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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 71(1)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449519

RESUMO

Introduction: The frequent use of pesticides is currently considered a cause of environmental pollution due to the high rate of entry of these substances into agroecosystems. This constitutes a risk for the species that inhabit these ecosystems, in particular anurans whose characteristics make them prone to exposure to and interaction with environmental pollutants. Objective: To report the occurrence of abnormalities in larvae of the common toad Rhinella arenarum inhabiting ponds surrounded by agroecosystems. Methods: In two consecutive springs (2015 and 2016), reproductive events of common toads were monitored in temporary pond systems in agricultural and non-agricultural areas, located near the city of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The physicochemical parameters of the ponds were measured, and the stage of each reproductive event was recorded, such as the numbers of adult toads, amplexus and clutches. In the laboratory, the larvae were measured and photographed, their stage of development was recorded, and their morphology was examined under a stereomicroscope. Representative samples (normal and abnormal) from each pond studied were processed for histopathological analysis. Results: In the field studies carried out on a population of R. arenarum collected in an agroecosystem, a lower number of reproductive adults and clutches were observed in relation to the population of a non-agricultural pond. A total of 1 910 larvae were collected: 529 and 1 381 larvae from ponds located in non-agricultural and agricultural areas, respectively. Larvae from the agroecosystem showed two types of abnormalities: severe tail flexure and abdominal bloating. In addition, five degrees of severity could be determined in relation to abdominal bloating. Conclusions: This work reports the high frequency and severity of abnormalities observed in the early stages of R. arenarum larvae living within an agroecosystem, providing evidence of the negative impact that agricultural activities cause on aquatic ecosystems surrounded by farming areas.


Introducción: El uso frecuente de plaguicidas es considerado actualmente una causa de contaminación ambiental debido a las altas tasas de ingreso de estas sustancias a los agroecosistemas. Esta situación es un riesgo para las especies que habitan en estos ecosistemas, en particular los anuros cuyas características los hacen propensos a la exposición e interacción con contaminantes ambientales. Objetivo: Informar la presencia de anormalidades en larvas del sapo común Rhinella arenarum que habitan en estanques rodeados por un agroecosistema. Métodos: En dos primaveras consecutivas (2015 y 2016), se monitorearon los eventos reproductivos del sapo común proveniente de sistemas de estanques temporales ubicados en zonas agrícolas y no agrícolas, cerca de la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se midieron los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los estanques y se registraron las etapas de cada evento reproductivo como el número de sapos adultos, amplexos y nidadas. En el laboratorio, las larvas fueron medidas y fotografiadas, se registró su estado de desarrollo y se examinó la morfología de cada una bajo microscopio estereoscópico. Se procesaron muestras representativas (normales y anormales) de cada estanque estudiado para análisis histopatológico. Resultados: En la población de R. arenarum que vive dentro de un agroecosistema, se observó un menor número de adultos reproductores y puestas en relación con la del estanque en la zona no agrícola. Se recolectaron un total de 1 910 larvas: 529 y 1 381 larvas de estanques ubicados en zonas no agrícolas y agrícolas, respectivamente. Las larvas del agroecosistema mostraron dos tipos de anormalidades: severa flexión de la cola y distensión abdominal. Además, se pudo determinar cinco grados de gravedad en relación con la distensión abdominal. Conclusiones: Una alta frecuencia y severidad de anormalidades en los estadios tempranos de larvas de R. arenarum que viven dentro de un agroecosistema proporciona evidencia del impacto negativo que las actividades agrícolas causan en los ecosistemas acuáticos rodeados por áreas de cultivo.

2.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 99(3)sep. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224932

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Ningún estudio ha analizado la efectividad del tratamiento del estreñimiento en niños críticamente enfermos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la implementación, la eficacia y la seguridad de un protocolo de tratamiento con polietilenglicol 3350 con electrolitos (PEG 3350+E) para el estreñimiento en niños en estado crítico. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo unicéntrico, incluyendo niños que ingresaron en cuidados intensivos pediátricos durante más de 72h y que desarrollaron estreñimiento. Se excluyeron los niños con trastornos o afecciones gastrointestinales previas. Los pacientes fueron tratados con enemas rectales o con PEG 3350+E oral a criterio del médico tratante. Se compararon variables clínicas, demográficas y efectos secundarios (diarrea, distensión abdominal y desequilibrio electrolítico). Resultados: Se estudiaron 56 pacientes de 48,2±11,9 meses de edad, siendo el 55,4% varones. Cuarenta y cuatro pacientes (78,6%) fueron tratados con PEG 3350+E y 12 pacientes (21,4%) con enemas rectales. El porcentaje de efectividad del PEG 3350+E (79,5%) fue mayor que el de los enemas (58,3%), pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,151). No existieron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los efectos secundarios entre los 2 grupos. El PEG 3350+E fue más efectivo en los niños menores de 2 años (100%) que en los mayores de esa edad (65,4%), p<0,01, sin diferencias significativas en la aparición de efectos secundarios. Conclusiones: El tratamiento del estreñimiento en los niños en estado crítico con PEG 3350+E es eficaz y tiene pocos efectos secundarios, incluso en niños menores de 2 años. (AU)


Introduction and objectives: No studies have analysed the effectiveness of treatment for constipation in critically ill children. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation, efficacy and safety of a treatment protocol using polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes (PEG 3350+E) for constipation in critically ill children. Methods: We conducted a single-centre prospective study in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit for a minimum of 72h and who developed constipation. Children with previous gastrointestinal disorders or diseases were excluded. The patients were treated with rectal enemas or with the oral PEG 3350+E protocol at the discretion of the treating physician. We compared clinical and demographic variables as well as adverse events (diarrhoea, abdominal distension and electrolyte imbalances). Results: The sample included 56 patients with a mean age of 48.2±11.9 months, of who 55.4% were male. Forty-four patients (78.6%) were treated with PEG 3350+E and 12 (21.4%) with rectal enemas. The proportion of patients who responded well to treatment was greater in the PEG 3350+E group (79.5%) compared to the enema group (58.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=.151). There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the adverse effects. Treatment with PEG 3350+E was more effective in children aged less than 2 years (100%) compared to older children (100% vs. 65.4%; P<.01), with no significant differences in the development of adverse events. Conclusions: The PEG 3350+E treatment protocol for constipation in critically ill children was effective and associated with few adverse events, even in children aged less than 2 years. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Enema , Diarreia
3.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 99(3): 176-184, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37640660

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: No studies have analysed the effectiveness of treatment for constipation in critically ill children. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation, efficacy and safety of a treatment protocol using polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes (PEG 3350 + E) for constipation in critically ill children. METHODS: We conducted a single-centre prospective study in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit for a minimum of 72 h and who developed constipation. Children with previous gastrointestinal disorders or diseases were excluded. The patients were treated with rectal enemas or with the oral PEG 3350 + E protocol at the discretion of the treating physician. We compared clinical and demographic variables as well as adverse events (diarrhoea, abdominal distension and electrolyte imbalances). RESULTS: The sample included 56 patients with a mean age of 48.2 ±â€¯11.9 months, of who 55.4% were male. Forty-four patients (78.6%) were treated with PEG 3350 + E and 12 (21.4%) with rectal enemas. The proportion of patients that responded well to treatment was greater in the PEG 3350 + E group (79.5%) compared to the enema group (58.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .151). There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the adverse effects. Treatment with PEG 3350 + E was more effective in children aged less than 2 years (100%) compared to older children (100% vs 65.4%; P < .01), with no significant differences in the development of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The PEG 3350 + E treatment protocol for constipation in critically ill children was effective and associated with few adverse events, even in children aged less than 2 years.


Assuntos
Constipação Intestinal , Estado Terminal , Humanos , Criança , Masculino , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Estudos Prospectivos , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrólitos/uso terapêutico
4.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 30(supl.1): S39-S43, 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116437

RESUMO

Fluctuating abdominal pain and bloating suggest gastrointestinal origin with multiple causes. In adults, patients fulfilling the Rome criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have a low probability of neoplasms or intestinal inflammatory diseases. In these patients it is cost effective to request fecal calprotectin and celiac disease serology. Due to the high probability of nocebo effect, the diagnosis of sensitivity to non celiac and food allergies should require a blind rechallenge. It is recommended to evaluate other non ominous diagnostic options in a second stage if there is not good control of symptoms. In adults that do not fulfil the criteria of IBS or in adults older than 50 it is often necessary to request more studies, including endoscopic examinations. In children, abdominal pain and bloating occur frequently in the context of excessive consumption of sugar (including fructose, lactose and sorbitol). In infants it can occur in the context of congenital malformations, infant colics and food allergies. An active search for symptoms and signs of alarm is recommended. In their absence the performance of an endoscopic study is low. The use of celiac disease serology is also recommended, but the use of fecal calprotectin has the limitation that normal values are not present below age 4, so its use is not recommended under that age.


El dolor abdominal y la distensión abdominal fluctuantes sugieren origen gastrointestinal, con múltiples causas. En adultos, los pacientes que cumplen criterios de Roma para Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) tienen una baja probabilidad de neoplasias o enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII). En estos pacientes, es costoefectivo solicitar calprotectina fecal y serología de enfermedad celiaca. Por la alta probabilidad de efecto nocebo, el diagnóstico de sensibilidad al gluten no celiaca (SGNC) y alergias alimentarias debería requerir un rechallenge ciego. Es recomendable evaluar otras opciones diagnósticas no ominosas en una segunda etapa, si no hay buen control sintomático. En adultos que no cumplen criterios de SII o en adultos mayores de 50 años, suele requerirse más cantidad de estudios, incluyendo endoscópicos. En niños, el dolor abdominal y distensión ocurren frecuentemente en el contexto de consumo excesivo de azúcares (incluyendo fructosa, lactosa y sorbitol). En lactantes puede ocurrir también en el contexto de malformaciones congénitas, cólicos del lactante y alergia alimentaria. Se recomienda la búsqueda activa de signos y síntomas de alarma. En su ausencia el rendimiento del estudio endoscópico es bajo. También se recomienda el uso de serología de enfermedad celíaca, pero el uso de calprotectina fecal tiene la limitación de ausencia de valores de normalidad hasta los 4 años, por lo que su uso no se recomienda bajo esa edad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Dor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico , Dilatação Patológica/etiologia , Abdome/patologia , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Síndromes de Malabsorção/complicações
5.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 90(1): 149-157, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-901474

RESUMO

Introducción: el síndrome de Ogilvie es una entidad infrecuente, más aún en la edad pediátrica, caracterizada por la dilatación aguda del colon, y que suele complicar la evolución de distintas enfermedades. Dentro de sus causas más comunes está la cirugía ortopédica y/o traumatológica. Objetivo: actualizar sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome en las edades pediátricas. Presentación del caso: se presenta una paciente de 16 años, operada de escoliosis toraco abdominal, que a las 24 horas de operada comenzó con distensión abdominal progresiva y marcada, y se le diagnosticó de síndrome de Ogilvie. Conclusiones: la entidad, aunque infrecuente, puede presentarse en pacientes con diversas afecciones, y se debe conocer adecuadamente sobre su diagnóstico y tratamiento para lograr la recuperación del enfermo(AU)


Introduction: Ogilvie syndrome is an uncommon condition, even more so in childhood. It is characterized by acute dilation of the colon, often complicating the evolution of different diseases. Its most frequent causes include orthopedic and/or trauma surgery. Objective: update the information about the diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome in pediatric ages. Case presentation: a female 16-year-old patient who had undergone thoraco-abdominal scoliosis surgery and had developed progressive, marked abdominal distension 24 hours after the operation, was diagnosed with Ogilvie syndrome. Conclusions: infrequent as it is, the condition may present in patients with various diseases. It is necessary to have adequate knowledge about its diagnosis and treatment to achieve successful recovery in patients(AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Adolescente , Pseudo-Obstrução do Colo/diagnóstico , Pseudo-Obstrução do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica
6.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 90(1): 149-157, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-72371

RESUMO

Introducción: el síndrome de Ogilvie es una entidad infrecuente, más aún en la edad pediátrica, caracterizada por la dilatación aguda del colon, y que suele complicar la evolución de distintas enfermedades. Dentro de sus causas más comunes está la cirugía ortopédica y/o traumatológica. Objetivo: actualizar sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome en las edades pediátricas. Presentación del caso: se presenta una paciente de 16 años, operada de escoliosis toraco abdominal, que a las 24 horas de operada comenzó con distensión abdominal progresiva y marcada, y se le diagnosticó de síndrome de Ogilvie. Conclusiones: la entidad, aunque infrecuente, puede presentarse en pacientes con diversas afecciones, y se debe conocer adecuadamente sobre su diagnóstico y tratamiento para lograr la recuperación del enfermo(AU)


Introduction: Ogilvie syndrome is an uncommon condition, even more so in childhood. It is characterized by acute dilation of the colon, often complicating the evolution of different diseases. Its most frequent causes include orthopedic and/or trauma surgery. Objective: update the information about the diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome in pediatric ages. Case presentation: a female 16-year-old patient who had undergone thoraco-abdominal scoliosis surgery and had developed progressive, marked abdominal distension 24 hours after the operation, was diagnosed with Ogilvie syndrome. Conclusions: infrequent as it is, the condition may present in patients with various diseases. It is necessary to have adequate knowledge about its diagnosis and treatment to achieve successful recovery in patients(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Pseudo-Obstrução do Colo/diagnóstico , Pseudo-Obstrução do Colo , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(supl.1): S35-S39, 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1120701

RESUMO

Although abdominal bloating and distension are frequent symptoms, they are considered a challenge in medical practice. Treatment alternatives with varying efficacy levels, associated to the lack of knowledge about this problem, generate difficulties in the doctor­patient relation, and patient's frustration and anxiety. Advances in understanding their etiopathogenetic factors have lead treatment of these patients towards a personalized approach. The purpose of the article is to provide a brief description about abdominal bloating and distension, and ultimately give a practical approach of this condition.


A pesar de que la hinchazón (bloating) y la distensión abdominal son síntomas altamente frecuentes, son considerados un desafío en el quehacer médico. Alternativas terapéuticas con grados de eficacia variables, asociado a un desconocimiento en el enfrentamiento clínico, generan dificultades en la atención de estos pacientes por parte de los médicos, además de frustración para el paciente. Avances en la comprensión de su etiopatogenia han permitido dirigir el tratamiento de estos pacientes de manera personalizada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una breve descripción del cuadro, y dar finalmente un enfoque práctico frente a esta condición.


Assuntos
Humanos , Dilatação Gástrica/dietoterapia , Dilatação Gástrica/etiologia , Dilatação Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Dilatação Patológica , Dilatação Gástrica/epidemiologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Flatulência/fisiopatologia , Abdome/fisiopatologia
8.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 45(1): 38-40, Abril-Mayo 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-848796

RESUMO

Paciente masculino de 3 días con distensión abdominal. sin evacuaciones, ictericia escleral, dilatación de pelvis renal bilateral.

9.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 44(1): 40-41, Abril-Mayo 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-848711

RESUMO

Caso Clínico Neonato de 23 días de vida, hijo de madre de 17 años primigesta, que acude a cuarto de urgencias hospitalario con historia de lesiones en área perineal que iniciaron a la semana de vida, luego de un parto en casa atendido por partera. Luego de la aparición de la lesiones presentó ebre no cuanti cada, tos húmeda, rinorrea hialina y distensión abdominal de 2 semanas de evolución. Examen Físico Positivo: Paciente activo, febril (38.7oC), pulmones con crépitos bilaterales, abdomen timpánico y distendido, en los genitales se evidenciaba el escroto con úlceras de color verdoso de 3 x 2 cm con áreas necróticas y bordes hiperpigmentados. Exámenes de laboratorios: Hemograma con leucocitos en (18300cel/mm3) N: 52%, L: 28%, hemoglobina 13.7g/dl, plaquetas 455,000 cel/mm3, proteína C reactiva: 1.6 mg/dl. Punción lumbar normal.

10.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 37 Suppl 3: 3-13, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25294261

RESUMO

This article discusses the studies on functional and motor gastrointestinal disorders presented at the 2014 Digestive Diseases Week conference that are of greatest interest to us. New data have been provided on the clinical importance of functional gastrointestinal disorders, with recent prevalence data for irritable bowel syndrome and fecal incontinence. We know more about the pathophysiological mechanisms of the various functional disorders, especially irritable bowel syndrome, which has had the largest number of studies. Thus, we have gained new data on microinflammation, genetics, microbiota, psychological aspects, etc. Symptoms such as abdominal distension have gained interest in the scientific community, both in terms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and those with constipation. From the diagnostic point of view, the search continues for a biomarker for functional gastrointestinal disorders, especially for irritable bowel syndrome. In the therapeutic area, the importance of diet for these patients (FODMAP, fructans, etc.) is once again confirmed, and data is provided that backs the efficacy of already marketed drugs such as linaclotide, which rule out the use of other drugs such as mesalazine for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. This year, new forms of drug administration have been presented, including metoclopramide nasal sprays and granisetron transdermal patches for patients with gastroparesis. Lastly, a curiosity that caught our attention was the use of a vibrating capsule to stimulate gastrointestinal transit in patients with constipation.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Biomarcadores , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/terapia , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/terapia , Gastroparesia/terapia , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia
11.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 13(2): 3-5, abr.-jun. 2004. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-531094

RESUMO

Síntomas en nuestro medio en obstrucciones intestinales. Sintomatología temprana (evitar complicaciones). Estudio clínico, retrospectivo, observacional, 88 pacientes del HPPR. San Cristóbal, con obstrucción intestinal, período enero 1992-diciembre 2002. Principal síntoma vómito (94 por ciento), predominio alimentario (31 por ciento). Seguidos del dolor abdominal 50 por ciento, después distensión abdominal (48 por ciento) y ausencia evacuatoria 35,5 por ciento. La literatura índica dolor abdominal síntoma principal de obstrucción intestinal, no así nuestros hallazgos, donde vómitos predominan sobre dolor abdominal, distensión abdominal y ausencia evacuatoria son similares a la literatura clásica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cólica/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Obstrução Intestinal/terapia , Vômito/diagnóstico , Vômito/dietoterapia , Dor Abdominal/metabolismo , Metabolismo
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