Diet and risk for hernia: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: The relationship between dietary factors and hernias is currently unclear. Methods: The UK Biobank was used to extract dietary factors that were used as exposures, including intake of alcohol, non-oily fish, beef, fresh fruit, oily fish, salad/raw vegetables, dried fruit, coffee, cereal, salt, tea, water, cooked vegetables, cheese, Lamb/mutton, pork, poultry, processed meat, and bread. The FinnGen biobank was used to obtain GWAS data on hernias as outcomes. The main analysis of this study was performed using the weighted median, MR-Egger, and IVW methods. Cochran's Q test was utilized to assess heterogeneity. To find potential outliers, the MR-PRESSO method was used. Leave-one-out analysis was employed to assess the IVW method's robustness. Results: Alcoholic consumption per week (OR: 0.614; p = 0.00614) reduced the risk of inguinal hernia. Alcohol intake frequency (OR: 1.309; p = 0.0477) increased the risk of ventral hernia (mainly including incisional hernia and parastomal hernia). The intake of non-oily fish (OR: 2.945; p = 0.0214) increased the risk of inguinal hernia. Salt added to food (OR: 1.841; p = 0.00267) increased the risk of umbilical hernia. Cheese intake (OR: 0.434; p = 0.000536) and dried fruit intake (OR: 0.322; p = 0.00716) decreased the risk of ventral hernia, while cooked vegetable intake (OR: 4.475; p = 0.0380) increased the risk of ventral hernia. No causal relationships were found with hernias from other dietary factors. Conclusion: Inguinal, umbilical, and ventral hernias are all related to dietary factors.

Charting the microplastic menace: A bibliometric analysis of pollution in Malaysian mangroves and polypropylene bioaccumulation assessment in Anadara granosa.

According to a bibliometric analysis, studies on microplastic pollution in Malaysia are still incomprehensive. This study found microplastic contamination in sediment (97 particles/kg) and water (10,963 particles/m3) samples from Malaysian mangroves. Sediment from Matang and water from Kuala Selangor recorded the highest microplastic concentrations at 140 ± 5.13 particles/kg and 13,350 ± 37.95 particles/m3, respectively. Fragmented, blue, rayon and particles of <0.1 mm microplastic were the most abundant in sediment and water. In an experiment of polypropylene microplastic uptakes, Anadara granosa was found to uptake more 0.1 mm fiber particles. The uptake is strongly correlated to the presence of microplastics in sediment and water. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) indicates that a consumer could ingest 507 microplastic particles/year by consuming contaminated A. granosa. Therefore, mitigating measures are crucial to safeguard aquatic systems and humans from microplastic pollution.

Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating in disadvantaged adults living in the UK: a scoping review.

In the UK people living in disadvantaged communities are less likely than those with higher socio-economic status to have a healthy diet. To address this inequality, it is crucial scientists, practitioners and policy makers understand the factors that hinder and assist healthy food choice in these individuals. In this scoping review, we aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy eating among disadvantaged individuals living in the UK. Additionally, we used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to synthesise results and provide a guide for the development of theory-informed behaviour change interventions. Five databases were searched, (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for articles assessing healthy dietary intake of disadvantaged adults living in the UK. A total of 50 papers (34 quantitative; 16 qualitative) were included in this review. Across all studies we identified 78 barriers and 49 facilitators found to either impede and/or encourage healthy eating. Both barriers and facilitators were more commonly classified under the Environmental, Context and Resources TDF domain, with 74% of studies assessing at least one factor pertaining to this domain. Results thus indicate that context related factors such as high cost and accessibility of healthy food, rather than personal factors, such as lack of efficiency in healthy lifestyle drive unhealthy eating in disadvantaged individuals in the UK. We discuss how such factors are largely overlooked in current interventions and propose that more effort should be directed towards implementing interventions that specifically target infrastructures rather than individuals.

Nutritional status and dietary intake among Nigerian adolescent: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The prevailing nutritional conditions and the triple challenge of malnutrition faced by adolescents have adverse consequences for both the present and future generations' health and nutrition. Summarizing the available research on the nutritional status and dietary habits of adolescents in Nigeria is crucial. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically evaluate available literature on the nutritional status of adolescent aged 10 to 19years in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A systematic search using PRISMA guideline was conducted. Three electronic databases were searched i.e., PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using specific terms and keywords for online articles published between 2013 and 2023. After applying specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 articles were selected for data extraction, synthesis and quality assessment. RESULTS: Of the 51 included studies, 78.4% were conducted in the Southern Nigeria, 11.8% in the Northern Nigeria and 9.8% included both regions. The prevalence of overweight ranged between 0.8 and 31% and obesity ranged between 0.1 and 14%. The prevalence of thinness, stunting and underweight ranged between 3 and 31%, 0.4 to 41.6%, 0.3 to 73.3% respectively. The review also identified an inadequate intake of essential nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, C, D, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, cobalamin, and folate, with vitamin A deficiency prevalence ranges from 44 to 96%. The dietary patterns were characterized by a high consumption of cereals grains and starchy foods, low animal proteins, fast-food with soft drinks, and limited consumption of fruits and vegetables along with meal skipping. CONCLUSION: These findings portray a complex picture of the nutritional challenges faced by this demographic group, highlighting both undernutrition and overnutrition, poor eating behaviour and micronutrient deficiency as significant concerns. The review revealed regional disparities in research representation, with a concentration of studies in Southern Nigeria. This highlights the importance of directing research efforts toward the northern regions, where the prevalence of nutritional issues is equally severe, but less studied. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42023481095.

Changes in daily intake of nutrients and foods including confectionery after the initiation of empagliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: It is unclear how dietary intake changes after sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment is started in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We performed a non-controlled, open-label study that enrolled 51 patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were newly administered empagliflozin, and their dietary habits were examined using a self-administered diet history questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 24 weeks. We investigated the association of changes in HbA1c and body weight with changes in energy, nutrient, and food group intakes. RESULTS: At 24 weeks after the start of the study, HbA1c improved significantly and body weight decreased. In the food group, only the intake of confectionery increased, and there were no significant differences in the association between changes in HbA1c and body weight and changes in energy, nutrient, and food group intakes after 24 weeks. However, a significant negative correlation was found between change in HbA1c after 4 weeks and change in energy intake after 24 weeks, and principal component analysis showed an association between change in HbA1c levels after 4 weeks and change in energy intake and some food group intakes including confectionery after 24 weeks. CONCLUSION: In this study, after 24 weeks of treatment with empagliflozin, only intake of confectionery increased. Early assessment by dietitians after initiation of SGLT2i treatment might be important because our data suggested that the reduction in blood glucose levels after the start of empagliflozin was associated with a subsequent increase in energy intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) on September 5, 2016 (registration ID, UMIN000002309|| http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ ).

Dietary calcium intake at breakfast is associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment than at dinner in Chinese adults: the CHNS cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: If the proportion of calcium intake over a whole day is related to the risk of cognitive impairment in adults is still largely unknown. This research aimed to examine the relation of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with the risk of cognitive impairment by using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 2,099 participants (including 668 cognitive impairment) in the CHNS (1997-2006) were included. The participants were categorized into 5 groups in accordance with the ratio of dietary calcium intake at dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner/breakfast). After adjustment was conducted for a series of confounding factors, Cox hazard regression modelling was performed to discuss the relation of Δ with cognitive impairment. Dietary substitution models were used to explore the changes in cognitive impairment risk when a 5% dietary calcium intake at dinner was replaced with dietary calcium intake at breakfast. RESULTS: Participants in the highest distribution of Δ showed a greater susceptibility to cognitive impairment than those in the lowest quintile, with an adjusted hazard ratio of cognitive impairment of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.08-1.76). When maintaining total calcium intake, substituting 5% of dietary calcium intake at dinner with calcium intake at breakfast was related to an 8% decrease in the risk of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dietary calcium intake at dinner was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, emphasizing the importance of appropriately distributing dietary calcium intake between breakfast and dinner.

Associations between dietary iron intake from different sources and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide public health problem. Current evidence on the association between dietary iron intake and the risk of NAFLD is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of animal-derived dietary iron (ADDI) intake, plant-derived dietary iron (PDDI) intake, and the ratio of PDDI:ADDI with NAFLD risk among U.S. adult population. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This was a repeated cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. NAFLD was defined as a United States Fatty Lives Index ≥30, and dietary iron intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall in-terviews. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to examine the associations between dietary iron intake from different sources and NAFLD risk. RESULTS: A total of 9478 participants aged ≥20 years were enrolled in the present study. After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, relative to the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of NAFLD for the highest quartile was 1.01(95% CI, 0.82-1.24) for ADDI intake, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.64-0.99) for PDDI intake, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.81-1.24) for the PDDI: ADDI intake ratio. In stratified analysis by sex and age, the significantly negative associations of PDDI intake with NAFLD was observed in women and participants older than 45 years. Dose-response analyses indicated that NAFLD was negatively associated with PDDI intake in a non-linear manner. CONCLUSIONS: PDDI intake was negatively associated with NAFLD in U.S. adults.

Levels of Rare Earth Elements in Food and Human Dietary Exposure: A Review.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group consisting of the following 17 metals: Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Pm, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y and Yb. In the current century, the number of applications of REEs has significantly increased. They are being used as components in high technology devices of great importance industrial/economic. However, information on the risk of human exposure to REEs, as well as the potential toxic effects of these elements is still limited. In general terms, dietary intake is the main route of exposure to metals for non-occupationally exposed individuals, which should be also expected for REEs. The current paper aimed at reviewing the studies -conducted over the world- that focused on determining the levels of REEs in foods, as well as the dietary intake of these elements. Most studies do not suggest potential health risk for consumers of freshwater and marine species of higher consumption, or derived from the intake of a number of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, as well as other various foodstuffs (honey, tea, rice, etc.). The current estimated daily intake (EDI) of REEs does not seem to be of concern. However, considering the expected wide use of these elements in the next years, it seems to be clearly recommendable to assess periodically the potential health risk of the dietary exposure to REEs. This is already being done with well-known toxic elements such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg, among other potentially toxic metals.

Associations of dietary magnesium intake with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: A prospective study in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: The association between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations of dietary Mg intake with the risk of ASCVD events and mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 149,929 participants (4603 with type 2 diabetes) from the UK Biobank were included in the analyses. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Furthermore, interactions of dietary Mg intake with type 2 diabetes status were examined on multiplicative and additive scales. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.0 and 12.1 years, 7811 incident ASCVD events and 5000 deaths (including 599 ASCVD deaths) were documented, respectively. There were significantly negative associations between sufficient dietary Mg intake (equal to or greater than the recommended daily intake) and the risk of ASCVD incidence (HR 0.63 [95 % CI 0.49;0.82]), ASCVD mortality (0.45 [0.24;0.87]), and all-cause mortality (0.71 [0.52;0.97]) in participants with type 2 diabetes, whereas no significant association was observed in participants without type 2 diabetes (1.01 [0.94;1.09] for ASCVD incidence; 1.25 [0.93;1.66] for ASCVD mortality; 0.97 [0.88;1.07] for all-cause mortality). Multiplicative and additive interactions of dietary Mg intake with type 2 diabetes status were both observed. CONCLUSION: Sufficient dietary Mg intake was significantly associated with lower risks of ASCVD events and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes but not in those without type 2 diabetes. Our findings provide insight into the importance of dietary Mg intake for reducing modifiable cardiovascular burden in individuals with type 2 diabetes, which may inform future personalized dietary guidelines.

The Association Between Psoriasis and Trace Element Serum Levels and Dietary Intake: Results from USA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Objective: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease. However, trace elements are essential to biochemical processes of the skin, it is suspected that the trace elements are vital in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Our research is aimed to investigate the association between serum levels and dietary intake levels of selenium, zinc, and copper with psoriasis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011 to 2014 to examine the association between psoriasis and serum concentration and dietary intake of trace elements including copper, zinc, and selenium in the US individuals. Our research combined two cycles and weighted the data. Student's t-tests and χ2 test were used. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted by IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and EmpowerStats. Results: This study indicates that the population with psoriasis has a lower dose of dietary intake selenium than the controls, and risk analysis showed that the men with selenium daily intake >150 mcg/day have a decreasing risk for psoriasis compared to those with daily intaking selenium <75 mcg/day. However, there are no differences on daily intake of selenium, zinc, and copper and serum levels of Zinc and Copper between psoriasis and healthy controls. The current study showed that the psoriasis group was significantly older with a bigger waist circumference, a higher education level, a higher ratio of people with smoke every day, and a higher ratio of people in USA and being non-Hispanic White. Conclusion: This cross-section study showed that a high selenium intake may benefit USA adults from psoriasis, especially for males. The social and cultural background and ethnic differences between the two groups influence the eating and living models, including the trace element intake. The national recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) might be considered to be modified with more reliable investigative clinical data and certain considering the social and cultural models.

The Association of Oral Processing Factors and Nutrient Intake in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

CONTEXT: Oral health and food oral-processing issues emerge with functional decline in the older adult population, potentially increasing the risk of malnutrition. Impairment of oral health is associated with poorer nutrition status; however, the relationship between oral factors and the intake of each nutrient remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The associations between different oral factors and nutrient intakes among community-dwelling older adults were investigated. DATA SOURCES: A literature search from 5 databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid [MEDLINE and Embase], and CINAHL) was completed on February 1, 2022. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published between the years 2012 and 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: Six cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two authors independently completed the data extraction and summarized the study characteristics, factors adjusted for in the statistical analysis, the outcome, and summary statistics of the results. DATA ANALYSIS: Meta-analyses showed evidence of a significant association between compromised oral factors (namely, denture status, chewing ability, and the number of teeth) with lower energy (weighted mean difference [WMD], -107 kcal d-1 (95% CI, -132 to -81), protein (WMD, -5.2 g d-1; 95% CI, -6.6 to -3.8), fat (WMD, -4.6 g d-1; 95% CI, -6.7 to -2.6), carbohydrate (WMD, -8.8 g d-1; 95% CI, -13.9 to -3.7), and vitamin C intakes (WMD, -12.9 mg d-1; 95% CI, -16.6 to -9.2) in older adults. CONCLUSION: Oral health can be an indicator of compromised daily energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and vitamin C intakes in older adults. However, the small sample size of the studies included in this review and the heterogeneity among macronutrient studies should be considered. Because of the lack of studies covering all aspects of food oral processing (eg, salivary flow rate, tongue pressure), the associations between oral processing and nutrient intake were not thoroughly explored. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022308823.

Comparison of the Dietary Intake After Gastrectomy Between Male and Female Patients With Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the postoperative dietary intake (DI) loss between men and women after radical resection for early gastric cancer (GC), and to identify effective nutritional support for both sexes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study enrolled patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC. DI was assessed using the food frequency questionnaire containing 82 food items (FFQW82) during nutritional counseling before surgery and one and three months postoperatively. RESULTS: The median preoperative DI of all participants was 1,856.3 kcal/day, and DI at 1 and 3 months were 1,532.5 kcal/day and 1,637 kcal/day, respectively. The median preoperative DI was 1805 kcal/day (1,300-2,330 kcal/day) and 1481 kcal/day (1,126-1,957 kcal/day) in men and women, respectively (p<0.0001). The median DI at 1 month was 1627 (1,101-2,195) kcal/day and 1,308 (986-1,915) kcal/day in men and women, respectively (p<0.0001). At 3 months postoperatively, the median DI was 1737 (1,130-2,443) kcal/day in men and 1428 (816-2,005) kcal/day in women (p<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the DI loss rate at 1 month (median: -9.7% vs. -9.3%, p=0.765) and 3 months (median: -3.5% vs. -4.8%, p=0.137) between men and women. CONCLUSION: Although the DI loss rate in men and women after gastrectomy for GC was almost similar, the postoperative DI and DI loss differed significantly. Therefore, differences in DI loss after gastrectomy between men and women should be considered while assessing the efficacy of additional nutritional support such as oral nutritional supplements after gastrectomy.

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the meat of Polish farm animals and game - Occurrence, profiles and dietary intake.

Meat from farm animals (pigs, cattle and poultry) and game (wild boar and deer) was analysed in terms of thirteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Wild boar muscle tissue was statistically significantly more contaminated than muscle tissue from other animals, and the species order of the lower-bound (LB) sum of four (∑4) PFAS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid) concentrations was wild boar > cattle > deer > pigs > poultry. None of the samples exceeded the maximum levels set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915. Linear PFOS was the most frequently detected compound (in 21 % of all samples analysed and 100 % of wild boar samples), reaching its highest concentration of 1.87 µg/kg wet weight in wild boar. Dietary intake was estimated on the basis of the average per-serving consumption of pork, beef and poultry, and in the absence of such data for game, a 100 g portion was used for the calculation. Mean LB∑4 PFAS concentrations led to intakes between 0.000 and 1.75 ng/kg body weight (BW) for children and 0.000 and 0.91 ng/kg BW for adults. The potential risk to consumers was assessed in relation to the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg BW established by the European Food Safety Authority in 2020. Exposure associated with the consumption of poultry, pork, beef and venison was negligible, being only <1 % of the TWI for children and adults; higher exposure was found to associate with the consumption of wild boar, being 63 % and 21 % of the TWI for children and adults, respectively. The findings of this research suggest that the intake of PFASs through the consumption of meat from Polish livestock and deer is unlikely to be a health concern. However, frequent consumption of wild boar meat could be a significant source of PFASs.

Contamination characteristics and dietary intake risk of brominated flame retardants in fishes around a typical e-waste dismantling site in Southern China.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their substitutes, novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), are ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment of electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling region, leading to their inevitable absorption and accumulation by aquatic organisms, which can be transferred to human via directly aquatic product consumption or through food chain, thereby posing potential health risks. This study focused on fish samples from Guiyu and its surrounding areas, and found the total PBDEs concentrations were 24-7400 ng/g lw (mean: 1800 ng/g lw) and the total NBFRs concentrations were 14 to 2300 ng/g lw (mean: 310 ng/g lw). Significant positive correlations were found among PBDE congeners, among different NBFRs, and between NBFRs and commercial PBDEs that they replace. ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs in the intestine were 620-350,000 and 91-81,000 ng/g lw (mean: 83000 and 12,000 ng/g lw, respectively), significantly exceeding those in the gills, where ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs were 14-37,000 and 39-45,000 ng/g lw (mean: 9200 and 2400 ng/g lw, respectively). The ΣPBDEs and ΣNBFRs showed no non-carcinogenic risks to the target population through dietary intake. Despite the significantly higher daily intake of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) compared to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), the non-carcinogenic risk associated with BDE209 remained higher than that of DBDPE. Our findings can assist researchers in understanding the presence of BFRs in aquatic organisms, inhabiting e-waste dismantling areas, and in evaluating the associated health risks posed to humans through dietary exposure.

Diet quality, diet motives, and nutrition literacy of vegans, vegetarians, and semi-vegetarians.

OBJECTIVE: Limited research is available on how motivations to adopt plant-based diets and nutrition literacy influence diet quality. This study assessed diet quality, diet motives and nutrition literacy in vegans, vegetarians, and semi-vegetarians, and investigated predictors of dietary quality. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, participants completed an online survey about diet-related motives and nutrition literacy. Dietary intake was assessed with the Diet History Questionnaire III and diet quality was calculated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. A one-way ANCOVA was used to compare diet quality, nutrition literacy, and diet motives among diets. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of diet quality. SETTING: Online survey, participants were recruited through paid targeted social media (Facebook/Instagram) advertising. PARTICIPANTS: Adults following a plant-based diet, including 117 (52.5%) vegans, 51 (22.9%) vegetarians, and 55 (24.6%) semi-vegetarians. RESULTS: Vegans had higher HEI-2015 scores (80.8±6.5, p<0.001) compared to vegetarians (75.1±9.1), and semi-vegetarians (76.8±7.5). Most participants (74%) had good nutrition literacy scores. Total nutrition literacy did not differ between groups, but vegans had higher vegetarian nutrition literacy than vegetarians and semi-vegetarians (p<0.001). Ecological welfare, health, and sensory appeal were highly important to all participants. Motives accounted for 12.8% of the variance in diet quality scores. HEI-2015 scores were positively associated with motives of health and natural content, but negatively associated with weight control motivation (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals following plant-based dietary patterns have high diet quality and nutrition literacy. Messages valuing intrinsic over extrinsic factors may facilitate healthier dietary adherence in this population.

Longitudinal associations between psychosomatic and emotional status and selected food portion sizes in European children and adolescents: IDEFICS/I.Family study.

This study aims to investigate the influence of psychosomatic and emotional status on food portion sizes (PSs) consumption from high energy-dense food groups in European children and adolescents. We hypothesized that psychosomatic and emotional status would have a significant association with the PS selection of energy-dense food. The study included 7355 children aged between 2 and 9.9 years at baseline (T0) (48.8% females); 3869 after 2 years (T1) (48.2% females), and 2971 (51.8% females) after 6 years of follow-up (T3). Psychosomatic and emotional status were measured using emotional well-being during the last week score (KINDL) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. PS was calculated from daily food intake recorded in 24-hour dietary recalls. The associations between emotional status indicators and PS from selected energy-dense food groups were assessed by multilevel linear regression models. In the cross-sectional analysis, we observed that higher KINDL scores were linked to lower PS consumption from sweet bakery products and savory snacks in both genders. Moreover, we found that adolescent females with high emotional and peer problem scores tended to consume larger PS of carbohydrate-rich and sugar-fatty food items (P < .017). Longitudinally, higher peer problem scores were associated with increased PS from bread and rolls, margarine and lipids, and dairy products in all genders and age groups (P< .017). In adolescents, psychosomatic and emotional status could be a trigger for consuming large PS from carbohydrate-rich and sugar-fatty energy-dense foods. Thus, nutritional interventions should consider emotional status to decrease unhealthy dietary habits in children and adolescents.

The Association between Diet-Exercise Patterns and Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2017-March 2020.

BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis (LC) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease worldwide. Nutrition may be an important component of primary prevention of chronic liver disease. Diet-exercise patterns frame the eating behaviors and exercise habits of people through statistical methods related to nutritional epidemiology, which can explore the relationship between living habits and diseases among diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between diet-exercise patterns and cirrhosis, and provide guidance on preventive diets for liver patients. METHODS: This study identified diet-exercise patterns via clustering analysis of principal components and assessed their association with cirrhosis through the population samples of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to March 2020. RESULTS: We identified two diet-exercise patterns that were named the "prudent pattern" (consumption of various staple foods, eggs, meat, fruits and vegetables; less sedentary) and the "dangerous pattern" (higher consumption of desserts, nuts, milk, meat, alcoholic beverages; recreational activities). The t-test demonstrated a significant relationship between patterns and multiple foods. The simple logistic regression test showed a lower risk of cirrhosis in those in the "prudent pattern" (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.59-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Two diet-exercise patterns associated with cirrhosis were identified: "prudent pattern" and "dangerous pattern". The results of this study may be useful for suggesting preventive diets for people at risk of cirrhosis.

Relationship between Frequency of Meals Comprising Staple Grain, Main, and Side Dishes and Nutritional Adequacy in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Meals comprising a staple grain, a main, and side dishes (SMS meals) promote good dietary intake, yet limited studies have examined their multifactorial relationship with dietary intake. We investigated how demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary habits affect the relationship between SMS meal frequency and nutrient intake adequacy. This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 331 Japanese adults (208 men and 123 women) aged 30-69 years in February 2019. SMS meal frequency was evaluated according to respondents' answers to how many days a week they consumed ≥2 daily SMS meals. Dietary intake was evaluated using the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Differences in nutrient intake adequacy among groups according to SMS meal frequency were determined using multiple logistic regression. Less frequent SMS meals correlated with a lower intake of protein, water-soluble vitamins, and certain minerals, with more individuals falling below the estimated average requirement for nutrient intake. However, no relationship was found between SMS meal frequency and nutrient intake concerning tentative dietary goals for preventing lifestyle-related diseases. Our findings indicate that adopting SMS meals could achieve adequate intake of some nutrients and enhance overall diet quality among Japanese adults.

Maternal gluten, cereal, and dietary fiber intake during pregnancy and lactation and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the child.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal gluten intake in relation to child's risk of type 1 diabetes has been studied in few prospective studies considering the diet during pregnancy but none during lactation. Our aim was to study whether gluten, cereals, or dietary fiber in maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation is associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring. METHODS: We included 4943 children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study, born between 1996 and 2004. Maternal intake of gluten, different types of cereals, and dietary fiber were derived from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire covering the eighth month of pregnancy and the third month of lactation. Children were monitored for islet autoantibodies up to age of 15 years and type 1 diabetes until year 2017. Risk of islet autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes were estimated using Cox regression model, adjusted for energy intake, child's sex, HLA genotype, and familial diabetes. RESULTS: Altogether 312 children (6.4%) developed islet autoimmunity at median age of 3.5 (IQR 1.7, 6.6) years and 178 children (3.6%) developed type 1 diabetes at median age of 7.1 (IQR 4.3, 10.6) years. Gluten intake during pregnancy was not associated with islet autoimmunity (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.68, 1.35), per 1 g/MJ increase in intake nor type 1 diabetes (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.62, 1.50) in the offspring. Higher barley consumption during lactation was associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes (HR 3.25; 95% CI 1.21, 8.70) per 1 g/MJ increase in intake. Maternal intake of other cereals or dietary fiber was not associated with the offspring outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We observed no association between maternal intake of gluten, most consumed cereals, or dietary fiber during pregnancy or lactation and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in children from a high-risk population.

Associations of nutrition impact symptoms with depression in patients with advanced cancer.

PURPOSE: Advanced cancer patients have nutrition impact symptoms (NISs), while many of them have depressive moods. This study aimed to determine the associations of NISs with depression. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis. The dietary intake and 19 NISs in patients receiving palliative care were evaluated using 10-point scales, and the patients were categorized into two groups (non-depression and depression groups) using the cutoff based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). To determine associations between depression and the number of NISs with a score of ≥ 4, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the logistic regression model were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 225 participants were divided into the non-depression group (n = 148) and the depression group (n = 77). The prevalence of depression was 34.2%. Dietary intake was lower, and the number of NISs with a score of ≥ 4 was higher in the depression group (both p < 0.001). All NISs were more severe in the depression group. Significant differences were observed in 15 of the 19 NISs. In the logistic regression model, significantly higher adjusted ORs were observed in the groups with 4-6 NISs and 7 or more NISs with a score of ≥ 4 (10.76 [95% CI, 2.07-55.91], p = 0.016; 17.02 [95% CI, 3.08-94.22], p < 0.001) than in the group with no NISs with a score of ≥ 4. CONCLUSION: Having four or more NISs with a score ≥ 4 was associated with depression.