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La metodología de Planificación Centrada en la Persona (PCP) cada vez tiene mayor impacto en España. Comenzando desde las distintas legislaciones que regulan la atención a este colectivo en las diferentes autonomías y terminando en los centros que proveen este servicio. No obstante, existe escasa literatura internacional de estudios empíricos a grandes escalas que sitúen este enfoque metodológico en una posición relevante que garantice la eficacia de la PCP. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el estado del uso de la metodología de PCP a través de estudios avalados empíricamente que sostengan tanto beneficios como limitaciones durante los últimos 10 años (2012-2022). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática desde las directrices de PRISMA (2020), que incluye un total de 31 artículos. Como conclusión, se han descubierto más beneficios que limitaciones entre las que destacan las ventajas en su uso para las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y las mejoras de aspectos relacionados con la autodeterminación. No obstante, las limitaciones prevalecen por la falta de apoyos y recursos adecuados de las organizaciones para responder a una planificación centrada en la persona y la necesidad de formación de las personas implicadas en la elaboración de la PCP, lo que genera la incógnita de si se están realizando buenas prácticas en el uso de dicha metodología. (AU)
The methodology of Person Centered Planning (PCP) is having an increasing impact in Spain. Starting from the different legislations that regulate the attention to this group in the different autonomous regions and ending in the centers that provide this service. However, there is little international literature on large-scale empirical studies that place this methodological approach in a relevant position to guarantee the efficacy of PCP. The main objective of this study is to know the status of the use of PCP methodology through empirically supported studies that sustain both benefits and limitations during the last 10 years (2012-2022). For this purpose, a systematic review has been conducted since the PRISMA guidelines (2020), including a total of 31 articles. As a conclusion, more benefits than limitations have been found, among which the advantages in its use for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and improvements in aspects related to self-determination stand out. However, limitations prevail due to the lack of adequate support and resources from organizations to respond to person-centered planning and the need for training of the people involved in the development of the PCP, which raises the question of whether good practices are being carried out in the use of this methodology. (AU)
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Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Deficiência Intelectual , Pessoas com Deficiência , EspanhaRESUMO
La metodología de Planificación Centrada en la Persona (PCP) cada vez tiene mayor impacto en España. Comenzando desde las distintas legislaciones que regulan la atención a este colectivo en las diferentes autonomías y terminando en los centros que proveen este servicio. No obstante, existe escasa literatura internacional de estudios empíricos a grandes escalas que sitúen este enfoque metodológico en una posición relevante que garantice la eficacia de la PCP. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el estado del uso de la metodología de PCP a través de estudios avalados empíricamente que sostengan tanto beneficios como limitaciones durante los últimos 10 años (2012-2022). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática desde las directrices de PRISMA (2020), que incluye un total de 31 artículos. Como conclusión, se han descubierto más beneficios que limitaciones entre las que destacan las ventajas en su uso para las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y las mejoras de aspectos relacionados con la autodeterminación. No obstante, las limitaciones prevalecen por la falta de apoyos y recursos adecuados de las organizaciones para responder a una planificación centrada en la persona y la necesidad de formación de las personas implicadas en la elaboración de la PCP, lo que genera la incógnita de si se están realizando buenas prácticas en el uso de dicha metodología. (AU)
The methodology of Person Centered Planning (PCP) is having an increasing impact in Spain. Starting from the different legislations that regulate the attention to this group in the different autonomous regions and ending in the centers that provide this service. However, there is little international literature on large-scale empirical studies that place this methodological approach in a relevant position to guarantee the efficacy of PCP. The main objective of this study is to know the status of the use of PCP methodology through empirically supported studies that sustain both benefits and limitations during the last 10 years (2012-2022). For this purpose, a systematic review has been conducted since the PRISMA guidelines (2020), including a total of 31 articles. As a conclusion, more benefits than limitations have been found, among which the advantages in its use for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and improvements in aspects related to self-determination stand out. However, limitations prevail due to the lack of adequate support and resources from organizations to respond to person-centered planning and the need for training of the people involved in the development of the PCP, which raises the question of whether good practices are being carried out in the use of this methodology. (AU)
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Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Deficiência Intelectual , Pessoas com Deficiência , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: As societal evolution unfolds in China, individuals with physical disabilities are increasingly provided opportunities in higher education, particularly in the field of medicine. However, these medical students often encounter bias in their work environments, including during internships, which fosters self-stigma and impedes their experience for workplace well-being (WWB). Such a decrease in WWB detrimentally affects not only their mental health in the workplace but also hinders their sense of personal worth and assimilation into broader society. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by medical students with physical disabilities in China as they aspire to achieve WWB, and to explore potential intervention strategies. METHODS: Leveraging cognitive consistency theory (CCT), we introduces a conceptual framework to examine the relationships among self-stigma, perceived discrimination, and WWB. It also investigates the role of trait mindfulness as a potential mitigating factor in this dynamic. We employed the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS), Discrimination Perception Questionnaire (DPQ), Workplace Well-being Subscale (WWBS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to survey 316 medical students with physical disabilities. Statistical analyses, including correlation, regression, and moderated mediation effect assessments, were conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0. RESULTS: A notable negative correlation exists between self-stigma and WWB (r = -0.56, p < 0.01). Perceived discrimination partially mediates the relationship between self-stigma and WWB. The direct effect of self-stigma and its mediating effect through perceived discrimination account for 60.71% and 21.43% of the total effect, respectively. Trait mindfulness moderates the latter part of this mediating pathway. Moderation models indicate that trait mindfulness has a significant negative moderating effect on the impact of perceived discrimination on WWB (ß = -0.10, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Self-stigma adversely affects the positive work experiences of medical students with physical disabilities by eliciting a heightened sensitivity to discriminatory cues, thereby undermining their WWB. Trait mindfulness can effectively counter the detrimental effects of perceived discrimination on WWB. Consequently, this study advocates for the systematic incorporation of mindfulness training into educational services and workplace enhancement programs for medical students with disabilities, aiming to foster an inclusive and supportive external environment.
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Pessoas com Deficiência , Atenção Plena , Estigma Social , Estudantes de Medicina , Local de Trabalho , Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , China , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Autoimagem , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Inappropriate sexual behaviors may be observed in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), especially during adolescence. There are several undesired consequences of exhibiting such behaviors in public spaces, such as schools. The competencies and attitudes of special education teachers, who are responsible for the education of individuals with ID, are of significant influence. This study was conducted to investigate the views of special education teachers working with adolescents with ID on inappropriate sexual behaviors exhibited in educational settings. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 special education teachers. The phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, and thematic analysis were used in this study. Five themes were identified after the analysis of the findings of the study, namely, common behaviors, teacher attitudes, teacher competencies, teacher interventions, and educational content. The findings were discussed on the basis of the relevant studies in the literature and a number of conclusions were reached. Accordingly, the inappropriate sexual behaviors that special education teachers encounter the most frequently are masturbation, undressing, and touching, and when these behaviors are exhibited aggressively, teachers have difficulty in intervening. Participants regard themselves to be incompetent in terms of sexual education and consider relevant educational content inadequate.
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Female children with profound intellectual disabilities (IDs) may experience symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and depend on others' care. However, their caregivers may lack general hygiene skills and experience heightened anxiety when their care is expected. This study reports outcome of a training that aims to enhance genital hygiene skills and decrease anxiety levels of mothers of girls diagnosed with profound ID. The study was conducted in a city located in Turkey in 2020. It was designed with a randomized controlled experimental approach based on a pre-test and post-test model with experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 66 mothers of girls who were diagnosed with profound ID, did not have UTI but were at high risk of developing it. A 6-week program with 24 sessions was implemented. After the training, mothers in the experimental group changed the sanitary pad and the underwear during menstruation and gave their daughters a bath more frequently; had a higher knowledge of recognizing and preventing UTI symptoms and cleaning of the perineum area; and had significantly lower levels of anxiety. A carefully designed simulator-based training can enhance the knowledge and skills of mothers to recognize the UTI symptoms, apply their knowledge to prevent the symptoms and implement genital hygiene practices, which in turn have a positive effect on reducing their level of anxiety.
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Aim: This project sought to ascertain views and experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, their carers', and specialist intellectual disability psychiatrists as to use of telepsychiatry consultations. Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic specialist psychiatrists in intellectual disability services in the United Kingdom (UK) have explored and adopted use of telepsychiatry for psychiatric consultations. Method: An easy-read co-designed questionnaire was sent to potential respondents N = 590 potential respondents (N = 280 patients, N = 280 carers), and a separate questionnaire was sent electronically to N = 30 specialist intellectual disability psychiatrists. Findings: Responses were received from N = 192 respondents (N = 68 (24%) patients, N = 98 (35%) carers, and N = 26 (90%)) psychiatrists. Advantages of telepsychiatry cited were flexibility, and it being less disruptive to patients' routines, offering convenient practice and saving travel time and cost. Disadvantages reported included loss of rapport and relationship with patients, and an inability to conduct an effective mental state examination. Conclusion: This survey has produced equivocal evidence as to acceptability of telepsychiatry for all people with intellectual disabilities, carers and psychiatrists cannot be assumed. Some patients may need significant support to enable them to engage with such an approach.
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BACKGROUND: Internet has become an indispensable source of health-related information. However, several studies have shown there to be a lack of quality control for webpages related to disability. Specifically, available content concerning Down syndrome (DS) and dentistry is limited and of dubious quality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the quality of online content in Spanish and Portuguese on dental care for individuals with DS. METHODS: A simultaneous search in Google and Bing using the terms "Down syndrome" and "odontology/dentist/dental treatment" in Spanish and Portuguese was conducted in seven Ibero-American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Spain, Mexico, and Portugal). The first 100 consecutive pages of results from the three combinations of terms in each of the search engines were accessed and selected by applying conventional exclusion criteria. The selected pages were classified according to their authorship, specificity and dissemination potential. The quality of the online content was assessed using the DISCERN questionnaire and the Questionnaire to Evaluate Health Web Sites According to European Criteria (QEEC). The presence of the Health On Net (HON) and Accredited Medical Website (AMW) seals was also assessed. RESULTS: The mean DISCERN score was 2.51 ± 0.85 and 2.57 ± 0.86 for the Spanish and Portuguese webpages, respectively. The mean readability score was 3.43 ± 1.26 and 3.25 ± 1.08 for the Spanish and Portuguese webpages, respectively. None of the selected webpages presented the HONcode or AMW trust seals. CONCLUSIONS: The content available online in Spanish and Portuguese regarding Down syndrome and dentistry is scarce and of highly questionable quality.
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OBJECTIVES: The increase in the number of older adults with disability creates new challenges for caregivers. Benefit finding is the positive experience that caregivers get from caregiving, helping to reduce the negative impact on the caregiver's quality of life. However, there is less research on the positive experiences of family caregivers of older adults with disabilities. This study aimed to identify different benefit finding profiles among family caregivers of older adults with disabilities in China and to explore the sociodemographic characteristics and psychosocial factors with different benefit finding profiles. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 218 family caregivers of Chinese older adults with disabilities using the sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family-APGAR, the Sense of Coherence-13, the Emotion Regulation Scale and Benefit Finding Scale from October 2022 to June 2023 in communities and hospitals of China, Shenyang, Liaoning Province. Latent profile analysis was used to analyze the latent profiles of benefit finding among family caregivers of Chinese older adults with disability. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of different profiles. RESULTS: The benefit finding among family caregivers of Chinese older adults with disability can be classified into three potential profiles: Profile 1 - high-level benefit finding group (12.84%), Profile 2 - medium-level benefit finding group (43.58%), Profile 3 - low-level benefit finding group (43.58%). Working status, family function, and cognitive reappraisal of caregiver were predictors of different profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses and community health care staffs should pay attention to the characteristics, family function, and emotion regulation strategies of family caregivers of older adults with different disability. Help family caregivers enhance family cohesion and cognitive reappraisal to improve positive experiences for caregivers in different profiles.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the global burden of disease for developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019, we conducted a cross-country inequity analysis to examine the worldwide burden of developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by the issue of iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019. Absolute and relative inequality were assessed by the slope index of inequality and the concentration index, respectively. After summarising the latest evidence, we also projected the age-standardized prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) rates up to 2030 using the BAPC and INLA packages in R statistical software. Results: In 2019, the global age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates for developmental and intellectual disabilities due to iodine deficiency were 22.54 per 100,000 population (95% UI 14.47 to 29.23) and 4.12 per 100,000 population (95% UI 2.25 to 6.4), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates of developmental and intellectual disabilities due to iodine deficiency decreased significantly. Geographic distribution showed that areas with lower socio-demographic indices (SDI) were the most affected. The correlation between higher SDI and lower prevalence highlights the role of economic and social factors in the prevalence of the disease. Cross-national inequity analysis shows that disparities persist despite improvements in health inequalities. In addition, projections suggest that the disease burden may decline until 2030. Conclusion: This research underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, such as enhancing iodine supplementation and nutritional education, especially in areas with lower SDI. We aim to provide a foundation for policymakers further to research effective preventative and potential alternative treatment strategies.
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BACKGROUND: Children with disabilities (CWDs) constitute a substantial segment of the population who encounter abuse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the influence of school-based interventions on this susceptible group. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in enhancing child sexual abuse (CSA) knowledge among CWDs. PARTICIPANTS: This meta-analysis incorporated seven published studies, encompassing 387 CWDs. METHODS: Our study synthesizes findings from seven experimental and quasi-experimental studies, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The study was registered in PROSPERO. The literature search, conducted between September 25, 2023, and October 2, 2023, employed various databases and keywords relevant to the study's scope. The research question and articles' eligibility were assessed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study type (PICOs). The meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS: The school-based intervention greatly impacted CWDs' CSA knowledge scores (Hedges's g = 1.026 [95% CI: 0.845; 1.208], z = 11.074, p = 0.000). The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that Questionnaire/scale-based knowledge measurement (Hedges's g = 2.586 [95% CI: 0.920; 4.252], z = 3.043, P = 0.002) and Vignette-based knowledge measurement (Hedges's g = 1.065 [95% CI: 0.655; 1.474], z = 5.100, p = 0.000) are effective in assessing CWDs' knowledge of CSA. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled studies and quasi-experimental studies provide robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of school-based interventions in significantly enhancing CSA knowledge among CWDs. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE: These findings are potentially significant evidence for education professionals, including educators and school health nurses.
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Purpose of the Article: To (1) summarise the personal and clinical characteristics of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in the US who were evaluated for mobility assistive equipment (MAE) in the functional mobility assessment and uniform dataset (FMA/UDS) and (2) stratify subpopulations of PwD who reported falling versus those who do not report a fall.Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive cohort analysis of adults with disabilities using the FMA/UDS. Data are collected during a user's initial evaluation for a new mobility device. The sample is intentionally general to be inclusive of all mobility device users. The primary variable of interest was a patient-reported fall within the 3 months leading up to their evaluation for a new mobility device. Subpopulation characteristics were stratified by this binary fall variable.Results and Conclusions: This study provides descriptions of PwDs being evaluated for a new mobility device. There were 11,084 PwDs with 31 different primary diagnoses. During their new mobility device evaluation, 52.2% of PwDs reported at least one fall in the last 3 months. For those who reported a fall, 46.6% of PwDs were using a walking aid or no device at all before the new mobility device evaluation. Additionally, persons with progressively acquired disabilities (i.e., Parkinson's disease, osteoarthritis and cardiopulmonary disease) reported higher rates of falls than those with congenital disabilities (i.e., cerebral palsy and spina bifida). These findings will influence future studies comparing different types of devices and their influence on falls and user satisfaction.Implications for rehabilitation52.2% of persons with disabilities (PwDs) seeking a new wheelchair evaluation reported at least one fall in the last 3 months.Persons with progressively acquired disabilities (i.e., Parkinson's disease, osteoarthritis and cardiopulmonary disease) reported higher rates of falls than those with congenital disabilities (i.e., cerebral palsy and spina bifida).Earlier interventions for fall prevention including professional wheelchair evaluations may be warranted, but further research is necessary to explore long-term effectiveness.
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BACKGROUND: Disability influences activities of daily living, leading to unsafe conditions, poor quality of life, and dependence on others and assistive technologies. Despite limited access and unmet needs, assistive technology enables users to participate in education and be independent members of their community. Students with disabilities in higher education face many challenges in their day-to-day activities and evidence is limited in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to explore assistive technology experience and daily living challenges among students with disabilities in higher education. METHOD: A descriptive qualitative study design was employed at the University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, between December 20, 2022, and January 20, 2023. A purposive sampling method was employed to recruit 14 students with disabilities. An in-depth interview was employed using semi-structured questionnaires. Open Code version 4 software for coding and reflexive thematic analysis approach was employed for the analysis. RESULT: A total of 14 students with disabilities were included in an in-depth interview. Four main themes emerged, which included activities of daily living, attitudes toward people with disabilities, barriers to accessibility, and access to assistive technology. CONCLUSION: Barriers to activities of daily living among students with disabilities were poor accessibility of infrastructural facilities, lack of teaching/learning materials in an accessible format, and negative attitudes. The present study's finding is needed to support students in higher education for their academic achievement and to design appropriate rehabilitation strategies and policies on the accessibility of physical infrastructures, inclusive education, and the provision of assistive technology.
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People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often have higher rates of comorbid mental health conditions compared to the general population. Yet, many people with IDD also have unmet needs for mental and behavioral health services. The aim of this study was to examine how states provided mental and behavior health, and crisis services to people with IDD in their Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) programs, the largest funding mechanism for Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) for people with IDD in the United States. We analyzed fiscal year (2021) Medicaid HCBS waivers for people with IDD from across the United States to examine if and how they provided mental and behavior health, and crisis services. States projected spending $968.9 million for mental and behavior health, and crisis services for 190,299 people with IDD. Applied behavior analysis services were provided at greater rates than positive behavior supports and other forms of behavior interventions. While most states provided mental and behavior health, and crisis services in their waivers, there were vast inconsistencies in how they did so, across states, waivers, and services. HCBS are a crucial safety net to ensure people with IDD, especially those who also have mental health disabilities, can live and thrive in their communities.
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This study aimed to clarify the factors influencing picky eating in children with disabilities based on the hypothesis that primary disease or oral function is involved in picky eating. The subjects were 242 children aged 3-6 years receiving outpatient feeding therapy at our clinic. The subjects' general and oral conditions and picky eating were assessed by their medical recodes. Resultingly, 79 children showed picky eating. Using logistic regression analysis, associated factors of picky eating were primary disease (p = .04), nutritional methods (p = .01), and oral hypersensitivity (p = .04). The relationship with the primary disease suggests the influence of the characteristics of the primary disease. The relationship with oral hypersensitivity may be attributed to avoiding certain sensations. Additionally, the study revealed that the subjects employed tube feeding to compensate for reduced nutritional intake due to picky eating. This study indicated that primary disease and nutritional method as general conditions and oral hypersensitivity as an oral function were possible factors for picky eating. Picky eating was found to occur at varying frequencies depending on the underlying primary disease, especially when the child struggled to tolerate different sensations experienced during meals.
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The current study implemented an alternating-treatments design with Standard Celeration Charting. The applied experiment occurred via telecommunication and assessed the effectiveness of repeated reading (RR) on reading fluency for two adults with specific learning disabilities using high-level and low-level reading passages. Participants reread each passage until they met a predetermined fluency criterion. We measured participants reading fluency using correct words per 1 min (CWPM) and assessed for retention at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month. Both participants reached their fluency aims and maintained their progress postintervention. ⢠RR can improve reading fluency for children and adults with reading deficits. ⢠RR practice sessions require minutes to implement, which offers great flexibility for scheduling. ⢠Telecommunication represents an effective modality for implementing RR procedures for adults with reading disabilities. ⢠Participants in the study retained their fluency gains post-intervention, supporting that time spent on RR may represent a good investment for clinicians.
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ABA research abounds with articles on increasing or decreasing a small set of behaviors. These articles fit nicely within the framework of Focused ABA Treatment in which the goal of treatment centers on only a few behaviors. However, many behavioral practitioners spend most of their time developing Comprehensive ABA Treatment in which a large number of behaviors are systematically changed across multiple developmental domains. Few resources are available to help in designing and implementing such programming. This article presents a model from the field of instructional design for the development of comprehensive programming. Applying the ADDIE model-Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate-the article identifies a consistent process to follow, critical actions to take, and helpful resources to use when developing comprehensive programming for individuals with autism.
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Early childhood is foundational for optimal and inclusive lifelong learning, health and well-being. Young children with disabilities face substantial risks of sub-optimal early childhood development (ECD), requiring targeted support to ensure equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Although the Sustainable Development Goals, 2015-2030 (SDGs) emphasise inclusive education for children under 5 years with disabilities, there is no global strategy for achieving this goal since the launch of the SDGs. This paper explores a global ECD framework for children with disabilities based on a review of national ECD programmes from different world regions and relevant global ECD reports published since 2015. Available evidence suggests that any ECD strategy for young children with disabilities should consists of a twin-track approach, strong legislative support, guidelines for early intervention, family involvement, designated coordinating agencies, performance indicators, workforce recruitment and training, as well as explicit funding mechanisms and monitoring systems. This approach reinforces parental rights and liberty to choose appropriate support pathway for their children. We conclude that without a global disability-focussed ECD strategy that incorporates these key features under a dedicated global leadership, the SDGs vision and commitment for the world's children with disabilities are unlikely to be realised.
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Desenvolvimento Infantil , Crianças com Deficiência , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Saúde Global , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Países em Desenvolvimento , Lactente , Criança , Intervenção Educacional PrecoceRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Parents raising children with Learning Disabilities (LDs) often face multiple challenges and high levels of parenting stress, especially in societies with intense academic competitions. Mindful parenting (MP) is an emerging approach that brings mindful awareness to parent-child interactions and is found effective in reducing parenting stress in various parent populations. AIMS: This study examined the effectivenesss of an 8-week online MP program on Chinese parents of children with LDs. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A MP program was adapted and implemented in an online format with 69 parents of children with LDs. A randomized controlled trial design was used to examine the efficacy of the mindful parenting group compared with a wait-list control group. Parenting stress, mindful parenting and self-compassion were assessed pre- and post-intervention. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Compared with the wait-list control group, the MP group participants showed decreased parenting stress (d = 0.62, p < 0.05), improved mindful parenting (d = 0.63, p < 0.05), and increased self-compassion (d = 0.61, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings support the effectiveness of an online MP intervention in reducing parenting stress and increasing mindful parenting and self-compassion among Chinese parents of children with LDs. The behavioral and intrapersonal aspects of MP are more amenable to improvement, whereas the attitudinal and interpersonal aspects, particularly non-judgmental acceptance and compassion towards the child, are resistant to change. Future studies should explore strategies to enhance these attitudinal aspects and interpersonal processes of MP.
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This study investigated the role of language-related abilities in emotion comprehension among young people with non-specific intellectual developmental disorders (NS-IDDs). Forty children and adolescents with NS-IDDs completed tasks assessing emotion comprehension, receptive vocabulary, verbal reasoning skills, and verbal working memory. Results showed that emotion comprehension was better predicted by comprehension of abstract words and verbal working memory, and that these two predictors were themselves predicted by verbal reasoning skills. These results therefore suggest a link between emotion understanding and verbal reasoning, which could be mediated by abstract vocabulary and verbal working memory. These findings provide insight into the relationships between emotion comprehension and language-related abilities in NS-IDDs.
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Individuals with disabilities face psychological, environmental, and resource-related barriers to participating in exercise and sports. The lack of participation in exercise observed in the disability community poses great concern to this population's health. This review discusses commercially available adaptive equipment and technology for exercise and sports that help people with disabilities circumvent barriers to exercise. The methods section highlights various categories of adaptive tools and their cost, accessibility, ease of learning, and progress level to help people with disabilities determine points of entry to fitness that align with their needs. Additionally, fitness-related businesses, fitness device developers, and researchers can leverage the discussed findings to understand gaps in this field to further advance adaptive equipment and technology and help facilitate widespread use. The paper serves as a comprehensive resource to researchers, entrepreneurs, and consumers to guide developing, accessing, and marketing adaptive exercise technology.
A majority of people with disabilities experience barriers to participating in exercise and sports which can drastically affect their physical and mental well-being.Although there are commercially available adaptive equipment and technologies for exercise and sports, limited accessibility, cost, and lack of options for various disabilities can hinder participation in physical activities.There are many developments needed in terms of technology and programs that can address issues faced by the disability community regarding exercise and sports participation.
