Digital abuse among dating partners: perspectives and experiences of adolescents from two Brazilian capitals / Abuso digital entre namorados: perspectivas e experiências de adolescentes de duas capitais brasileiras

Abstract The conceptions, values, and experiences of students from public and private high schools in two Brazilian state capitals, Vitória-ES and Campo Grande-MS, were analyzed regarding digital control and monitoring between intimate partners and the unauthorized exposure of intimate material on the Internet. Data from eight focus groups with 77 adolescents were submitted to thematic analysis, complemented by a questionnaire answered by a sample of 530 students. Most students affirmed that they do not tolerate the control/monitoring and unauthorized exposure of intimate materials but recognized that such activity is routine. They point out jealousy, insecurity, and "curiosity" as their main reasons. They detail the various dynamics of unauthorized exposure of intimate material and see it as a severe invasion of privacy and a breach of trust between partners. Their accounts suggest that such practices are gender violence. They also reveal that each platform has its cultural appropriation and that platforms used by the family, such as Facebook, cause more significant damage to the victim's reputation.

Resumo Foram analisadas as concepções, valores e experiências de alunos de escolas públicas e privadas de ensino médio de duas capitais brasileiras, Vitória-ES e Campo Grande-MS, quanto ao controle e monitoramento digital entre namorados e a exposição não autorizada de material íntimo no Internet. Os dados de oito grupos focais com 77 adolescentes foram submetidos à análise temática, complementada por um questionário respondido por uma amostra de 530 alunos. A maioria dos alunos afirmou não tolerar o controle/monitoramento e exposição não autorizada de materiais íntimos, mas reconheceu que tal atividade é rotineira. Eles apontam o ciúme, a insegurança e a "curiosidade" como seus principais motivos. Eles detalham as várias dinâmicas de exposição não autorizada de material íntimo e veem isso como uma grave invasão de privacidade e uma quebra de confiança entre parceiros. Seus relatos sugerem que tais práticas são violência de gênero. Revelam também que cada plataforma tem sua apropriação cultural e que plataformas utilizadas pela família, como o Facebook, causam danos mais significativos à reputação da vítima.

Regras/rupturas do "contrato" amoroso entre adolescentes: o papel do abuso digital / Love "contract" rules/breaches: the role of digital abuse

Resumo O abuso digital nos relacionamentos íntimos constitui um tema ainda pouco estudado no Brasil, sendo tal prática muitas vezes naturalizada, especialmente entre jovens. O objetivo deste artigo é conhecer os sentidos atribuídos por adolescentes para o conjunto de regras e acordos, implícitos ou pactuados, que definem os contornos de um contrato amoroso e o papel do abuso digital nesses entendimentos estratégicos. Estudo qualitativo realizado com fontes orais primárias, a partir de quatro grupos focais com adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 15 a 18 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, totalizando 26 estudantes. A análise se pautou na perspectiva da interpretação de sentidos, com viés temático, ancorado na teoria de amor líquido de Bauman e na categoria de amor confluente de Giddens. Confiança, individualidade e intimidade foram valores considerados essenciais para a vigência de um relacionamento íntimo considerado sério. A exposição da intimidade e monitoramento sem permissão são atos que podem levar à ruptura desse contrato amoroso. Os adolescentes nos mostraram que é preciso tratar o abuso digital entre parceiros a partir da reflexão acerca das regras, dos valores e dos acordos que definem os contornos do contrato amoroso que estabelecem.

Abstract Digital abuse in intimate relationships is a topic that is still poorly studied in Brazil, and this practice is often naturalized, especially among young people. This article aims to know the meanings attributed by adolescents to the set of rules and agreements, implicit or agreed, that define the contours of a "love contract" and the role of digital abuse in these strategic understandings. Qualitative study conducted with primary oral sources, from four focus groups with adolescents from public and private schools, of both sexes, aged 15 to 18 years, totaling 26 students. The analysis was based on the perspective of the interpretation of meanings, with thematic bias, anchored in Bauman's theory of liquid love and Giddens' category of confluent love. Trust, individuality and intimacy were values ​​considered essential for the existence of an intimate relationship considered "serious". The "exposure of intimacy" and "monitoring" without permission are acts that can lead to the breakdown of this "love contract". The adolescents showed us that we need to treat digital abuse between partners by reflecting on the rules, values ​​and agreements that define the contours of the "love contract" they establish.

Nonconsensual Porn as a Form of Intimate Partner Violence: Using the Power and Control Wheel to Understand Nonconsensual Porn Perpetration in Intimate Relationships.

Over the last decade, nonconsensual porn (NCP), or the sharing of sexually explicit material without a person's consent, has become a growing problem with potentially far-reaching adverse consequences for victims. The purpose of this article is to propose and consider a framework for advancing the field's understanding of NCP within the context of intimate relationships including situating NCP relative to other forms of relational abuse. Specifically, we examined the extent to which NCP in intimate partner relationships was perpetrated using tactics from the Power and Control Wheel through a summative content analysis of U.S. news stories on NCP from 2012 to 2017. This analysis established that NCP has been perpetrated using all eight of the abuse metatactics in the Power and Control Wheel, with the three most common being emotional abuse, coercion and threats, and denial/blame/minimization. Treating NCP in relationships as a potential form of partner violence provides a basis on which to understand the etiology, manifestation, motives, and impact of this form of abuse and informs practitioners' ability to design prevention efforts and engage a trauma-informed response to survivors.

Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls.

INTRODUCTION: The current study aims to assess the prevalence, perpetrators, and consequences of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) among adolescent females. METHODS: Sexually active adolescent females (N = 159) ages 15-19 were recruited from a health clinic in a low-income, urban area of southeast San Diego County, California to complete a tablet-administered survey that included items on sexual violence and harassment, including CSH. Using logistic regression models, we assessed CSH in relation to substance use, poor mental health outcomes and STI history. RESULTS: Participants were, on average, 17 years of age and half were currently in a relationship. The majority of girls (68%) reported at least one form of CSH, which included receiving unwanted sexual messages/photos (53%), receiving unwanted messages asking them to do something sexual (49%), being pressured to send sexual photos (36%), and having sexual photos shared without permission (6%). Perpetrators included known and unknown males; almost a third (27%) reported perpetration by a relationship partner. In logistic regression models adjusting for race, CSH was associated with: past 30-day alcohol use, drug use (ever), feeling depressed (past 30 days), and feeling anxious (past 30 days) (Odds Ratios ranged: 2.9-7.5). CSH was also associated with past-year suicidal thoughts and STI diagnosis (ever) (p < 0.05, ORs not presented due to small numbers). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that in some subgroups, CSH appears to be affecting the majority of girls, which is especially concerning given its association with multiple poor health outcomes.