Associations between Individual- and Structural-Level Racism and Gestational Age at Birth in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between multilevel racism and gestational age at birth among nulliparous women. We conducted a secondary analysis of data of the nuMoM2b Study (2010-2013) to examine the associations between individual- and structural-level experiences of racism and discrimination and gestational age at birth among nulliparous women (n = 9148) at eight sites across the U.S. Measures included the individual Experiences of Discrimination (EOD) scale and the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to measure structural racism. After adjustment, we observed a significant individual and structural racism interaction on gestational length (p = 0.012). In subgroup analyses, we found that among those with high EOD scores, women who were from households concentrated in the more privileged group had significantly longer gestations (ß = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.48, 2.06). Women who reported higher EOD scores and more economic privilege had longer gestations, demonstrating the moderating effect of ICE as a measure of structural racism. In conclusion, ICE may represent a modifiable factor in the prevention of adverse birth outcomes in nulliparas.

The Perspective of Brazilian Women Orthopaedic Surgeons on Gender Discrimination: Initial Insights to Understand Gender Bias in the Brazilian Healthcare System.

Despite the societal progress made in recent years, gender discrimination is still common in healthcare, especially in some surgical specialties such as orthopaedics. In Brazil, where the participation of women in the medical profession has been increasing, little is known about women's perceptions on the issue of gender discrimination. This study aims to examine women orthopaedic surgeons' experiences in dealing with conflict in the workplace and contextualize the impact that gender discrimination has had or currently has on their careers and well-being. As a secondary objective, the work seeks to understand whether there are differences in the perception of the issue among practicing women orthopaedic surgeons and those in training. For a cross-sectional qualitative study, a survey was distributed exclusively to 300 practicing orthopaedic surgeons and orthopaedists in training (residents and fellows). A total of 99 women participated in the survey, of whom 66 were practicing orthopaedic surgeons and 33 were orthopaedists in training. The study showed that women orthopaedic surgeons in training in Brazil have a lower number of publications and a moderate level of involvement in academic society activity. In addition, orthopaedic surgeons in training experience a statistically significantly higher number of conflicts in the workplace. The comments from the questionnaires highlighted the physical and psychological consequences arising from these situations of professional conflict, most frequently occurring with orthopaedic surgeons who are men. Our findings indicate that respondents expressed a feeling of inequality towards women in the workplace, ultimately reducing the level of job satisfaction among female orthopaedic surgeons, which may contribute to disinterest and abandonment of the specialty. The results of this work support recent evidence that there is an implicit and often overlooked bias against the participation of women and ethnic minorities in the orthopaedic community in Brazil.

Language confidence and job satisfaction among foreign-born nurses in Japan: mediating effect of workplace discrimination and moderating effect of immigration duration.

AIM: This study explored the relationship between language confidence and job satisfaction, the mediating role of workplace discrimination, and the moderating role of immigration duration among foreign-born nurses in Japan. INTRODUCTION: Job satisfaction is an important factor in preventing migrant nurses' turnover intentions; however, the relationships among language confidence, immigration duration, workplace discrimination, and job satisfaction among foreign-born nurses remain unclear. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected between June and August 2022 through an online survey of nurses who were born outside of Japan but were currently working as registered nurses in Japan. PROCESS v4.0 Macro for SPSS 28.0 was applied to analyze the effect of language confidence on job satisfaction, the mediator effect of workplace discrimination (model 4), and the moderator effect of immigration duration (model 15). RESULTS: Data from 187 participants were analyzed. The results showed that 1) foreign-born nurses' language confidence was negatively correlated with workplace discrimination and positively correlated with job satisfaction; 2) workplace discrimination played a partially mediating role between language confidence and job satisfaction; and 3) immigration duration positively moderated the relationship between language confidence and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Foreign-born nurses with stronger confidence in their proficiency in Japanese perceived less workplace discrimination and higher job satisfaction. Workplace discrimination acted as a mediator in the relationship between language confidence and job satisfaction, and this relationship was strengthened with longer migration periods. Managers and policymakers should implement policies and strategies to combat workplace discrimination and provide tailored support to improve foreign-born nurses' job satisfaction, which may contribute to their retention in Japan.

Performance evaluation of facility locations using integrated DEA-based techniques.

Facility location, particularly in the context of international investments by global enterprises, stands out as a paramount concern within the purview of top management's strategic decision-making process. The selection of a suitable location plays a pivotal role in determining the ultimate achievement of organizational objectives. The process of selecting an appropriate location requires the comprehensive analysis of a substantial volume of data, encompassing diverse tangible and intangible evaluation criteria that may exhibit inherent conflicts. This paper addresses the challenge of determining the best location for a manufacturing facility by employing alternative performance measures within the framework of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. In a performance evaluation process, not only positive but also negative aspects should be determined. This paper, therefore, proposes a double-frontier DEA-AR model, which is an integrated approach that incorporates the efficient frontier, anti-efficient frontier, and assurance region weight restrictions, with the aim of increasing the discrimination ability of the DEA method. An efficient frontier evaluates the information of each location from a positive viewpoint, while the worst side is evaluated by an anti-efficient frontier. The technique of weight restrictions, which allows incorporating expert opinion into the assessment, is also applied with both frontiers to restrict the regions of weights to some specific area. The prescribed approach is illustrated by a numerical example of selecting the best location among ten different countries under consideration of 22 selection criteria obtained from PEST analysis. The results show that the proposed alternative performance measures significantly improve discrimination capability, enabling the ranking of candidates based on their suitability for the optimal location.

Evolution of transgender rights in India: Better late than never.

The progress of transgender rights in India has seen significant strides with milestones such as the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) judgment and the enactment of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act in 2019. The NALSA judgment recognized the right of transgender individuals to self-identify their gender. This decision led to the formal recognition of a 'third gender', advancing legislative and social reforms. Prior to this, transgender individuals faced substantial hurdles, including limited access to education, employment, and healthcare due to a lack of legal recognition. Within a few years, The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act established a framework that safeguards the rights of transgender individuals and prohibits discrimination based on gender. This legislation requires the government to take measures like promoting education, providing vocational training opportunities, ensuring accessible healthcare services, and offering social security support. It also addresses the healthcare needs of transgender individuals thereby contributing to their overall well being. The Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise (SMILE) program and Garima Greh are initiatives that provide spaces and empower a marginalized transgender individuals and promoting their inclusion, justice and empowerment. This article explores the progress pertaining to transgender rights and welfare, while highlighting efforts undertaken by the Indian government.

Assessment of unmeasured confounding in the association between perceived discrimination and mental health in a predominantly African American cohort using g-estimation.

BACKGROUND: Perceived discrimination in health care settings can have adverse consequences on mental health in minority groups. However, the association between perceived discrimination and mental health is prone to unmeasured confounding. The study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of unmeasured confounding in this association, using g-estimation. METHODS: In a predominantly African American cohort, we applied g-estimation to estimate the association between perceived discrimination and mental health, adjusted and unadjusted for measured confounders. Mental health was measured using clinical diagnoses of anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder. Perceived discrimination was measured as the number of patient-reported discrimination events in health care settings. Measured confounders included demographic, socioeconomic, residential and health characteristics. The influence of confounding was denoted as α1 from g-estimation. We compared α1 for measured and unmeasured confounding. RESULTS: Strong associations between perceived discrimination in health care settings and mental health outcomes were observed. For anxiety, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) unadjusted and adjusted for measured confounders were 1.30 (1.21, 1.39) and 1.26 (1.17, 1.36), respectively. The α1 for measured confounding was -0.066. Unmeasured confounding with α1=0.200, which was over three times that of measured confounding, corresponds to an odds ratio of 1.12 (1.01, 1.24). Similar results were observed for other mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Compared with measured confounding, unmeasured that was three times measured confounding was not enough to explain away the association between perceived discrimination and mental health, suggesting that this association is robust to unmeasured confounding. This study provides a novel framework to quantitatively evaluate unmeasured confounding.

Multiple forms of perceived job discrimination and hypertension risk among employed women: Findings from the Sister Study.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension has been linked to socially patterned stressors, including discrimination. Few studies have quantified the risk of hypertension associated with exposure to perceived job discrimination. METHODS: We used prospective cohort data from the Sister Study (enrollment from 2003-2009) to estimate self-reported incident hypertension associated with perceived job discrimination based on race, gender, age, sexual orientation, or health status. Job discrimination in the prior 5 years was assessed in 2008-2012, and incident doctor-diagnosed hypertension was ascertained in previously hypertension-free participants. RESULTS: Among the 16,770 eligible participants aged 37-78 years at the start of follow-up, 10.5% reported job discrimination in the past 5 years, and 19.2% (n = 3226) reported incident hypertension during a median follow-up of 9.7 years (interquartile range 8.2-11.0 years). Self-reported poor health or inclusion in minoritized groups based on race/ethnicity or sexual orientation were more frequent among those reporting job discrimination. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for covariates, report of at least one type of job discrimination (compared to none) was associated with a 14% (hazard ratio = 1.14 [95% confidence: 1.02-1.27]) higher hypertension risk. Results from sensitivity analyses reinforced the findings. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that interventions addressing job discrimination could have workplace equity and health benefits.

Race/ethnicity-based discrimination, depressive symptoms, and smoking-related variables among people with HIV participating in a randomized clinical trial for cigarette smoking cessation.

People with HIV smoke cigarettes at a high prevalence, and it is important to identify modifiable variables related to smoking in this population. Race/ethnicity-based discrimination is common among people with HIV from minoritized racial and ethnic groups and results in significant adverse effects. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination, depression, and smoking-related variables among people with HIV who smoke. This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, randomized controlled smoking cessation trial for people with HIV. Participants were recruited from three HIV clinical care sites and randomly assigned to an HIV-tailored group therapy intervention or a control condition. Participants completed measures of demographics, smoking-related variables, race/ethnicity-based discrimination, and depressive symptoms at baseline and were followed up 3- and 6-months after study completion. Depressive symptoms had an indirect effect on the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination and self-efficacy to quit smoking at 3-month follow-up. Depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination and both nicotine dependence and self-efficacy to quit smoking at 6-month follow-up. Findings highlight the importance of considering race/ethnicity-based discrimination and depressive symptoms in the development and implementation of smoking cessation treatment interventions for people with HIV.

Wearable, Biocompatible, and Dual-Emission Ocular Multisensor Patch for Continuous Profiling of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Tears.

The abuse or misuse of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings severely endangers human health and ecosystems, which has raised profound concerns for public health worldwide. Trace detection and reliable discrimination of commonly used fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics and their analogues have consequently become urgent to guide the rational use of antibiotic medicines and deliver efficient treatments for associated diseases. Herein, we report a wearable eye patch integrated with a quadruplex nanosensor chip for noninvasive detection and discrimination of primary FQ antibiotics in tears during routine eyedrop treatment. A set of dual-mode fluorescent nanoprobes of red- or green-emitting CdTe quantum dots integrated with lanthanide ions and a sensitizer, adenosine monophosphate, were constructed to provide an enhanced fluorescence up to 45-fold and nanomolar sensitivity toward major FQs owing to the aggregation-regulated antenna effect. The aggregation-driven, CdTe-Ln(III)-based microfluidic sensor chip is highly specific to FQ antibiotics against other non-FQ counterparts or biomolecular interfering species and is able to accurately discriminate nine types of FQ or non-FQ eyedrop suspensions using linear discriminant analysis. The prototyped wearable sensing detector has proven to be biocompatible and nontoxic to human tissues, which integrates the entire optical imaging modules into a miniaturized, smartphone-based platform for field use and reduces the overall assay time to ∼5 min. The practicability of the wearable eye patch was demonstrated through accurate quantification of antibiotics in a bactericidal event and the continuous profiling of FQ residues in tears after using a typical prescription antibiotic eyedrop. This technology provides a useful supplement to the toolbox for on-site and real-time examination and regulation of inappropriate daily drug use that might potentially lead to long-term antibiotic abuse and has great implications in advancing personal healthcare techniques for the regulation of daily medication therapy.

Gender-based violence and harassment at work and health and occupational outcomes. A systematic review of prospective studies.

BACKGROUND: Many people experience forms of gender-based violence and harassment (GBVH) in the context of their work. This includes a wide range of experiences, from subtle expressions of hostility to physical assault, that can also be of a sexual nature (e.g., sexual harassment or assault). This systematic review aimed to summarize findings about the prospective associations of work-related GBVH with people's health and occupational situation. METHODS: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for prospective studies in English from 1990 to May 24, 2023. Studies were included if they concerned a working population, exposure to any form of GBVH in the work context, and a health outcome or manifest occupational outcome. Quality was assessed with a modified version of the Cochrane 'Tool to Assess Risk of Bias in Cohort Studies', and studies assessed as low quality were excluded from the narrative synthesis. For the narrative synthesis, we grouped the results by similar exposures and outcomes and reported the strength and statistical significance of the associations. RESULTS: Of the 1 937 screened records, 29 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Studies were mainly conducted in the USA and northern Europe and investigated exposure to sexual violence or harassment (SVH). Only two included studies investigated non-sexual kinds of GBVH. Consistently, studies showed associations of work-related SVH with poor mental health and there were indications of an association with hazardous substance use. There was no consistent evidence for an association of SVH with subsequent sickness absence, and there were too few studies concerning physical health and occupational outcomes to synthesize the results. CONCLUSIONS: There is consistent evidence of work-related SVH as a risk factor for subsequent poor mental health. There is no indication that the health consequences of SVH differ between women and men, although women are more often affected. There is a need for conceptual consistency, the consideration of non-sexual behaviors and prospective studies that test clear hypotheses about the temporal sequence of events.

Pulsed nicotine infusions as a model for smoking: validating a tool to explore nicotine thresholds in humans.

RATIONALE: No previous studies examined the discriminative stimulus effects of intravenous (IV) nicotine in humans. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a pulsed IV nicotine infusion procedure designed to mimic inhaled nicotine delivery and to identify a range of nicotine doses that may capture the threshold doses for the subjective and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine. By determining these thresholds, we can gain valuable insights into the addictive threshold of nicotine. METHODS: Eleven participants had 2 Test Sessions following overnight abstinence from smoking. Test Session 1 examined participants' ability to discriminate 0.1 mg nicotine/pulse nicotine from saline. Test Session 2 examined if participants can discriminate 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125 mg nicotine/pulse of nicotine from saline. These nicotine doses were delivered as a cluster of 4 pulsed-nicotine infusions of 2-second duration with a 28-second interval between each pulse. RESULTS: The lowest doses of nicotine that produced greater responses than saline for discrimination, subjective effects, and heart rate ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 mg nicotine/pulse. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the validity of our pulsed-infusion procedure as a model for nicotine delivery by smoking and its utility in examining factors that may impact the addictive threshold of nicotine.

Labor market discrimination and suicidal ideation: A longitudinal study of Korean women.

This study investigates the impact of gender discrimination in the labor market on suicidal ideation among Korean women, taking into consideration women's multiple social locations and their discriminatory experiences across various aspects of employment. Analysis using waves 4 to 8 data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family, with response rates ranging from 68.3% to 78.2%, indicates that gender discrimination in hiring, dismissal, promotion, job allocation, training, wage, and sexual harassment is strongly associated with suicidal thoughts among women. This relationship remains significant even after controlling for stress, depression, and other forms of discrimination. Subgroup analysis further highlights that women with lower income levels are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of gender discrimination. The findings underscore the importance of policy intervention to mitigate labor market discrimination against women as a crucial step in preventing suicides among Korean women.

A biobehavioral observational study to understand the multilevel determinants of cardiovascular health in Black women: the BLOOM Study protocol.

BACKGROUND: The racial/ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in the United States are evident. Across nearly every metric, non-Hispanic Black women have poorer overall cardiovascular health. Emerging evidence shows a disproportionately high burden of increased CVD risk factors in Black women of childbearing age, which has a far-reaching impact on both maternal and child outcomes, resulting in premature onset of CVD and further widens the racial disparities in CVD. There is growing recognition that the fundamental driver of persistent racial/ethnic disparities in CVD, as well as disparities in behavioral risk factors such as physical activity and sleep, is structural racism. Further, the lived personal experience of racial discrimination not only has a negative impact on health behaviors, but also links to various physiological pathways to CVD risks, such as internalized stress resulting in a pro-inflammatory state. Limited research, however, has examined the interaction between daily experience and health behaviors, which are influenced by upstream social determinants of health, and the downstream effect on biological/physiological indicators of cardiovascular health in non-pregnant Black women of childbearing age. METHODS/DESIGN: The BLOOM Study is an observational study that combines real-time ambulatory assessments over a 10-day monitoring period with in-depth cross-sectional lab-based physiological and biological assessments. We will use a wrist-worn actigraphy device to capture 24-h movement behaviors and electronic ecological momentary assessment to capture perceived discrimination, microaggression, and stress. Blood pressure will be captured continuously through a wristband. Saliva samples will be self-collected to assess cortisol level as a biomarker of psychological stress. Lab assessments include a fasting venous blood sample, and assessment of various indices of peripheral and cerebral vascular function/health. Participants' address or primary residence will be used to obtain neighborhood-level built environmental and social environmental characteristics. We plan to enroll 80 healthy Black women who are between 18 and 49 years old for this study. DISCUSSION: Results from this study will inform the development of multilevel (i.e., individual, interpersonal, and social-environmental levels) lifestyle interventions tailored to Black women based on their lived experiences with the goal of reducing CVD risk. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT06150989.

Fast and nondestructive discrimination of coal types based on spectral feature parameters.

Coal type identification is the basic work of coal quality inspection, which is of great significance to the normal operation of power generation, metallurgy, and other industries. The traditional coal-type identification method is complicated and requires comprehensive determination of various chemical parameters to obtain more accurate analysis results. Hyperspectral detection and analysis technology has the advantages of being simple, fast, nondestructive, and safe, and is widely used in a variety of fields. In this study, typical spectral feature parameters of coal samples were extracted based on hyperspectral data, and the parameters' sensitivity to coal types was explored using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the coal spectral feature parameters of DI1-2µm and AD2.2µm significantly differed with coal species, indicating that the two parameters were class-sensitive features. When DI1-2µm and AD2.2µm were used to construct the Fisher discriminant model, the coal types could be discriminated with high accuracy. At the same time, the correlation between the extracted spectral feature parameters and the physicochemical parameters of bituminous coal and anthracite was analyzed. The results showed that there was a certain basis for using the extracted spectral feature parameters as the sensitive spectral characteristics of the model, and the application potential of the spectral characteristics of coal in the nondestructive prediction analysis of coal parameters was further discussed.

Social Media-Based Brief Video Interventions to Support Youths' Mental Health.

Social media platforms are communication forums with potential benefits and disadvantages for youths' mental health. In this column, the author focuses on two main themes. First, recognizing the need for carefully crafted interventions, the author advocates for the use of crowdsourcing platforms to test and refine social media-based video content. These platforms enable the development of engaging, safe, and stigma-reducing videos tailored to meet the needs of diverse youths. Second, the author proposes the establishment of strategic frameworks designed to empower youths to produce and share these videos effectively, enhancing the positive effect of social media on mental health discourse.

Tactile acuity and active joint repositioning sense in individuals with and without chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Sensorimotor dysfunction, as measured by tactile acuity and active joint repositioning, has been identified as a contributing factor of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Existing research suggests that further research is necessary to improve the characterization of sensorimotor perception in patients with CLBP. OBJECTIVES: The main aim is to investigate whether tactile acuity and repositioning errors differ between individuals with CLBP and controls without CLBP. A secondary aim was to investigate the association between age, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity, and tactile acuity and repositioning sense. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Sixty-eight participants (36 with, 32 without CLBP) were examined. Two-Point Discrimination (TPD) test (four measures: horizontal and vertical run, left and right side) and Active Joint Reposition Sense (AJRS) test (2 directions: to flexion and to extension) were used. RESULTS: No differences were found for TPD (right horizontal run: p = .069; left horizontal run: p = .066; right vertical run: p = .933; left vertical run: p = .285) or AJRS (flexion: p = .792; extension: p = .956) between participants with and without CLBP. Older subjects had significantly worse tactile acuity (3 sites, p = .018, p = .004, p = .041) and worse repositioning sense (2 directions, p = .026, p = .040,) than younger subjects. Individuals with BMI ≥ 25 had significantly worse TPD compared to individuals with normal weight (2 sites, p = .028, p = .020). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with CLBP did not have impaired tactile and repositioning accuracy when compared to controls without CLBP. Future studies comparing sensorimotor performance should consider age and BMI as potential confounding factors.

Racism and alcohol-related problems among black adults: The role of negative emotionality to experiencing racism.

INTRODUCTION: Although Black Americans tend to consume less alcohol than non-Hispanic/Latine White Americans, Black Americans who do drink alcohol appear at especially high risk for negative alcohol-related problems. This alcohol-based health disparity indicates a need to identify psycho-sociocultural factors that may play a role in drinking and related problems to inform prevention and treatment efforts. Minority stress-based models posit that stressors such as racism increase negative emotions, which may be associated with using substances such as alcohol to cope with negative emotions. Yet, little research has directly assessed emotional reactions to racism and whether it plays a role in drinking-related behaviors. METHOD: Participants were 164 Black American undergraduates at a racially/ethnically diverse university who endorsed current alcohol use 18-48 (M = 21.7, SD = 4.3). Participants completed an online survey regarding their experiences with racism and alcohol-related behaviors. RESULTS: Experiencing more frequent racism was related to greater negative emotions experienced in response to racism (i.e., negative emotional reactivity to racism) and alcohol-related problems. More frequent racism was related to more alcohol-related problems via the sequential effects of negative emotional reactivity to racism and coping motivated drinking. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the experience of negative emotions that occur after experiencing racism and attempts to cope with those negative emotions by consuming alcohol play important roles in drinking behaviors among Black Americans.

Hidradenitis suppurativa and psychosocial well-being: a cross-sectional survey analysis from the All of Us research program.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that often leads to decreased quality of life. Prior research assessing stress and discrimination related to stigmatization of those with HS is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HS and the following factors related to psychosocial well-being: stress, discrimination, and loneliness. We performed secondary analysis of participants 18 years and older registered in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program in March 2024. The study sample was limited to individuals who had completed ≥ 1 of 4 psychosocial well-being surveys. Among 1,352 individuals with HS, 135 were included in the sample. Among 208,290 individuals without HS, 56,902 were included. The following surveys assessed loneliness, stress, perceived discrimination in everyday settings, and perceived discrimination in medical settings, respectively: the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale. The association between HS and survey scores was modeled using multivariable linear regression adjusted for self-reported sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, age, and income. In an unadjusted model, those with HS reported a significantly higher degree of stress (MeanHS (SD) = 21.5 (4.74); Meannon-HS (SD) = 19.8 (3.98); p < 0.001), discrimination in everyday settings (MeanHS (SD) = 18.9 (8.16); Meannon-HS (SD) = 16.0 (7.06); p < 0.0001), and discrimination in healthcare settings (MeanHS (SD) = 1.77 (0.64); Meannon-HS (SD) = 1.56 (0.62); p < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, race, age, and income, the association between HS and discrimination in healthcare settings was non-significant; however, associations between HS and increased levels of perceived stress and everyday discrimination remained significant. Low survey completion rates and demographic differences between those who did and did not complete the study surveys may limit generalizability of results. Findings suggest that those with HS may benefit from regular screening for psychosocial well-being and provision of support resources.

Emotion Regulation Moderates Associations between Discrimination and Cannabis Use Patterns among Sexual Minority Young Adult Women.

Background: Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) experience discrimination and have high cannabis use prevalence. Discrimination may be associated with cannabis use, including hazardous use and co-use with tobacco, depending on emotion regulation and gender. Methods: Fall 2020 survey data assessed discrimination, use frequency of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression), current cannabis use, hazardous use, and cannabis-tobacco dual use among SMYAs (age 18-34) in 6 United States metropolitan areas (women: n=450, M age =24.1, SD=4.7, 69.6% bisexual, 18.2% lesbian/gay, 12.2% other; men: n=254, M age=24.7, SD=4.5, 33.5% bisexual, 54.3% gay, 12.2% other). Multivariable logistic regression examined the moderating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on associations of discrimination with cannabis use outcomes, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, and employment. Results: Among SMYA women, 89.5% experienced any discrimination; 53.1% reported current cannabis use, of whom 49.4% and 47.7% reported hazardous use and cannabis-tobacco dual use, respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographics, experiencing greater discrimination was associated with greater odds of hazardous cannabis use (aOR=1.08, 95% CI [1.02, 1.15]) and cannabis-tobacco dual use (aOR=1.04, 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]) among SMYA women with greater use of expressive suppression. Among SMYA men, 83.9% experienced any discrimination; 49.2% reported current cannabis use, of whom 55.2% and 44.0% reported hazardous use and cannabis-tobacco dual use. Discrimination and emotion regulation were unrelated to cannabis use outcomes among men. Conclusions: Given high rates of discrimination experiences among SMYAs, emotion regulation skills training may empower SMYAs, particularly women, to cope with discrimination without using cannabis.

Intimate partner violence survivors' reported experiences of discrimination in mental health treatment settings.

Research indicates that survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face substantial stigma and discrimination, with varying impacts based on demographic factors such as race and income. This study explored perceived discrimination among 88 IPV survivors across different racial backgrounds and income levels in mental health settings. Participants completed a mixed-method electronic survey assessing discrimination experiences related to survivor status, income, and race within mental health treatment. Results revealed high levels of perceived discrimination based on survivor status among both racially minoritized and majoritized survivors. However, racially minoritized survivors reported greater racial discrimination and associated stress within mental healthcare settings. Regardless of income level, all survivors reported significant discrimination experiences. Qualitative analysis highlighted factors perceived as helpful or unhelpful within mental health settings. This study underscores the need for further research on socioeconomic influences on stigma experiences among IPV survivors and suggests implications for provider training to better support survivors, especially those from diverse racial backgrounds.