying 56 professionals, invited to answer a questionnaire (n = 43); participate in discussion groups (n = 9); and interview (n = 4). Professionals reported different visions that guide their practices, including the identification of individual skills and the profession's possibilities for social action. Occupational therapists have specificities to work in these institutions, highlighting the possibilities of acting with a focus on social change. Practices in occupational therapy can lead to social change if focused on social issues. Social occupational therapy offers theoretical and methodological elements that inform the profession. Reflections on the practice carried out, according to a critical perspective, enable a performance in occupational therapy that intends social change.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe and analyze the practice of occupational therapists in custodial units of the Brazilian juvenile justice system. METHODOLOGY: Mapping and identification of occupational therapists in institutions of juvenile incarceration; questionnaire; workshops; semi-structured interviews; and synthesis meeting. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Forty-three professionals with diverse practices participated in this study. The collected data in the different stages of the research were analyzed based on social occupational therapy. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy practices can lead to social change if focused on social issues. Social occupational therapy offers theoretical and methodological elements for that.

Occupational Therapy and Imprisoned Adolescents: An Analysis of Professional PracticesIntroduction: In Brazil, the number of adolescents convicted of infractions is increasing. Judicial sanctions may be imposed on this population, including imprisonment. There are occupational therapists working with these adolescents, but their practices are little recorded and debated.

Extending section 12 approval under the Mental Health Act to professions other than medicine.

Applications for detention under civil sections of the England and Wales Mental Health Act 1983 require at least one recommendation from a registered medical practitioner who is approved under section 12 of the Act. The Mental Health Act 2007 introduced multi-professional approved clinicians who may act as a patient's responsible clinician with responsibilities that include renewal of detention for treatment. Approved clinicians who are medical practitioners are automatically approved for section 12 purposes, whereas other approved clinicians are not. It is argued in this paper that this inconsistency is illogical, has implications for patient care and needs to be remedied.

Distributed rights protection: The 2000 Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults and the challenge of securing fundamental rights across borders.

The 2000 Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults ('the 2000 Convention') entered into force on 1 January 2009, is cast as a private international law convention (i.e. one providing tools to minimise procedural, debates about cross-border matters affecting individuals). However, in little-known, and even less explored fashion, it has significant implications for the exercise of both administrative and legal powers by States over those in their territory in zones that are conventionally held close to the metaphorical heart of State power, for instance those experiencing mental ill health, or with impaired decision-making capacity. Even less explored are the consequences for the individuals at the centre of such situations, in particular as regards the protection of their fundamental rights. As we examine in this paper, focusing on both problems of abduction and of cross-border placement into circumstances of deprivation of liberty, such protection has to be distributed between jurisdictions; we suggest that this is a phenomenon which requires to be addressed in a transparent fashion, so that all concerned can be clear as to the implications for its effectiveness.

Ações e condições da privação de liberdade, segundo dissertações de mestrado (2007-2016) / Actuaciones y condiciones de privación de libertad según tesis de maestría (2007-2016) / Actions and conditions of deprivation of liberty according to master's dissertations (2007-2016)

RESUMO Em seu capítulo sobre medidas socioeducativas, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) propõe a aplicação de medidas a adolescentes autores de atos infracionais, cujo caráter deve ser educativo e não punitivo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi mapear as dissertações indexadas na base Capes sobre a privação de liberdade de adolescentes defendidas entre 2007 e 2016 que respondiam ao problema de pesquisa: 'Quais as contribuições da privação de liberdade como medida socioeducativa para o desenvolvimento de jovens no Brasil?', tendo sido identificadas 1.133 dissertações. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental, na qual foram selecionadas 174 dissertações e foi possível perceber vários problemas na execução da medida socioeducativa e que estão em desacordo com as prescrições do Sinase. Em muitos casos, a concepção punitiva se sobrepõe ao aspecto pedagógico, levando a uma aproximação entre o sistema socioeducativo e o sistema prisional. Destaca-se a necessidade de os órgãos responsáveis fiscalizarem os centros socioeducativos para a garantia do cumprimento das normativas.

RESUMEN En su capítulo sobre medidas socioeducativas, el Estatuto de la Infancia y de la Adolescencia (ECA) propone la aplicación de medidas a los adolescentes que han cometido infracciones cuyo carácter debe ser educativo y no punitivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear las disertaciones indexadas en la base de datos CAPES sobre la privación de libertad de adolescentes defendidas entre 2007 y 2016 que respondió al problema de investigación: '¿Cuáles son las contribuciones de la privación de libertad como una medida socioeducativa para el desarrollo de los jóvenes en Brasil?', habiendo sido identificados 1133 disertaciones. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, se realizó una investigación documental, en la que se seleccionaron 174 disertaciones y se pudo percibir varios problemas en la ejecución de la medida socioeducativa y que están en desacuerdo con las prescripciones del SINASE. En muchos casos, la concepción punitiva se superpone al aspecto pedagógico, lo que lleva a una aproximación entre el sistema socioeducativo y el sistema penitenciario. Se destaca la necesidad de que los organismos responsables inspeccionen los centros socioeducativos para garantizar el cumplimiento de la normativa.

ABSTRACT In its chapter on socio-educational measures, the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) proposes the application of measures to adolescents who have committed infractions whose character must be educational and not punitive. The objective of this work was to map the dissertations indexed in the CAPES database on the deprivation of liberty of adolescents defended between 2007 and 2016 that answered the research problem: 'What are the contributions of the deprivation of liberty as a socio-educational measure for the development of young people in Brazil?', having identified 1133 dissertations defended in this period. In order to meet the proposed objective, a documentary research was carried out, in which 174 dissertations were selected and it was possible to perceive several problems in the execution of the socio-educational measure and which are in disagreement with the SINASE prescriptions. In many cases, the punitive conception overlaps the pedagogical aspect, leading to an approximation between the socio-educational system and the prison system. The need for the responsible bodies to inspect the socio-educational centers is highlighted in order to guarantee compliance with the regulations.

Parental practices under the perspective of incarcerated fathers / Práticas parentais na percepção de pais encarcerados / Prácticas parentales en la percepción de los padres encarcelados

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perception of parenting practices before and during the incarceration of men deprived of liberty. Fifty-seven men aged between 22 and 61 years (M = 36.16; SD = 8.44) participated in the study, with family income of one to two minimum wages (31.6%), did not complete elementary school (54.4%), were married (73.7%), and had two or more children (73.7%) aged 4 to 16 years. They answered socio-demographic questions and the Parenting Practices Inventory (PPI) for conditions in liberty and in prison. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, mean comparison tests and Pearson correlation. Regarding their condition of imprisonment, there was a significant reduction in scores of parental practices of "Discipline", "Education" and "Social", but not in "Affection". The scores for "Discipline" for conditions in liberty and in prison showed a strong correlation. The implications of these results are discussed, limitations and future directions are also indicated. (AU)

Este estudo buscou avaliar e comparar a percepção das práticas parentais antes e durante o encarceramento por homens privados de liberdade. Participaram do estudo 57 homens com idades entre 22 e 61 anos (M = 36,16; DP = 8,44), com renda familiar de um a dois salários mínimos (31,6%), ensino fundamental incompleto (54,4%), casados (73,7%) e com dois ou mais filhas/os (78,9%) com idades de 4 a 16 anos. Eles responderam a questões sociodemográficas e ao Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP) para as condições em liberdade e em situação de prisão. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, testes de comparação de médias e correlação de Pearson. A situação de prisão representou uma diminuição significativa em práticas parentais de "Disciplina", "Educação" e "Social", mas não em "Afeto". As pontuações em "Disciplina" para as condições em liberdade e em prisão apresentaram forte correlação. São discutidas as implicações desses resultados, bem como apresentadas limitações e direcionamentos futuros. (AU)

El presente estudio buscó evaluar y comparar la percepción de las prácticas parentales antes y durante el encarcelamiento de hombres privados de libertad. Participaron 57 hombres de entre 22 y 61 años (M = 36,16; DS = 8,44), con ingresos familiares de uno o dos salarios mínimos (31,6%), educación primaria incompleta (54,4 %), casados (73,7%) y con dos o más niños (78,9%) con edades entre 4 a 16 años. Los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas y el Inventario de Prácticas Parentales (IPP) sobre sus condiciones de paternidad en libertad y en prisión. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, pruebas de comparación de medias y correlación de Pearson. La situación carcelaria representó una disminución significativa en las puntuaciones de las prácticas parentales de "Disciplina", "Educación" y "Social", pero no en "Afectividad". Los escores en el factor "Disciplina" para las condiciones en libertad y en prisión mostraron una fuerte correlación. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, así como también se presentan las limitaciones y direcciones futuras. (AU)

An Emerging Pattern? A Further Case of Anticipated Capacity Loss in Pregnancy: North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust V SR [2021] EWCOP 58.

In 2021, the Court of Protection made a third anticipatory declaration that it was lawful for a capacitous pregnant woman to be subject to possible forcible treatment contingent on her losing capacity before or during birth. North Middlesex University Hospital v SR raises three interesting questions for discussion which this commentary will explore. First, it is submitted that there is a growing, yet alarming, trend in the use of anticipatory or contingent declarations to manage such challenging cases of future loss of, or fluctuating, capacity in pregnant women. This trend now seems to have been widened by SR and could potentially capture any pregnant woman, rather than those in narrower, exceptional circumstances. Secondly, this commentary discusses the judge's justification of basing the issuing of anticipatory or contingent declarations on a 'real risk' P will lose capacity in the future, highlighting the potential problems with framing such controversial powers on 'risk'. Finally, it provides an exploration of the alternative option of utilising advance care plans to better deal with these types of matters, in the name of giving back the power to pregnant women to decide on what should happen to them in labour in the event that they do lose capacity before or during delivery.

Mental health, welfare or justice: An introductory global overview of differences between countries in the scale and approach to secure placements of children and young people.

BACKGROUND: Estimates suggest that over a million children per year are deprived of their liberty across the world. Little is known about the types, ethos or distribution of secure beds in which they are detained. AIM: This study aims to provide quantitative data with background information, to explore similarities and differences across jurisdictions, and to inform critical inquiry into key concepts and practices. METHODS: Data was obtained using an opportunistic sample of affluent countries, derived from an emerging academic/practice network of senior professionals. Depending on jurisdiction, data was already in the public domain or specifically requested. Data requests were related to the nature and size of health, welfare and criminal justice elements of secure beds and recent occupancy. Key professionals working in child secure settings, within jurisdictions, provided commentary on local approaches. RESULTS: Data was incomplete but allowed for comparisons between 10 jurisdictions. The proportions of the populations of children and young people detained varied by jurisdiction as did their distribution across variations of secure settings. Not all jurisdictions had all three kinds of secure settings. Definitions of secure beds varied depending on the use of relational, procedural or physical security. CONCLUSION: Findings are tentative but suggestion solely considering numerical descriptions of children's detention is misleading; our study highlights ways in which comparative studies may be improved. Within reported jurisdictions, the framework of health, welfare and justice was meaningful but this may not hold true with a wider international application of this method. Open interrogation of this data would be enhanced by the inclusion of children's perspectives.

Deprivation of patient liberty: a qualitative study of current practice among geriatricians in a tertiary setting.

BACKGROUND: The Assisted Decision Making (Capacity) Act 2015 in Ireland is designed to support and maximise a person's capacity to make decisions, although it has not yet commenced. Amendments to the legislation propose to deal with deprivation of liberty of persons lacking capacity. Health care professionals such as geriatricians will need to focus on enabling patient autonomy in response to legislative changes. AIMS: This study aimed to explore geriatricians' experience in a tertiary hospital setting when dealing with deprivation of liberty scenarios. METHODS: A generic qualitative study was undertaken in 2019 via 10 separate, semi-structured, in-person interviews with consultant geriatricians. The interview covered patient decision-making and deprivation of patient liberty in the acute setting, thoughts on proposed legislation and elements learned from experience. A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Regarding the potential deprivation of patient liberty, five themes emerged: (a) patient capacity, including assessment and opinions; (b) interaction of geriatricians with other professionals and dynamics amongst those that influence decision-making; (c) the environment of factors and frameworks shaping current practice; (d) medico-legal education and geriatricians recognising relevant, challenging cases; (e) the awareness of geriatricians of their attitudes and approaches, including reflecting on one's own practice. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight a need for collaborative communication between doctors and legal professionals to achieve a structured and supportive framework to inform practice when working under any proposed legislation relating to deprivation of liberty.

[Respecting the religion or the spirituality of the elderly person with mental health issues]. / Respecter la religion ou la spiritualité de la personne âgée en souffrance mentale.

Mental health facilities, despite the evolution of recent decades, remain in part places in which patients are deprived of their liberty. For elderly people with mental health issues, spirituality and freedom of expression are even more legitimate. Religious tolerance is a challenge for caregivers, and a patient's request to practise their religion must be acknowledged. The provision of dedicated spaces and the presence of chaplains must favour the respect of cultural liberties.

As Representações Sociais sobre a Maternidade para Mães em Privação de Liberdade / Social Representations of Motherhood for Mothers Deprived of Liberty / Las Representaciones Sociales sobre la Maternidad de las Madres en Privación de Libertad

Diante do aumento do encarceramento feminino, ganharam visibilidade questões específicas deste público, dentre elas as relacionadas à maternidade. Este estudo objetivou conhecer a vivência da maternidade para mães privadas de liberdade, a partir do aporte teórico das Representações Sociais. Participaram 15 mães, com idade entre 21 e 44 anos (M=30,47; DP=6,25) do Centro de Ressocialização Feminino de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Foram submetidas a entrevistas em profundidade e ao questionário sóciodemográfico. A produção textual foi processada com o auxílio do software ALCESTE e analisadas pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, os dados sóciodemográficos por meio do SPSS (versão 21). Dos resultados, emergiram quatro classes temáticas, ancoradas: na vivência e rotina diária na prisão; no conhecimento sobre processos, sentenças e morosidade da justiça; nas vulnerabilidades para o uso de substâncias psicoativas e suas consequências nas relações familiares; e na vivência da maternidade. Ser mãe, neste contexto, foi objetivado como sinônimo de sofrimento, incerteza e culpa pela ausência nos cuidados maternos e pela separação dos filhos e familiares. Destaca-se que a maternidade adquire diferentes facetas que ora se aproximam e ora se distanciam do ideal de maternidade socialmente disseminado. Assim, faz-se necessário promover ações sociais que busquem fortalecer os laços psicossociais entre as mães presas, suas famílias, filhos e sociedade. (AU)

Faced with the increase in female incarceration, specific issues of this public gained more visibility, including those related to maternity. This study aimed to know the motherhood experience among mothers deprived of liberty from the perspective of theoretical contribution of Social Representations. Fifteen mothers, between 21 and 44 years old (M = 30.47; SD = 6.25) from the Centro de Ressocialização Feminino of João Pessoa, Paraíba participated. They were submitted to in-depth interviews and the socio-demographic questionnaire. The textual production was processed with the aid of ALCESTE software and analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification, the socio-demographic data through the SPSS (version 21). From the results, four thematic classes emerged, anchored: in the experience and daily routine in prison; In the knowledgeof court proceedings, judgments and delays; in vulnerabilities to psychoactive substance use and their consequences on family relationships; and in the experience of motherhood. Being a mother, in this context, was objectified as a synonym of suffering, uncertainty and guilt for the absence of maternal care and separation of children and family. It is noteworthy that motherhood acquires different facets that are now approaching and away from the ideal of the socially disseminated motherhood. Thus, it is necessary to promote social actions that seek to strengthen psychosocial ties between imprisoned mothers, their families, children and society. (AU)

Frente al aumento del encarcelamiento femenino, ganaron visibilidad cuestiones específicas de este público, entre ellas las relacionadas a la maternidad. Este estudio objetivó conocer la vivencia de la maternidad de las madres privadas de libertad, a partir del aporte teórico de las Representaciones Sociales. Participaron 15 madres, de 21 a 44 años (M=30,47; DP=6,25) del Centro de Resocialización Femenino de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Se sometieron a entrevistas en profundidad y al cuestionario sociodemográfico. La producción textual fue procesada con el auxilio del software ALCESTE y analizada por la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente, los datos sociodemográficos por medio del SPSS (versión 21). De los resultados, emergieron cuatro clases temáticas, ancladas: en la vivencia y la rutina diaria en la cárcel; en el conocimiento sobre los procesos, las sentencias y la morosidad de la justicia; en las vulnerabilidades para el uso de las sustancias psicoactivas y sus consecuencias en las relaciones familiares; y en la vivencia de la maternidad. Ser madre, en este contexto, fue objetivado como sinónimo de sufrimiento, inseguridad y culpa por la ausencia en los cuidados maternos y la separación de los hijos y familiares. Se destaca que la maternidad adquiere diferentes facetas que se acercan o se alejan del ideal de la maternidad socialmente diseminado. De esta forma, es necesario promover acciones sociales que busquen fortalecer los vínculos psicosociales entre las madres encarceladas, su familia, los hijos y la sociedad. (AU)

Everything you need to know about deprivation of liberty safeguards.

Established as an amendment to the Mental Capacity Act 2005, the deprivation of liberty safeguards were introduced to ensure that anyone who lacks capacity to consent to their care, and was being deprived of their liberty, has rights equivalent to those held under the Mental Health Act 1983. These rights include someone to oversee any deprivation of liberty, the right of appeal and the guarantee of review of appeal in a timely manner. This article outlines how deprivation of liberty safeguards work, how a deprivation of liberty safeguards is applied for and obtained, what to discuss with the next of kin, and some special circumstances to consider. It also provides information about the criteria by which deprivation of liberty safeguards applications are assessed and the process by which this is done. This provides an overview for junior doctors working in secondary care, to increase their knowledge and confidence when patients require a deprivation of liberty safeguards application.

Case Comment: Re D (A Child) [2019] UKSC 42.

How (if at all) can the right to liberty of a child under Article 5 European Convention on Human Rights ('ECHR') be balanced against the rights of parents, enshrined both at common law and under Article 8 ECHR? Is there a limit to the extent to which parents can themselves, or via others, seek to impose restrictions upon their disabled child's liberty so as to secure their child's interests? This case considers the answers to these questions given by and the implications of the decision of the Supreme Court in September 2019 in Re D (A Child) [2019] UKSC 42.

Educando o corpo desvalido: a educação física na história da privação de liberdade de crianças e jovens brasileiros / Educating the helpless body: physical education in the history of deprivation of liberty for brazilian children and youth / Educando el cuerpo desvalido: educación física en la historia de la privación de libertad de niños y jóvenes brasileños

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo histórico acerca da constituição da Educação Física em instituições de privação de liberdade para crianças e jovens no estado de São Paulo. Os dados, coletados por meio de revisão bibliográfica em pesquisa de mestrado realizada de 2016 a 2018, apresentam uma análise da presença da Educação Física nestas instituições desde o final do século XIX, bem como dos pressupostos que a sustentam atualmente. Aponta-se que a Educação Física nestes estabelecimentos se constituiu sobre os mesmos pressupostos que a legitimaram em estabelecimentos escolares: o movimento higienista e o ideal de sociedade moderna. Como nas escolas, a Educação Física na privação de liberdade se consolidou através de práticas ginásticas, tendo, posteriormente, encontrado no esporte o meio pelo qual "poderia" contornar a delinquência juvenil

This study presents the history the establishment of Physical Education at institutions enforcing deprivation of liberty for children and youth in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through bibliographical review during research for a master's degree from 2016 to 2018. An analysis of the presence of Physical Education in those institutions since the end of the Nineteenth Century is presented, together with the assumptions that support it today. Physical Education was established in those establishments on the same assumptions that legitimized it in schools: the hygienist movement and the ideal of modern society. In a similar process to that of schools, Physical Education under deprivation of liberty was consolidated through gymnastics practices, having later found sports as the means by which it 'could' circumvent juvenile delinquency

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo presentar el proceso histórico acerca de la constitución de la Educación Física en instituciones de privación de libertad para niños y jóvenes en el estado de São Paulo. Los datos, recogidos a través de revisión bibliográfica en investigación de Maestría realizada de 2016 a 2018, presentan un análisis de la presencia de la Educación Física en estas instituciones desde fines del siglo XIX, así como de los presupuestos que la sostienen actualmente. Se indica que la Educación Física en estos establecimientos se constituyó sobre los mismos presupuestos que la legitimaron en establecimientos escolares: el movimiento higienista y el ideal de sociedad moderna. Como en las escuelas, la Educación Física en la privación de libertad se consolidó a través de prácticas gimnásticas, habiendo encontrado, posteriormente, en el deporte el medio por el cual "podría" eludir la delincuencia juvenil

The right to liberty of persons with psychosocial disabilities at the United Nations: A tale of two interpretations.

This article explores the current debate which exists within the United Nations human rights system regarding the right to liberty of persons with psychosocial disabilities. Article 14 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that the existence of a disability cannot be a justificatory ground for the involuntary detention of a person. In interpreting Article 14, the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has called for States Parties to repeal legislation which provides for detention based on the existence of a psychosocial disability, either solely or in combination with other factors such as a perceived dangerousness or need for treatment - essentially requiring the abolition of mental health laws. However, a number of other human rights bodies within the UN, including the Human Rights Committee, have continued to affirm the lawfulness of deprivations of liberty under mental health legislation in certain circumstances. This article will set out the current state of this discourse and conclude by making a determination on the governing legal interpretation of the right to liberty of persons with psychosocial disabilities under international law.

Emergencies and Equivocality Under the Inherent Jurisdiction: A Local Authority v BF [2018] EWCA CIV 2962 and Southend-On-Sea Borough Council v Meyers [2019] EWHC 399 (FAM).

In A Local Authority v BF [2018] EWCA Civ 2962, the Court of Appeal refused to grant permission to appeal against an interim judgment that deprived a capacitous man, Mr Meyers, of his liberty. The deprivation of liberty was held to be justified on the basis that there was evidence suggesting that he was of unsound mind under Article 5(1)(e) of the European Convention on Human Rights and, in any event, it was an emergency which temporarily obviated the need to establish that he was of unsound mind. In this commentary, I argue that the decision was flawed in two respects. First, the need to establish 'unsound mind' could not be dispensed with because it was not an emergency and, secondly, the Court's interpretation of 'unsound mind' was overly broad and cannot be reconciled with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Subsequently, in Southend-On-Sea Borough Council v Meyers [2019] EWHC 399 (Fam), which was the substantive hearing of Mr Meyers' case, Hayden J made an order preventing Mr Meyers from living with his son, with the decision being framed as a restriction on movement rather than a deprivation of liberty. I contend that the restrictions placed on Mr Meyers may amount to a deprivation of liberty. On a broader level, I argue that the use of the inherent jurisdiction to deprive vulnerable adults of their liberty is incompatible with Article 5, and that these cases demonstrate the potential for draconian decisions to be made when using a jurisdiction with shifting parameters to protect adults who are deemed to be 'vulnerable', a concept that is equivocal in nature.

Transición de jóvenes varones en conflicto con la ley penal hacia la vida adulta en Córdoba (Argentina) / Transition of young males in conflict with the criminal law towards adult life in Córdoba (Argentina) / Transição de jovens rapazes em conflito com a lei penal à vida adulta em Córdoba (Argentina)

Resumen: El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los modos en que se produce la transición hacia la adultez en jóvenes varones en conflicto con la ley penal privados de libertad. Se exploran los cambios y continuidades en sus trayectorias vitales (familiares, laborales, educativas), se indagan aspectos relativos a eventos significativos considerando sus interrelaciones y confluencias para comprender cómo intentan armar proyectos, buscar respuestas a los obstáculos que enfrentan, movilizar recursos y tomar decisiones de cara al futuro. Se optó por un abordaje cualitativo y se utilizó como herramienta metodológica el relato biográfico. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad se fueron elaborando los relatos de cinco jóvenes de entre 18 y 19 años de edad alojados en un centro socioeducativo penal juvenil de privación de la libertad (Córdoba, Argentina). A partir del software Atlas Ti se codificaron y analizaron los datos de manera simultánea, identificándose cuatro categorías centrales en la construcción de las trayectorias que marcan el camino de transición hacia la adultez: a) la urdimbre familiar, b) la experiencia escolar, c) la experiencia laboral, d) el papel del encierro en la transición a la adultez. Los jóvenes señalan una sucesión de eventos significativos que fueron trazando sus itinerarios biográficos que se combinan en el presente con el encierro, en el marco de un sistema punitivo y de control, y con un seguir "atrapados" ante un futuro que se vislumbra como incierto.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the ways in which the transition to adulthood occurs in incarcerated young men who have been in conflict with criminal law. The research explores their life trajectories (family, work, education), capturing major divergences, the inter connections of significant life events are investigated with regard to how the young men approach their major decisions, find answers to the obstacles they face, mobilize resources and make decisions about their future. A qualitative approach was chosen using biographical narrative methodology. Based on in-depth interviews, the stories of five young people between 18 and 19 years of age housed in a socio-educational juvenile justice detention center (Córdoba, Argentina) were gathered. The data were coded and analyzed simultaneously using Atlas TI software, and four central categories were identified, describing trajectories that mark the path of transition towards: a) family history, b) school experience, c) work experience, and d) the role of confinement in the transition to adulthood. Young people point out a succession of significant events in their biographical itineraries, combining the present experience with confinement, the framework of the punitive and control system, and with feeling "trapped" in the face of an uncertain future.

Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as formas em que se produz a transição à idade adulta em jovens rapazes em conflito com a lei penal privados de liberdade. Exploram-se as mudanças e a continuidade nas suas trajetórias vitais (familiares, trabalho e educativas). Indagam-se aspectos relativos a eventos significativos considerando suas inter-relações e confluências para compreender como tentam preparar projetos, encontrar respostas aos obstáculos que enfrentam, mobilizar recursos e tomar decisões frente ao futuro. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa e utilizou-se como ferramenta metodológica o relato biográfico. A partir de entrevistas mais profundas foi-se elaborando os relatos dos cinco jovens de 18 e 19 anos alojados num centro prisional juvenil socioeducativo privados de liberdade (Córdoba, Argentina). A partir do software Atlas Ti codificarem-se e analisaram os dados simultaneamente, identificando-se quatro categorias centrais na construção das trajetórias que marcam o caminho de transição à vida adulta: a) o entorno familiar, b) a experiência escolar, c) a experiência trabalhista, d) o papel do isolamento na transição a idade adulta. Os jovens demonstram uma sucessão de eventos de vida significativos que foram traçando seus itinerários biográficos que combinam entre o presente com o isolamento, no quadro de um sistema punitivo e controlador, e com um seguir "preso" diante de um futuro que se vislumbra como incerto.

Conflicting Priorities Between Risk Management and Treatment of Schizophrenia in Swiss Forensic Services-A Case Report.

The Swiss Criminal Code provides measures for mentally-ill offenders focusing on their need for treatment. This may lead to the deprivation of the patient's liberty up to several years. Under certain circumstances the mentally-ill offender can be sentenced to an indefinite incarceration. This case presentation we will describe a forensic psychiatric patient diagnosed with schizophrenia who was ordered an indefinite incarceration in Switzerland after he had been sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment for a deliberate killing. Initial presentation of symptomatology included formal thought disorders and negative symptoms such as affective flattening and alogia. Due to a scarcity of adequate treatment sites in the 90s and lack of scope for risk assessment and management, the patient could only be treated within highly regiment prison environments in the past. There, the patient's treatment concept primarily focused on short-term psychiatric care instead of providing an adequate treatment plan that would have been essential for the patient's improvement of chronic symptoms. This case description aims to present some of the fundamental issues observed in the forensic mental health system, where strong efforts are made to balance risk management and the treatment of severe mental health disorders. We will put the patient's own course of treatment and his progress within the penal system into context with ethical challenges in the forensic and correctional services and will provide potential recommendations for future research in the field of forensic psychiatry.

"Um agente prisional de menor": identidade e percepções do agente socioeducativo sobre a instituição, os adolescentes e a sua ocupação / "A juvenile prison officer": identity and perceptions of the socio-educational agent about the institution, adolescents and their occupation

Resumo Agentes socioeducativos são profissionais atuantes em instituições que abrigam adolescentes cumprindo medida socioeducativa de internação. Pressupondo que os significados e as práticas do agente são influenciados pela e influenciam a constituição da vida social dos adolescentes e da instituição, este texto analisa as percepções desses profissionais quanto à sua identidade articulada às percepções sobre a instituição de internação e os adolescentes. Valemo-nos da fenomenologia para compreender a fluidez da ação, combinada com a sociologia da vida cotidiana, que toma os planos macro e microssociológico na análise social. Os dados advieram de sete meses de trabalho de campo em uma unidade de internação masculina em Mato Grosso, tendo 11 agentes entrevistados com roteiro semiestruturado, adotando-se a análise temática. Os resultados versam sobre os atrativos da profissão (estabilidade, salário, amizade, aprendizagens); sobre a instituição e a profissão (contradições entre discurso e prática, equiparando-se à prisão) e sobre os adolescentes (permanência da visão histórica do "menor" pobre, abandonado e em perigo ou infrator e perigoso). A constituição da identidade é relacional, indissociada do contexto, e os agentes vivenciam as repercussões das contradições e precariedades. Na porosidade e permeabilidade das interações forjam-se e são forjados pessoas, profissionais, grupos e instituições - indissociados: gentes e coisas.

Abstract Socio-educational agents are professionals who work in institutions that house adolescents fulfilling socio-educational measures of detention. Assuming that the meanings and practices of the agent are influenced by and influence the social life constitution of the adolescents and institution, this text analyzes the perceptions of these professionals regarding their identity articulated to the perceptions about the detention institution and the adolescents. We have used phenomenology to understand the fluidity of action, combined with the sociology of everyday life, that considers macro and micro-sociological planes in the social analysis. The data came from a seven-month field work in a male detention unit in Mato Grosso, Brazil, and from 11 agents interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire, adopting thematic analysis. The results are on the attractiveness of the profession (stability, salary, friendship, learning); on the institution and the profession (contradictions between discourse and practice, equating it to prison) and on adolescents (continuance of the historical view of a poor, abandoned, endangered or harmful and dangerous minor). The constitution of identity is relational, separated from the context, and agents experience the repercussions of contradictions and precariousness. In the porosity and permeability of interactions, individuals, professionals, groups and institutions - indissociated -, people and things forge and are forged.