Towards a dialogical and progressive educational policy framework: Manoeuvring a middle way among the polarised constructs.

Policy science and practice around the world, including educational policies, are dominated by popular, extreme approaches such as market-orientated approaches at one end and critical argumentative approaches at the other end. This study therefore aims to manoeuvre a middle way to propose a dialogical and progressive educational policy framework and explores the research question: 'how could a middle way (a dialogical and progressive framework) be manoeuvred among the polarised policy constructs?' The study embraces Lynham's five phases of theory building as the basis for this research, which includes conceptual development, operationalisation, confirmation/disconfirmation, application, and continuous refinement. The study explores some of the known existing policy frameworks for conceptual mapping, investigates the underlying dynamics and discourses to operationalise, uses diverse arguments in the literature to confirm/disconfirm and proposes to mark the emerging patterns, trends, and gaps in policy research to apply and refine. The study contends that if it is possible to have a polarised market-oriented and critical argumentative policy frameworks, it is then possible to have a dialogical, progressive middle-way policy framework. The study had to limit to the most important and related theories, and models to focus. Future works could explore a wide range of other relevant theories and models to further investigate this framework. Furthermore, application of the proposed dialogical, progressive educational policy framework in specific context/case may help to refine it. The study contends that the proposed middle way is not a perfect space but a potential space in which a dialogical and progressive educational policy may thrive.

The Inexhaustible Experience of the Inner Voice: An Answer to Marioka (2023), Fadeev (2023) and Machková (2023).

This article reflects on the analyzes and comments of Marioka (2023), Fadeev (2023) and Machková (2023) on the book New Perspectives on Inner Speech (Fossa, 2022a). First, I focus on responding and expanding the ideas presented by the authors, to later integrate the elements highlighted by them. By integrating the reflections and comments of the authors, it is evident that in inner speech there is an intersection between two continua. On the one hand, the control-lack of control continuum and, on the other hand, the diffuse-clear continuum. The level of clarity and control varies permanently during each act of internal speech, accounting for a phenomenon that advances from infinite interiority to infinite exteriority, and vice versa. This complex interaction of two continua - based on the level of control and the level of sharpness - defies empirical applications and demands methodological innovation in research centers interested in the Inexhaustible Experience of the Inner Voice.

The Community Lab of Ideas for Health: Community-Based Transdisciplinary Solutions in a Malaria Elimination Trial in The Gambia.

Background: Community participation in global health interventions may improve outcomes and solve complex health issues. Although numerous community participatory approaches have been developed and introduced, there has been little focus on "how" and "who" to involve in the implementation of community-based clinical trials where unequal distribution of power between implementers and communities pre-exists. Addressing how to achieve community-based solutions in a malaria elimination trial in The Gambia, we developed the Community Lab of Ideas for Health (CLIH): a participatory approach that enabled communities to shape trial implementation. Methods: As part of transdisciplinary research, we conducted qualitative research with in-depth interviews, discussions, and observations in 17 villages in the North Bank Region of The Gambia between March 2016 and December 2017. We designed an iterative research process involving ethnography, stakeholder-analysis, participatory-discussions, and qualitative monitoring and evaluation, whereby each step guided the next. We drew upon ethnographic results and stakeholder-analysis to identify key-informants who became participants in study design and implementation. The participatory-discussions provided a co-creative space for sharing community-centric ideas to tackle trial implementation challenges. The proposed strategies for trial implementation were continuously refined and improved through our monitoring and evaluation. Results: The CLIH incorporated communities' insights, to co-create tailored trial implementation strategies including: village health workers prescribing and distributing antimalarial treatments; "compounds" as community-accepted treatment units; medicine distribution following compound micro-politics; and appropriate modes of health message delivery. Throughout the iterative research process, the researchers and communities set the common goal, namely to curtail the medical poverty trap by reducing malaria transmission and the burden thereof. This innovative collaborative process built trust among stakeholders and fully engaged researchers and communities in co-creation and co-implementation of the trial. Discussion: The CLIH approach succeeded in touching the local realities by incorporating a spectrum of perspectives from community-members and discerning project-derived knowledge from local-knowledge. This process allowed us to co-develop locally-oriented solutions and ultimately to co-establish an intervention structure that community-members were ready and willing to use, which resulted in high uptake of the intervention (92% adherence to treatment). Successfully, the CLIH contributed in bridging research and implementation.

The therapeutic processes of avatar therapy: A content analysis of the dialogue between treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia and their avatar.

OBJECTIVE: Because the therapeutic processes of Avatar Therapy remain equivocal, the current study aims to further extend our previous findings by analysing the evolution of the avatars' and patients' speech and changes in patient responses as sessions progressed. DESIGN: Eighteen patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were selected from two clinical trials on Avatar Therapy. Three coders analysed both the avatars' and patients' discourse during immersive therapy sessions using content analysis methods. RESULTS: Our analyses enabled the categorization of the avatar discourse into confrontational techniques (e.g., provocation) and positive techniques (e.g., reinforcement). Patients responded to these utterances using coping mechanism or by expressing emotions, beliefs, self-perceptions or aspirations. Through identification of mutual changes in the interaction between the patient and their avatar, a shift was observed over the sessions from confrontation to a constructive dialogue. Assertiveness, emotional responses and prevention strategies seemed to be central to the therapeutic process, and these usually occur in response to positive techniques. CONCLUSION: Investigating AT's therapeutic process may help to identify components to achieve positive outcomes and can enable the development of more effective treatments. Further studies should explore the association between these themes and therapeutic response to help predict which patients will better respond to Avatar Therapy.

Dialogue and Dominance in Couple Therapy for Depression: Exploring Therapists' Responses in Creating Collaborative Moments.

Previous investigations have found specific communication patterns in couples dealing with depression, specifically when depression concurs with conjugal conflicts. The presence of these patterns can reflect couples' difficulties in engaging in collaborative communication during their sessions, posing a real challenge for therapists. This exploratory study uses a dialogical approach to examine issues of dominance and type of dialogue in two couples who differed in terms of their levels of dyadic adjustment. The therapists' reactions were explored in order to detect the kinds of responses that were most effective at engendering a collaborative attitude in therapy sessions. The method used to analyze the dialogue was Dialogical Investigations of Happenings of Change (DIHC). Results on dominance indicated that the degree of quantitative and semantic dominance displayed by a different member of the couple in each case was illustrative of their relational dynamics, while in both cases interactional dominance was exercised by the therapists. Results on dialogue revealed that dialogic dialogue might help to coconstruct new shared meanings of depression. The findings indicated that certain responses by therapists as part of the dialogue could be useful in bringing about a reduction in hostility between the members of a couple, provided that the responses are maintained over the course of the session. Some research and clinical implications that emerge from the results are discussed.

En investigaciones previas se han descubierto patrones de comunicación específicos en parejas que afrontan la depresión, particularmente cuando la depresión coincide con conflictos conyugales. La presencia de estos patrones puede reflejar las dificultades de las parejas para entablar una comunicación colaborativa durante sus sesiones, lo cual plantea un verdadero desafío para los terapeutas. Este estudio exploratorio utiliza un enfoque dialógico para analizar las cuestiones de dominación y el tipo de diálogo en dos parejas que diferían en cuanto a sus niveles de ajuste diádico. Se analizaron las reacciones de los terapeutas a fin de detectar los tipos de respuestas que fueron más eficaces para generar una actitud colaborativa en las sesiones de terapia. El método utilizado para analizar el diálogo fue "Investigaciones Dialógicas de Sucesos de Cambio" (Dialogical Investigations of Happenings of Change, DIHC). Los resultados sobre la dominación indicaron que el grado de dominación cuantitativa y semántica demostrado por un integrante diferente de la pareja en cada caso fue ilustrativo de su dinámica relacional, mientras que en ambos casos los terapeutas ejercieron dominación interaccional. Los resultados sobre el diálogo revelaron que el diálogo dialógico podría contribuir a coconstruir nuevos significados comunes de la depresión. Los resultados indicaron que ciertas respuestas de los terapeutas como parte del diálogo podrían ser útiles para producir una reducción de la hostilidad entre los integrantes de una pareja, siempre y cuando se mantengan las respuestas durante el transcurso de la sesión. Se debaten algunas implicancias científicas y clínicas que surgen de los resultados.

Challenges in enacting occupation-based social transformative practices: A critical dialogical study.

BACKGROUND.: Globally, occupational therapists are taking up the transformative potential of occupation to mobilize the profession's commitment to social change. PURPOSE.: This study examined ideal constructions of occupation-based social transformative practices and challenges that may arise when enacting these practices. METHOD.: Five participants with experiences developing practices aligned with social transformative goals in diverse locations were recruited. In this critical dialogical study, three dialogical interviews were conducted with each participant. Critical reflexivity was enacted through the exchange of transcripts and critical reflections with participants. A critical discourse analysis was conducted to examine how such practices are shaped within discourses and other contextual features. FINDINGS.: The findings address constructions of ideal practice and three threads that provide critical insights into ways discourses shape possibilities to enact social transformation through occupation. IMPLICATIONS.: This study brings together experiential and theoretical knowledge to advance social transformative practices by problematizing underexamined discourses in occupational therapy.

Exploration of the dialogue components in Avatar Therapy for schizophrenia patients with refractory auditory hallucinations: A content analysis.

Auditory verbal hallucinations are hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia and are amongst the most disturbing symptoms of the disorder. Although not entirely understood, the relationship between the voice hearer and their voices has been shown to be an important treatment target. Understanding voice hearers' standpoints through qualitative analysis is central to apprehend a deeper comprehension of their experience and further explore the relevance of interpersonal interventions. Compared with other dialogical intervention, virtual reality-assisted therapy (Avatar Therapy) enables patients to be in a tangible relation with a representation of their persecutory voice. This novel therapy has shown favourable results, though the therapeutic processes remain equivocal. We consequently sought to begin by characterizing the main themes emerging during the therapy by exploring the hearer's discussion with their avatar. The therapy sessions of 12 of our referrals were transcribed, and the patients' responses were analysed using content analysis methods. Five themes emerged from data saturation: emotional responses to the voices, beliefs about voices and schizophrenia, self-perceptions, coping mechanisms, and aspirations. All patients had at least one element within each of these themes. Our analyses also enabled us to identify changes that were either verbalized by the patients or noted by the raters throughout therapy sessions. These findings are relevant as they allowed to identify key themes that are hypothesized to be related to therapeutic targets in a novel relational therapy using virtual reality. Future studies to further explore the processes implicated within Avatar Therapy are necessary.

Tolerating Uncertainty: New Possibilities of Open Dialogue in Primary Care Practice / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Open Dialogue is a dialogical approach aiming at "polyphony (multivoicedness) " based on seven principles such as "social network perspective" and "tolerance of uncertainty". This method began as an approach to treat mental illness in Finland, and has great potential in the primary care field. In particular, it may be effective for highly complex and/or uncertain cases.

Pragmatics of the Development of Personal Identity in Adolescents in the Latin American Context.

The present work proposes a pragmatic perspective of the development of personal identity. Such perspective is based on a unifying vision that incorporates the contribution of communicative pragmatics and becomes aware of the contribution of semiotics to psychology, without leaving aside the eriksonian point of view and other significant contributions in the field. The article defines identity in adolescence from a development approach, and adopts a systemic perspective concerning the insertion of adolescents in their context of formation as individuals. It then proposes a way to understand identity from a pragmatic-communicative perspective. Finally, it introduces two communicative use contexts from which personal identity can emerge, showing the importance of communication and language in the formation and development of identity.

Reflexões sobre a prática clínica em Gestalt-terapia: possibilidades de acesso à experiência do cliente / Reflexiones sobre la práctica en Terapia Gestalt: posibilidades para el acceso a la experiencia del cliente / Reflections about the clinical practice in Gestalt-therapy: possibilities for access to client experience

Este artigo pretende refletir acerca das dificuldades e caminhos possíveis para a prática clínica em Gestalt-terapia, buscando uma abordagem dialógica e fenomenológica da experiência do cliente. Considerando analogicamente a imagem de uma casa, examina a situação clínica enquanto oportunidades de acesso do psicoterapeuta ao mundo subjetivo do cliente e distingue formas de intervenção utilizando o sintoma, a experiência do cliente e suas crenças, correlacionando-as aos processos de explicação e compreensão dos significados trazidos ao processo psicoterapêutico. Finalmente, pondera sobre o papel da linguagem como fator de ressignificação das vivências e significados trabalhados no contexto da psicoterapia, ressaltando a necessidade de não perder de vista a pessoa em sua integralidade...

This article intends to think about difficulties and possible ways to Gestalt Therapy’s practical clinic, searching for a phenomenological and dialogical approach to client’s experience. Analogically considering the image of a house, studies the clinical situation as an opportunity for the psychotherapist to access the client’s subjective world and find ways of touching the client through his symptoms, experiences and beliefs, linking all of them to a process of explanation and understanding of its meanings. Finally, wonders about language’s function to reframe experiences and feelings dealt during psychotherapy, emphasizing the need of thinking on the whole person, considering his integrality...

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las dificultades y los posibles caminos para la práctica clínica en terapia Gestalt, la búsqueda de un enfoque fenomenológico y dialógica de la experiencia del cliente. Teniendo en cuenta de manera similar a la imagen de una casa, se examina la situación clínica como oportunidades para el acceso al mundo subjetivo de la psicoterapeuta y el cliente que distingue a las formas de intervención a través del síntoma, la experiencia del cliente y las creencias, correlacionándolos con los procesos de explicación y la comprensión de significados aportado al proceso psicoterapéutico. Por último, reflexionar sobre el papel del lenguaje como un factor que la redefinición de las experiencias y los significados trabajado en el contexto de la psicoterapia, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de no perder de vista de la persona en su totalidad...

Reflexões sobre a prática clínica em Gestalt-terapia: possibilidades de acesso à experiência do cliente / Reflexiones sobre la práctica en Terapia Gestalt: posibilidades para el acceso a la experiencia del cliente / Reflections about the clinical practice in Gestalt-therapy: possibilities for access to client experience

Este artigo pretende refletir acerca das dificuldades e caminhos possíveis para a prática clínica em Gestalt-terapia, buscando uma abordagem dialógica e fenomenológica da experiência do cliente. Considerando analogicamente a imagem de uma casa, examina a situação clínica enquanto oportunidades de acesso do psicoterapeuta ao mundo subjetivo do cliente e distingue formas de intervenção utilizando o sintoma, a experiência do cliente e suas crenças, correlacionando-as aos processos de explicação e compreensão dos significados trazidos ao processo psicoterapêutico. Finalmente, pondera sobre o papel da linguagem como fator de ressignificação das vivências e significados trabalhados no contexto da psicoterapia, ressaltando a necessidade de não perder de vista a pessoa em sua integralidade.(AU)

This article intends to think about difficulties and possible ways to Gestalt Therapy’s practical clinic, searching for a phenomenological and dialogical approach to client’s experience. Analogically considering the image of a house, studies the clinical situation as an opportunity for the psychotherapist to access the client’s subjective world and find ways of touching the client through his symptoms, experiences and beliefs, linking all of them to a process of explanation and understanding of its meanings. Finally, wonders about language’s function to reframe experiences and feelings dealt during psychotherapy, emphasizing the need of thinking on the whole person, considering his integrality.(AU)

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las dificultades y los posibles caminos para la práctica clínica en terapia Gestalt, la búsqueda de un enfoque fenomenológico y dialógica de la experiencia del cliente. Teniendo en cuenta de manera similar a la imagen de una casa, se examina la situación clínica como oportunidades para el acceso al mundo subjetivo de la psicoterapeuta y el cliente que distingue a las formas de intervención a través del síntoma, la experiencia del cliente y las creencias, correlacionándolos con los procesos de explicación y la comprensión de significados aportado al proceso psicoterapéutico. Por último, reflexionar sobre el papel del lenguaje como un factor que la redefinición de las experiencias y los significados trabajado en el contexto de la psicoterapia, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de no perder de vista de la persona en su totalidad.(AU)

A formação do aluno na graduação em Psicologia pela Pedagogia de Paulo Freire / Paulo Freire’s Educational Approach to the student in the undergraduation in Psychology / La formación del alumno en la graduación en Psicología por la Pedagogía de Paulo Freire

O presente artigo consiste em um estudo teórico sobre os processos intersubjetivos na formação universitária do estudante da graduação em Psicologia. Consideramos a relação entre professor e aluno base formadora para a atitude ética do futuro psicólogo, entendido este como agente de transformação. Discutimos como os processos relacionais vividos em sala de aula entre professor e aluno propiciam a experiência transformadora e ética no próprio aluno por meio da afirmação e da confirmação de sua condição subjetiva. Tomamos a noção de produção de subjetividade em sua gênese a partir do encontro dialógico, e apresentamos a dialogicidade como recurso de intervenção do professor diante do contexto da formação universitária do estudante de Psicologia. Fizemos uma costura teórica entre diferentes autores, em uma interlocução que terá como eixo principal a perspectiva de educação libertadora proposta por Paulo Freire em sua abordagem dialógica....(AU)

This work is a theorical work about the intersubjective processes that occur in classroom among the teacher and the students during the period of the undergraduation in psychology. Our purpose was to discuss how those relational processes interfere in bringing an ethic condition to the future psychologist as we considered this professional charged with the task of transformation. We indicated that subjectivity comes from the dialogical meeting in the relational processes during the undergraduation in psychology. We gave emphasis to the dialogical methodology as the most valid resource a teacher can have in classroom in the context of university. We proposed an interchange of speech among different authors in which Paulo Freire’s educational dialogical approach was the center of the discussion....(AU)

El presente artículo consiste en un estudio teórico sobre los procesos intersubjetivos en la formación universitaria del estudiante de graduación en Psicología. Consideramos la relación entre profesor y alumno base formadora para la actitud ética del futuro psicólogo, entendido éste como agente de transformación. Discutimos como los procesos relacionales vividos en sala de clase entre profesor y alumno propician la experiencia transformadora y ética en el propio alumno por medio de la afirmación y de la confirmación de su condición subjetiva. Tomamos la noción de producción de subjetividad en su génesis a partir del encuentro dialógico, y presentamos la dialogicidad como recurso de intervención del profesor delante del contexto de la formación universitaria del estudiante de Psicología. Hicimos una costura teórica entre diferentes autores, en una interlocución que tendrá como eje principal la perspectiva de educación libertadora propuesta por Paulo Freire en su abordaje dialógico....(AU)

A formação do aluno na graduação em Psicologia pela Pedagogia de Paulo Freire / Paulo Freire’s Educational Approach to the student in the undergraduation in Psychology / La formación del alumno en la graduación en Psicología por la Pedagogía de Paulo Freire

O presente artigo consiste em um estudo teórico sobre os processos intersubjetivos na formação universitária do estudante da graduação em Psicologia. Consideramos a relação entre professor e aluno base formadora para a atitude ética do futuro psicólogo, entendido este como agente de transformação. Discutimos como os processos relacionais vividos em sala de aula entre professor e aluno propiciam a experiência transformadora e ética no próprio aluno por meio da afirmação e da confirmação de sua condição subjetiva. Tomamos a noção de produção de subjetividade em sua gênese a partir do encontro dialógico, e apresentamos a dialogicidade como recurso de intervenção do professor diante do contexto da formação universitária do estudante de Psicologia. Fizemos uma costura teórica entre diferentes autores, em uma interlocução que terá como eixo principal a perspectiva de educação libertadora proposta por Paulo Freire em sua abordagem dialógica.(AU)

This work is a theorical work about the intersubjective processes that occur in classroom among the teacher and the students during the period of the undergraduation in psychology. Our purpose was to discuss how those relational processes interfere in bringing an ethic condition to the future psychologist as we considered this professional charged with the task of transformation. We indicated that subjectivity comes from the dialogical meeting in the relational processes during the undergraduation in psychology. We gave emphasis to the dialogical methodology as the most valid resource a teacher can have in classroom in the context of university. We proposed an interchange of speech among different authors in which Paulo Freire’s educational dialogical approach was the center of the discussion.(AU)

El presente artículo consiste en un estudio teórico sobre los procesos intersubjetivos en la formación universitaria del estudiante de graduación en Psicología. Consideramos la relación entre profesor y alumno base formadora para la actitud ética del futuro psicólogo, entendido éste como agente de transformación. Discutimos como los procesos relacionales vividos en sala de clase entre profesor y alumno propician la experiencia transformadora y ética en el propio alumno por medio de la afirmación y de la confirmación de su condición subjetiva. Tomamos la noción de producción de subjetividad en su génesis a partir del encuentro dialógico, y presentamos la dialogicidad como recurso de intervención del profesor delante del contexto de la formación universitaria del estudiante de Psicología. Hicimos una costura teórica entre diferentes autores, en una interlocución que tendrá como eje principal la perspectiva de educación libertadora propuesta por Paulo Freire en su abordaje dialógico.(AU)