Realization path and connotation of the Healthy China strategy: macroscopic perspective of dietary structure and the entry of individual health consciousness.

BACKGROUND: Dietary rationality and health concept have certain influence on individual health level. This study aims to explore the characteristics and existing problems of Chinese residents' health behaviors from both macro and micro perspectives, and explore the feasibility and realization path of Healthy China strategy. METHODS: We utilized regression models to evaluate the correlation between diet and the risk of disease causes of death. By use of the linear regression analysis model, we distinguished the impact of each dimension on health literacy index at the individual level. Then, we explored the influential factors of the diet health index using the binary logit regression model. RESULTS: Increased consumption of animal-derived foods in China has contributed to the burden of non-communicable diseases. The individuals' health awareness is still weak, and the health literacy index is greatly affected by the diet, while the individual gender and age are positively correlated with the diet health index, and the individual body mass index (BMI) level is negatively correlated with the diet health index. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a comprehensive understanding of existing problems of Chinese residents' health behaviors. We have proposed a path model for the implementation of the Healthy China strategy from the perspectives of "diet health, physical health, conceptual health and environmental health," which is also a great contribution to the world.

Decoding China's anthropogenic typical pollutant discharge patterns: Long-term dynamics and hotspot transitions driven by population, diet, and sanitation.

Human activities have led to an alarming increase in pollution, resulting in widespread water contamination. A comprehensive understanding of the quantitative relationship between anthropogenic pollutant discharges and the escalating anthropogenic disturbances and environmental efforts is crucial for effective water quality management. Here we establish a Model for Estimating Anthropogenic pollutaNts diScharges (MEANS) and simulate the long-term dynamics of various types of anthropogenic discharges in China based on an unprecedented spatio-temporal dynamic parameter dataset. Our findings reveal that from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic discharges exhibited an overall trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing, with the peak occurring around 2005. During this period, the dominant pollution sources in China shifted from urban to rural areas, thereby driving the transition of hotspot pollutants from nitrogen to phosphorus in the eastern regions. The most significant drivers of anthropogenic pollutant discharges gradually shifted from population size and dietary structure to wastewater treatment and agricultural factors. Furthermore, we observed that a significant portion of China's regions still exceed the safety thresholds for pollutant discharges, with excessive levels of total phosphorus (TP) being particularly severe. These findings highlight the need for flexible management strategies in the future to address specific pollution levels and hotspots in different regions. Our study underscores the importance of considering the complex interplay between anthropogenic disturbances, environmental efforts, and long-term anthropogenic pollutant discharges for effective water pollution control.

[Analysis of diet structure of Kashin-beck disease area in Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet in 2021].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the dietary structure between healthy people and patients in KBD area of Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet. METHODS: A case-control study design was used, retrospectively select patients who had completed screening and registered in the national Kashin-Beck Disease surveillance system in 2021 in Luolong County, Qamdo, Tibet as the source population of the case group, and randomly selected people who had not been screened for Kashin-Beck disease in the same county as the control group. The self-made diet questionnaire was used to record the types of food consumption, frequency of food intake, basic information of the respondents, family size and other basic information in the past year by one-on-one interview. RESULTS: The staple food with the highest response among the patients(97.33%) was rice(rice/rice noodle), and the highest response among the healthy people(90%) was non-wheat products, non-fried pasta(bread/steamed bun/noodles/dumplings), except instant noodles.78.7% of patients chose not to eat local wheat(Tibetan noodles), and the number of non-patients who chose to eat non-local wheat(Tibetan noodles) 3-4 times a week was significantly higher than that of patients. The meat and meat products with the highest response in both patients(93.33%) and healthy people(90%) was yak meat(local). The control group also chose to consume beef(non-local/lamb/mutton/other non-processed meat), poultry and livestock offal, fish(all seawater and freshwater fish), shrimp and crabs or other seafood, and their consumption rate and intake frequency were significantly higher than those of the case group. The consumption rate and frequency of tomato, onion and garlic(garlic shoots/leek/onion/onion) and fresh eggs(egg/duck egg/quail egg/goose egg) in control group were significantly higher than those in case group. There was no significant difference in consumption rate and frequency of fruits, milk and dairy products between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In addition to the local highland barley(zanba), most people also chose to purchase rice and flour, which changed the situation of single staple food in the past. However, compared with the healthy population in the disease area, the consumption rate and intake frequency of fish, shrimp and crabs, poultry and livestock viscera, eggs(fresh eggs) and vegetables(tomatoes, scallions, ginger and garlic) in KBD patients were significantly lower, the selection of meat varieties is single, mainly local yak meat, and the overall dietary structure still presents the risk of single type and unbalanced diet.

Aging Population, Balanced Diet and China's Grain Demand.

The need to make more accurate grain demand (GD) forecasting has become a major topic in the current international grain security discussion. Our research aims to improve short-term GD prediction by establishing a multi-factor model that integrates the key factors: shifts in dietary structures, population size and age structure, urbanization, food waste, and the impact of COVID-19. These factors were not considered simultaneously in previous research. To illustrate the model, we projected China's annual GDP from 2022 to 2025. We calibrated key parameters such as conversion coefficients from animal foods to feed grain, standard person consumption ratios, and population size using the latest surveys and statistical data that were either out of date or missing in previous research. Results indicate that if the change in diets continued at the rate as observed during 2013-2019 (scenario 1), China's GD is projected to be 629.35 million tons in 2022 and 658.16 million tons in 2025. However, if diets shift to align with the recommendations in the Dietary Guideline for Chinese Residents 2022 (scenario 2), GD would be lower by 5.9-11.1% annually compared to scenario 1. A reduction in feed grain accounts for 68% of this change. Furthermore, for every 1 percentage point increase in the population adopting a balanced diet, GD would fall by 0.44-0.73 million tons annually during that period. Overlooking changes in the population age structure could lead to an overprediction of annual GDP by 3.8% from 2022 to 2025. With an aging population, China's GD would fall slightly, and adopting a balanced diet would not lead to an increase in GD but would have positive impacts on human health and the environment. Our sensitivity analysis indicated that reducing food waste, particularly cereal, livestock, and poultry waste, would have significant effects on reducing GD, offsetting the higher demand due to rising urbanization and higher incomes. These results underscore the significance of simultaneous consideration of multiple factors, particularly the dietary structure and demographic composition, resulting in a more accurate prediction of GD. Our findings should be useful for policymakers concerning grain security, health, and environmental protection.

Dietary sources apportionment and health risk assessment for trace elements among residents of the Tethys-Himalayan tectonic domain in Tibet, China.

Dietary intake of toxic elements (TEs) and essential trace elements (ETEs) can significantly impact human health. This study collected 302 samples, including 78 food, 104 drinking water, 73 cultivated topsoil, and 47 sedimentary rock from a typical area of Tethys-Himalaya tectonic domain. These samples were used to calculate the average daily dose of oral intake (ADDoral) and assess the health risks of five TEs and five ETEs. The results indicate that grain and meat are the primary dietary sources of TEs and ETEs for local residents. The intake of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) is mainly from local highland barley (66.90% and 60.32%, respectively), iron (Fe) is primarily from local grains (75.51%), and zinc (Zn) is mainly from local yak meat (60.03%). The ADDoral of arsenic (As), Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be higher than the maximum oral reference dose in all townships of study area, indicating non-carcinogenic health risks for local residents. Additionally, lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in 36.36% townships, and Cu in 81.82% townships were above the maximum oral reference dose, while As posed a carcinogenic risk throughout the study area. The concentrations of As, mercury (Hg), Pb, Mn, Cu Fe and selenium (Se) in grains were significantly correlated with those in soils. Moreover, the average concentrations of As in Proterozoic, Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous was 43.09, 12.41, 15.86 and 6.22 times higher than those in the South Tibet shell, respectively. The high concentrations of TEs and ETEs in the stratum can lead to their enrichment in soils, which, in turn, can result in excessive intake by local residents through the food chain and biogeochemical cycles . To avoid the occurrence of some diseases caused by dietary intake, it is necessary to consume a variety of exotic foods, such as high-selenium foods, foreign rice and flour in order to improve the dietary structure.

Circadian secretion rhythm of GLP-1 and its influencing factors.

Circadian rhythm is an inherent endogenous biological rhythm in living organisms. However, with the improvement of modern living standards, many factors such as prolonged artificial lighting, sedentarism, short sleep duration, intestinal flora and high-calorie food intake have disturbed circadian rhythm regulation on various metabolic processes, including GLP-1 secretion, which plays an essential role in the development of various metabolic diseases. Herein, we focused on GLP-1 and its circadian rhythm to explore the factors affecting GLP-1 circadian rhythm and its potential mechanisms and propose some feasible suggestions to improve GLP-1 secretion.

The association of healthy eating index with periodontitis in National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2011-2012.

Aim: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by periodontopathic bacteria that causes inflammation of the supporting tissues around teeth. Previous studies have found that daily dietary nutritional intake can influence the development of periodontal disease. However, research on the Healthy Eating Index's involvement in periodontitis is limited. The purpose of this study was to look at the link between the Healthy Eating Index and periodontitis. Methods and design: We examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES), a nationally representative survey that was performed in 2-year cycles from 2011 to 2012. As part of our investigation, we used multivariate logistic regression models to investigate the independent relationship between the Healthy Eating Index and periodontitis. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to assess the significance of the connection (95% CI). Results: Individuals with a lower total healthy eating index were more likely to have periodontitis. A higher healthy diet index was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis (OR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.49-0.97), according to adjusted multivariate regression models. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed that the non-linear relationship between HEI-2015 and periodontitis was statistically significant and that high HEI-2015 reduced periodontitis prevalence. Conclusion: The study's findings revealed that dietary structure was linked to the prevalence of periodontitis. Patients with a higher Healthy Eating Index were less likely to have periodontitis. There is a need for future prospective longitudinal studies to confirm causality.

Dietary magnesium intake is protective in patients with periodontitis.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation of the periodontal tissue and resorption of the alveolar bone, which has a high incidence and is the main cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition to its role in promoting osteogenesis, magnesium also has a role in regulating the inflammatory response, both systemically and locally. There is growing evidence that magnesium is an important factor in maintaining the normal functioning of the body's immune system. Hypomagnesaemia can lead to a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases throughout the body, including periodontitis. Two-thirds of the US population suffers from magnesium deficiency. The connection between dietary magnesium and periodontitis is unknown. As a result, we set out to investigate the link between dietary magnesium intake and periodontitis. Methods: In this study, we collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2013 to 2014. Through 24-h dietary recalls, information about food consumption was collected. We examined the association between the dietary magnesium and periodontitis using multivariable logistic regression model. Based on odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), a strong association was detected. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the OR for periodontitis comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.69 (95% CIs = 0.52~0.92). The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed that the non-linear association between dietary magnesium and periodontitis was statistically significant and that dietary magnesium supplementation reduced the prevalence of periodontitis. Conclusion: Dietary magnesium intake is associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Dietary magnesium deficiency increases the prevalence of periodontitis.

The association of healthy eating index with periodontitis in NHANES 2013-2014.

Background: Periodontal disease is very common worldwide and is one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal disease is characterized by chronic inflammation that can destroy adjacent alveolar bone and lead to a loss of periodontal ligaments. Although previous studies have found that a daily diet can influence the development of periodontal disease (e.g., a diet low in carbohydrates and rich in vitamins C and D and fiber can have a protective effect). Periodontal disease may present as gingivitis or periodontitis. However, studies on the role of healthy eating index in periodontitis are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between healthy eating index and periodontitis. Methods: We analyzed data collected from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey conducted in 2-year cycles from 2013 to 2014. As part of our analysis, we developed multivariate logistic regression models to examine the independent association between the healthy eating index and periodontitis. We evaluated the significance of association using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Individuals with a lower total healthy eating index had a higher prevalence of periodontitis. Adjusted multivariate regression models showed that a higher healthy diet index was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that dietary structure was associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Patients with a higher healthy eating index had a lower prevalence of periodontitis. These findings will need to be confirmed by longitudinal, prospective studies in the future.

Effects of dietary structure on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between dietary structure and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, the diet records of pregnant women admitted to the Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University between August 2017 and August 2018 were collected with the approval of the local ethics committee. Corresponding medical and clinical information of pregnant women were obtained from the medical system. The relationship between diet structure and the incidence of gestational diabetes and macrosomia was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 93 pregnant women with elevated blood sugar (including new gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus with pregnancy) were enrolled. There were 21 newborns with macrosomia. The consumption of tofu was negatively correlated with the occurrence of macrophages. The consumption of pork eaten was negatively correlated with blood sugar levels two hours after eating. The consumption of vegetables was positively correlated with the blood glucose level one hour after eating. Eggs may increase triglycerides and blood sugar, which is an important inducer of pregnancy complicated with diabetes and macrosomia. CONCLUSIONS: The diet structure of pregnant women is correlated with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus and macrosomia in pregnancy. It is recommended to eat more potato and not fried noodles with edible oil and to eat more high-quality protein, such as vegetable protein and lean pork.

Study on relationship between dietary nutrition factors and metabolic syndrome in elderly people / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective Due to the decline of gastrointestinal function, the intakes of various dietary nutrients in the elderly population are reduced to varying degrees. Among them, the reduction in vitamins and trace mineral elements is relatively greater, resulting in relative increases in the intake of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and an increased risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods In order to reduce the risk of MS in the elderly population, it is necessary to limit the intakes of the three major energy-supplying nutrients, mainly carbohydrates. The effects of vitamins and trace elements on MS are still controversial, and it is recommended to ensure normal intake. Dietary fiber has positive effects on gastrointestinal function, immune response, and glucolipid metabolism. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the intake. Results Mediterranean diet is currently confirmed to have a good effect on the prevention of MS, and the diet consists mainly of beans, nuts, vegetables and fruits, with appropriate intakes of cereals, seafood and dairy products. Plant-based diet based on vegetables, mushrooms and bean products is also beneficial to improving blood glucose and blood lipids, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of MS. Owing to the significant differences in dietary habits, health status and dietary structure among the elderly population in different regions, the significance of single and specific dietary patterns for the prevention of MS is still low. Conclusion It will become a development trend to formulate diversified and individualized dietary regimen through the reasonable increases or limitations of corresponding food intakes according to different individual nutritional levels..

[Trend of food intake from Chinese 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) adults aged 18 to 35 in 1989-2015].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of food intake from Chinese 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) adult aged 18 to 35. METHODS: Based on the data from 10 rounds follow-up survey conducted by China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1989 and 2015, adults aged 18 to 35 were selected according to the multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Dietary surveys were conducted using 24-hour dietary recall in three consecutive days, and weighing accounting method was used to investigate the consumption of condiments. Wilcoxon rank sum trend was used to test the variation trend of food intake, Cochran-Armitage trend test and Spearman rank test were used to analyze the trend of different type of food intake and the recommended intakes of dietary pagoda for Chinese residents(2016). RESULTS: The intake of fruits, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts and sugar for adults aged 18-35 in China has been increasing. Cereals and potatoes, vegetables, edible oil, cooking salt, alcohols showed a downward trend. Compared with Chinese Dietary Guidelines(2016)-summary, the number of people whose milk and dairy products lower than EAR has always exceeded 99%. The number of people whose cereals, potatoes and vegetables lower than EAR has increased from 4. 1% and 42. 3% in 1989 to 19. 2% and 67. 0% in 2015, respectively. The proportion of people whose edible oil lower than EAR and whose cooking salt higher than EAR increased, whose livestock and poultry meat higher than EAR increased from 34. 10% in 1989 to 64. 49% in 2015. CONCLUSION: There is still a high proportion of Chinese adults aged 18 to 35 who consume overmuch fat but deficiency in dietary fiber. The proportion of whose consumed cereals, potatoes, vegetables and dairy products lower than EAR and exceed EAR of meat and cooking salt shows an increasing trend. The problem of unreasonable dietary structure is still serious.

A Study on Hair Mercury Levels of University Students.

Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were measured in hair of 98 Chinese university students to study their levels of Hg exposure and influencing factors. The results showed that Hg exposure for university students was at a low level with concentrations lower than the USEPA recommended reference level (1 µg/g) across all hair samples. The percentage of MeHg to THg (%MeHg) in hair was about 50%, lower than the previously reported value of 70-100%, probably associated with the low %MeHg in the diet of university students. Fish and rice consumption were not a primary factor affecting hair Hg levels of university students, while smoking could be one main pathway of Hg exposure. In addition, the similarly dietary structure in the studied university narrowed the difference of Hg exposure levels among students.

Cancer risk and disease burden of dietary cadmium exposure changes in Shanghai residents from 1988 to 2018.

Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed toxic metal, which is mainly exposed to humans through diet. The impact of dietary guidelines on the Chinese diet structure has indirectly led to changes in dietary Cd exposure. The Chinese Dietary Guidelines were issued in 1997 and revised in 2007. Based on the time between issuance and revision, this study examined the Cd contamination levels in Shanghai foods from 1988 to 2018 and evaluated cancer risk and disease burden of dietary Cd exposure accordingly. Over the time periods of 1988-1997, 1998-2007, and 2008-2018, it was found that Cd dietary exposure of Shanghai residents showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing (39.7, 44.7, and 36.4 µg/day, respectively). In contrast to cereals, the contribution rates of meat and vegetables to Cd exposure have gradually increased over time, and aquatic foods have become the main source of Cd exposure (40.6%). Although the non-cancer risk hazard quotients of dietary Cd exposure and the excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) are relatively low (HQ < 1, ELCR < 10-4), 26.6% of Shanghai residents had a potential risk of kidney injury calculated by toxicokinetic model (TK model), and the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) have been rising (from 41.6 to 58.2). Results indicated that in the past three decades, changes of Cd contamination in food due to both limit standards and changes in dietary structure have influenced cancer risk and disease burden from Cd exposure in Shanghai residents. In summary, our study suggested that while regulating the contamination in foods, attention should also be paid to the potential impacts of dietary structure and guidelines on the exposure of pollutants.

Impacts of Nutrition Subsidies on Diet Diversity and Nutritional Outcomes of Primary School Students in Rural Northwestern China-Do Policy Targets and Incentives Matter?

Many developing countries have implemented nutrition intervention programs to reduce child malnutrition. However, the effectiveness of these programs differs greatly, and it remains unclear what is causing the differences in effectiveness across different programs. To shed some light on this issue, this article examines the role the specificity of policy targets, along with the incentives attached, plays in affecting the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs. More specifically, we examined how different policy targets (and the associated incentives) affect primary students' dietary structure and (thus) their nutritional and health status by analyzing a randomized intervention in rural Northwestern China that was designed with two treatment arms. The two treatments provided the same nutrition subsidy to project students but with different policy targets, one with a specific target of "anemia reduction" and the other with a general target of "malnutrition reduction". Our analysis revealed that compared to the treatment arm with only a general policy target, the treatment arm with the specific "anemia reduction" target was more effective at improving students' nutritional and health status, as measured by the incidences of being anemic and underweight, presumably through helping them develop a dietary structure with more flesh meat, bean products, vegetables, and fruits.

Exploring Spatial Trends and Influencing Factors for Gastric Cancer Based on Bayesian Statistics: A Case Study of Shanxi, China.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. To detect the spatial trends of GC risk based on hospital-diagnosed patients, this study presented a selection probability model and integrated it into the Bayesian spatial statistical model. Then, the spatial pattern of GC risk in Shanxi Province in north central China was estimated. In addition, factors influencing GC were investigated mainly using the Bayesian Lasso model. The spatial variability of GC risk in Shanxi has the conspicuous feature of being 'high in the south and low in the north'. The highest GC relative risk was 1.291 (95% highest posterior density: 0.789⁻4.002). The univariable analysis and Bayesian Lasso regression results showed that a diverse dietary structure and increased consumption of beef and cow milk were significantly (p ≤ 0.08) and in high probability (greater than 68%) negatively associated with GC risk. Pork production per capita has a positive correlation with GC risk. Moreover, four geographic factors, namely, temperature, terrain, vegetation cover, and precipitation, showed significant (p < 0.05) associations with GC risk based on univariable analysis, and associated with GC risks in high probability (greater than 60%) inferred from Bayesian Lasso regression model.

Bioaccessibility-corrected risk assessment of urban dietary methylmercury exposure via fish and rice consumption in China.

The role of seafood consumption for dietary methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is well established. Recent studies also reveal that rice consumption can be an important pathway for dietary MeHg exposure in some Hg-contaminated areas. However, little is known about the relative importance of rice versus finfish in MeHg exposure for urban residents in uncontaminated areas. Especially, the lack of data on MeHg bioaccessibility in rice hinders accurately assessing MeHg exposure via rice consumption, and its importance compared to fish. By correcting commonly used risk models with quantified MeHg bioaccessibility, we provide the first bioaccessibility-corrected comparison on MeHg risk in rice and fish for consumers in non-contaminated urban areas of China, on both city- and province-scales. Market-available fish and rice samples were cooked and quantified for MeHg bioaccessibility. Methylmercury bioaccessibility in rice (40.5±9.4%) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in fish (61.4±14.2%). This difference does not result from selenium content but may result from differences in protein or fiber content. Bioaccessibility-corrected hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated to evaluate consumption hazard of MeHg for consumers in Nanjing city, and Monte Carlo Simulations were employed to evaluate uncertainty and variability. Results indicate that MeHg HQs were 0.14 (P50) and 0.54 (P90). Rice consumption comprised 27.2% of the overall dietary exposure to MeHg in Nanjing, while fish comprised 72.8%. Employing our bioaccessibility data combined with literature parameters, calculated relative contribution to MeHg exposure from rice (versus fish) was high in western provinces of China, including Sichuan (95.6%) and Guizhou (81.5%), and low to moderate in eastern and southern provinces (Guangdong: 6.6%, Jiangsu: 17.7%, Shanghai: 15.1%, Guangxi: 20.6%, Jiangxi: 22.8% and Hunan: 25.9%). This bioaccessibility-corrected comparison of rice versus fish indicates that rice consumption can substantively contribute to dietary MeHg exposure risk for urban populations in Asia, and should be regularly included in dietary MeHg exposure assessment.

Study on the correlation between dietary structure and restenosis of patients after pereutaneous coronary intervention / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore relationship between dietary structure and restenosis of patients after PCI. Methods Select a total of 240 cases of PCI postoperative imaging review of coronary heart disease patients as the research object. General information questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire were used. Analyze the relationship between dietary structure and restenosis of patients after pereutaneous coronary intervention. Results The intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy products were 40.83%(98/240), 35.42%(85/240) and 44.58% (107/240), respectively, and the proportion of meat, grease and salt was higher in poultry, 46.25%(111/240), 73.33%(176/240) and 57.08%(137/240), and the intake of vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C and calcium were higher, 75.83% (182/240), 59.17% (142/240), 47.50% (114/240) and 54.58% (131/240) respectively; the body mass index, body fat rate and smoking history were positively correlated with restenosis after PCI (r=0.276, 0.183, 0.334, P<0.05), and the intake of thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin E, magnesium, zinc and selenium was negatively correlated with restenosis (r=-0.257--0.163, P<0.05) The body mass index, vitamin C and selenium intake were the main influencing factors of restenosis (Wald χ2=4.398, 3.928, 5.217, P<0.05). Conclusions The patients'diet structure is poor and the nutrition is unbalanced, and the clinical nursing staff should strengthen the dietary guidance to patients, which is beneficial to prevent the occurrence of restenosis.

THE NUTRITION SURVEY OF DIETARY STRUCTURE AND VITAMIN A STATUS IN LONG-HAUL TRUCK DRIVERS / 营养学报

Objective To investigate the dietary structure in long-haul truck drivers,especially their vitamin A(VA) intake,food sources and serum level.Method One hundred and forty-five long-haul truck drivers were enrolled.A 24-hour dietary recall was conducted by food frequency questionnaire using three-dimensional food models.Serum VA was measured by HPLC.Results The average intake of energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate in working days was 3.95 MJ(945 kcal/d,35.0%RNI),40.7g/d(17.2% energy),20.5g/d(19.5% energy),134.5g/d(56.9% energy) respectively.In rest days,the average intake of energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate was 11.72 MJ(2802 kcal/d,116.8%RNI),118.5g/d(15.0% energy),92.4g/d(37.7% energy),307.2g/d(38.9% energy) respectively.VA intake was 252.6?gRE/d(31.5% RNI) in working days compared to 602.3?gRE/d(75.2% RNI) in rest days.The average serum VA concentration was 583 ?g RE/L,and the prevalence of serum VA